Photoevaporative Dispersal of Protoplanetary Disks around Evolving Intermediate-mass Stars

Abstract

We aim to understand the effect of stellar evolution on the evolution of protoplanetary disks. We focus in particular on the disk evolution around intermediate-mass (IM) stars, which evolve more rapidly than low-mass ones. We numerically solve the long-term evolution of disks around 0.5-5 solar-mass stars considering viscous accretion and photoevaporation (PE) driven by stellar far-ultraviolet (FUV), extreme-ultraviolet (EUV), and X-ray emission. We also take stellar evolution into account and consider the time evolution of the PE rate. We find that the FUV, EUV, and X-ray luminosities of IM stars evolve by orders of magnitude within a few Myr along with the time evolution of stellar structure, stellar effective temperature, or accretion rate. Therefore, the PE rate also evolves with time by orders of magnitude, and we conclude that stellar evolution is crucial for the disk evolution around IM stars.

arXiv comment21 pages, 15 figures, published in ApJ. Evolutionary models of young 0.5-5 Msun stars are available at https://zenodo.org/record/4595807

References in corpus (100)

• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)
• Protoplanetary Disks and Their Evolution
• The stellar activity-rotation relationship and the evolution of stellar dynamos
• The Mass Dependence Between Protoplanetary Disks and their Stellar Hosts
• Giant Planet Occurrence in the Stellar Mass-Metallicity Plane
• The Origin of T Tauri X-ray Emission: New Insights from the Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project
• Wind-driven Accretion in Protoplanetary Disks. I: Suppression of the Magnetorotational Instability and Launching of the Magnetocentrifugal Wind
• Photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs II: evolutionary models and observable properties
• Photoevaporation of Circumstellar Disks due to External FUV Radiation in Stellar Aggregates
• A Steeper than Linear Disk Mass-Stellar Mass Scaling Relation
• Dust and Gas in the disc of HL Tauri: Surface density, dust settling, and dust-to-gas ratio
• Protoplanetary Disk Structures in Ophiuchus II: Extension to Fainter Sources
• X-ray astronomy of stellar coronae (Review)
• Tidal Decay of Close Planetary Orbits
• Evidence for Accretion: High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy of the Classical T Tauri Star TW Hydrae
• Photoevaporation of Circumstellar Disks by FUV, EUV and X-ray Radiation from the Central Star
• ALMA Survey of Lupus Protoplanetary Disks II: Gas Disk Radii
• Improved angular momentum evolution model for solar-like stars
• Radiation-Hydrodynamic Models of X-Ray & EUV Photoevaporating Protoplanetary Discs
• New Solar Composition: The Problem With Solar Models Revisited
• On the theory of disc photoevaporation
• The Orbital Evolution of Gas Giant Planets around Giant Stars
• Helioseismological Implications of Recent Solar Abundance Determinations
• Evidence for Mass-dependent Circumstellar Disk Evolution in the 5 Myr-old Upper Scorpius OB Association
• Photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs I: hydrodynamic models
• A Three-Dimensional View of Turbulence: Constraints on Turbulent Motions in the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk using DCO${}^{+}$
• Protoplanetary disk lifetimes vs stellar mass and possible implications for giant planet populations
• Time-Evolution of Viscous Circumstellar Disks due to Photoevaporation by FUV, EUV and X-ray Radiation from the Central Star
• Disk Winds Driven by Magnetorotational Instability and Dispersal of Proto-Planetary Disks
• Measuring Accretion in Young Substellar Objects: Approaching the Planetary Mass Regime
• Local Study of Accretion Disks with a Strong Vertical Magnetic Field: Magnetorotational Instability and Disk Outflow
• Compact Disks in a High Resolution ALMA Survey of Dust Structures in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
• Precise Radial Velocities of Giant Stars VII. Occurrence Rate of Giant Extrasolar Planets as a Function of Mass and Metallicity
• Photoevaporation of Circumstellar Disks around Young Stars
• Episodic accretion at early stages of evolution of low mass stars and brown dwarfs: a solution for the observed luminosity spread in HR diagrams?
• The Extreme Ultraviolet and X-Ray Sun in Time: High-Energy Evolutionary Tracks of a Solar-Like Star
• ALMA unveils rings and gaps in the protoplanetary system HD 169142: signatures of two giant protoplanets
• Dust dynamics during protoplanetary disc clearing
• Towards a Global Evolutionary Model of Protoplanetary Disks
• Evolution of Protoplanetary Discs with Magnetically Driven Disc Winds
• Herbig Ae/Be Stars in nearby OB associations
• X-ray irradiated protoplanetary disk atmospheres I: Predicted emission line spectrum and photoevaporation
• Giant planet migration, disk evolution, and the origin of transitional disks
• Global Simulations of the Inner Regions of Protoplanetary Disks with Comprehensive Disk Microphysics
• Lithium depletion and the rotational history of exoplanet host stars
• The Impact of Dust Evolution and Photoevaporation on Disk Dispersal
• X-ray Emission from T Tauri Stars and the Role of Accretion: Inferences from the XMM-Newton Extended Survey of the Taurus Molecular Cloud
• Jupiter's composition: sign of a (relatively) late formation in a chemically evolved protosolar disk
• On the Reliability of Stellar Ages and Age Spreads Inferred from Pre-Main Sequence Evolutionary Models
• Local outflows from turbulent accretion disks
• Scaling Relations Associated with Millimeter Continuum Sizes in Protoplanetary Disks
• The dispersal of protoplanetary discs I: A new generation of X-ray photoevaporation models
• Chandra X-ray Observation of the Orion Nebula Cluster. II Relationship between X-ray activity indicators and stellar parameters
• Planet Engulfment by ~1.5-3 Solar-Mass Red Giants
• Protoplanetary Disk Masses from Stars to Brown Dwarfs
• The magnetorotational instability as a jet launching mechanism
• Planetary Companions around Three Intermediate-Mass G and K Giants: 18 Del, xi Aql, and HD 81688
• Stellar Mass Dependent Disk Dispersal
• Global Simulations of Protoplanetary Disk Outflows with Coupled Non-ideal Magnetohydrodynamics and Consistent Thermochemistry
• Time Dependence of the Ultraviolet Radiation Field in the Local Interstellar Medium
• Episodic accretion: the interplay of infall and disc instabilities
• Transport and Accretion in Planet-Forming Disks
• The Differential Lifetimes of Protostellar Gas and Dust Disks
• X-ray Study of the Intermediate-Mass Young Stars Herbig Ae/Be Stars
• On the Semimajor Axis Distribution of Extrasolar Gas Giant Planets: Why Hot Jupiters Are Rare Around High-Mass Stars
• Saturation of Stellar Winds from Young Suns
• Global Hydromagnetic Simulations of Protoplanetary Disks with Stellar Irradiation and Simplified Thermochemistry
• Radiation hydrodynamics simulations of photoevaporation of protoplanetary disks II: Metallicity dependence of UV and X-ray photoevaporation
• An X-ray Outburst from the Rapidly Accreting Young Star That Illuminates McNeil's Nebula
• Hydrodynamic Photoevaporation of Protoplanetary Disks with Consistent Thermochemistry
• The magnetic fields of intermediate-mass T Tauri stars : I. Magnetic detections and fundamental stellar parameters
• Radiation Hydrodynamics Simulations of Photoevaporation of Protoplanetary Disks by Ultra Violet Radiation: Metallicity Dependence
• The First Detection of 13C17O in a Protoplanetary Disk: a Robust Tracer of Disk Gas Mass
• Shadowing and multiple rings in the protoplanetary disk of HD 139614
• Dispersal of protoplanetary disks by the combination of magnetically driven and photoevaporative winds
• The Separation/Period Gap in the Distribution of Extrasolar Planets around Stars with Masses M >= 1.2 Msolar
• Evolution of X-ray and FUV Disk-Dispersing Radiation Fields
• Revisiting the pre-main-sequence evolution of stars I. Importance of accretion efficiency and deuterium abundance
• From Birth to Death of Protoplanetary Disks: Modeling Their Formation, Evolution, and Dispersal
• Dust and gas density evolution at a radial pressure bump in protoplanetary disks
• The first multi-dimensional view of mass loss from externally FUV irradiated protoplanetary discs
• Disk Dispersal: Theoretical Understanding and Observational Constraints
• A Three-dimensional Simulation of a Magnetized Accretion Disk: Fast Funnel Accretion onto a Weakly Magnetized Star
• Further X-ray detections of Herbig stars
• A Semi-Analytical Description for the Formation and Gravitational Evolution of Protoplanetary Disks
• Rapid Evolution of the Innermost Dust Disk of Protoplanetary Disks Surrounding Intermediate-mass Stars
• Photoevaporation of Circumstellar Disks Revisited: The Dust-Free Case
• Radiation pressure clear-out of dusty photoevaporating discs
• Dust Dynamics in Protoplanetary Disk Winds Driven by Magneto-Rotational Turbulence: A Mechanism for Floating Dust Grains with Characteristic Sizes
• Dust entrainment in photoevaporative winds: The impact of X-rays
• The influence of radiative core growth on coronal X-ray emission from pre-main sequence stars
• Asymmetric mid-plane gas in ALMA images of HD~100546
• On the origin of ionising photons emitted by T Tauri stars
• Global axisymmetric simulations of photoevaporation and magnetically driven protoplanetary disk winds
• Unified simulations of planetary formation and atmospheric evolution II: Rapid disk clearing by photoevaporation yields low-mass super-Earth atmospheres
• The impact of pre-main sequence stellar evolution on midplane snowline locations and C/O in planet forming discs
• Accreting pre-main sequence models and abundance anomalies in globular clusters
• The X-Ray Origin of Herbig AeBe Systems: New Insights
• X-ray Emission and Corona of the Young Intermediate Mass Binary ${\theta }^1$ Ori E

Cited by in corpus (25)

• Scanning disk rings and winds in CO at 0.01-10 au: a high-resolution $M$-band spectroscopy survey with IRTF-iSHELL
• Steady-state accretion in magnetized protoplanetary disks
• Large gaps and high accretion rates in photoevaporative transition disks with a dead zone
• Photoevaporation of Grain-Depleted Protoplanetary Disks around Intermediate-Mass Stars: Investigating Possibility of Gas-Rich Debris Disks as Protoplanetary Remnants
• Towards a population synthesis of discs and planets. II. Confronting disc models and observations at the population level
• The external photoevaporation of structured protoplanetary disks
• Long live the disk: lifetimes of protoplanetary disks in hierarchical triple star systems and a possible explanation for HD 98800 B
• Quantifying the Impact of the Dust Torque on the Migration of Low-mass Planets
• A Novel Method to Estimate the FUV Flux and a Catalogue for Star-Hosting Discs in Nearby Star-Forming Regions
• The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO): VIII. The impact of external photoevaporation on disk masses and radii in Upper Scorpius
• The Molecular Composition of Shadowed Protosolar Disk Midplanes beyond the Water Snowline
• Cosmic-ray ionization rate in protoplanetary disks with sheared magnetic fields
• Assessing the capability of a model-based stellar XUV estimation
• X-Shooter Survey of Young Intermediate Mass Stars -- I. Stellar Characterization and Disc Evolution
• Refractory carbon depletion by photolysis through dust collisions and vertical mixing
• Stellar Obliquity Excitation via Disk Dispersal-Driven Resonances in Binaries
• The effect of stellar evolution on dispersal of protoplanetary disks: Disk fraction in star-forming regions
• The substellar population in Corona Australis
• Long-term evolution of the temperature structure in magnetized protoplanetary disks and its implication for the dichotomy of planetary composition
• The survivorship bias of protoplanetary disc populations
• A tension between dust and gas radii: the role of substructures and external photoevaporation in protoplanetary disks
• Evolution of the Accretion Rate of Young Intermediate Mass Stars: Implications for Disk Evolution and Planet Formation
• Survival of Protoplanetary Disks in Upper Scorpius from Population Synthesis Models with External Photoevaporation
• Identification and spectroscopic characterization of 128 new Herbig stars
• HD 44892: The youngest (or oldest?) gas-harbouring debris disc around an intermediate mass star