Identification and spectroscopic characterization of 128 new Herbig stars

Abstract

We present optical spectroscopy observations of 145 high-mass pre-main sequence candidates from the catalogue of Vioque et al. (2020). From these, we provide evidence for the Herbig nature of 128 sources. This increases the number of known objects of the class by $\sim 50\%$. We determine the stellar parameters of these sources using the spectra and Gaia EDR3 data. The new sources are well distributed in mass and age, with 23 sources between $4$-$8$ M${}_{\odot }$ and 32 sources above $8$ M${}_{\odot }$. Accretion rates are inferred from H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$ luminosities for 104 of the new Herbigs. These accretion rates, combined with previous similar estimates, allow us to analyze the accretion properties of Herbig stars using the largest sample ever considered. We provide further support to the existence of a break in accretion properties at $\sim 3$-$4$ M${}_{\odot }$, which was already reported for the previously known Herbig stars. We re-estimate the potential break in accretion properties to be at $3.87_{-0.96}^{+0.38}$ M${}_{\odot }$. As observed for the previously known Herbig stars, the sample of new Herbig stars independently suggests intense inner-disk photoevaporation for sources with masses above $\sim 7$ M${}_{\odot }$. These observations provide robust observational support to the accuracy of the Vioque et al. (2020) catalogue of Herbig candidates.

Published in The Astrophysical Journal. Received 1 January 2022 / Accepted 2 March 2022 (14 pages, 8 figures). Tables B1, B2, and B3 are available at the CDS in their entirety in machine-readable form

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