paper

A classifier for spurious astrometric solutions in Gaia EDR3

arXiv:2101.11641 · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3588

Abstract

The Gaia early Data Release 3 has delivered exquisite astrometric data for 1.47 billion sources, which is revolutionizing many fields in astronomy. For a small fraction of these sources, the astrometric solutions are poor, and the reported values and uncertainties may not apply. Before any analysis, it is important to recognize and excise these spurious results - this is commonly done by means of quality flags in the Gaia catalog. Here, we devise a means of separating 'good' from 'bad' astrometric solutions that is an order of magnitude cleaner than any single flag: 99.3% pure and 97.3% complete, as validated on our test data. We devise an extensive sample of manifestly bad astrometric solutions, with parallax that is negative at > 4.5 sigma; and a corresponding sample of presumably good solutions, including sources in HEALPix pixels on the sky that do not contain such negative parallaxes, and sources that fall on the main sequence in a color-absolute magnitude diagram. We then train a neural network that uses 17 pertinent Gaia catalog entries and information about nearby sources to discriminate between these two samples, captured in a single 'astrometric fidelity' parameter. A diverse set of verification tests shows that our approach works very cleanly, including for sources with positive parallaxes. The main limitations of our approach are in the very low-SNR and the crowded regime. Our astrometric fidelities for all of eDR3 can be queried via the Virtual Observatory, our code and data are public.

21 pages, 20 figures, accepted with MNRAS. Fidelities available via Virtual Observatory (GAVO). Catalog information: https://dc.zah.uni-heidelberg.de/tableinfo/gedr3spur.main -- Colab python notebook: https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1lPzhGSSIjx2nQ7XM2v8bQZtkf0Atrk0z?usp=sharing

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