New Solar Composition: The Problem With Solar Models Revisited

Abstract

We construct updated solar models with different sets of solar abundances, including the most recent determinations by Asplund et al. (2009). The latter work predicts a larger ($\sim 10$) solar metallicity compared to previous measurements by the same authors but significantly lower ($\sim 25$) than the recommended value from a decade ago by Grevesse & Sauval (1998). We compare the results of our models with determinations of the solar structure inferred through helioseismology measurements. The model that uses the most recent solar abundance determinations predicts the base of the solar convective envelope to be located at $R_{\mathrm{CZ}}=0.724{\mathrm{R}}_{\odot }$ and a surface helium mass fraction of $Y_{\mathrm{surf}}=0.231$. These results are in conflict with helioseismology data ($R_{\mathrm{CZ}}=0.713\pm 0.001{\mathrm{R}}_{\odot }$ and $Y_{\mathrm{surf}}=0.2485\pm 0.0035$) at 5$-\sigma$ and 11$-\sigma$ levels respectively. Using the new solar abundances, we calculate the magnitude by which radiative opacities should be modified in order to restore agreement with helioseismology. We find that a maximum change of $\sim 15$ at the base of the convective zone is required with a smooth decrease towards the core, where the change needed is $\sim 5$. The required change at the base of the convective envelope is about half the value estimated previously. We also present the solar neutrino fluxes predicted by the new models. The most important changes brought about by the new solar abundances are the increase by $\sim 10$ in the predicted ${}^{13}$N and ${}^{15}$O fluxes that arise mostly due to the increase in the C and N abundances in the newly determined solar composition.

Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. Changes according to referee's comments. 11 pages, including 3 tables and 2 figures

References in corpus (10)

• The chemical composition of the Sun
• Helioseismology and Solar Abundances
• Fresh insights on the structure of the solar core
• On the opacity change required to compensate for the revised solar composition
• CN-Cycle Solar Neutrinos and Sun's Primordial Core Metalicity
• Precision study of ground state capture in the 14N(p,gamma)15O reaction
• Determining solar abundances using helioseismology
• Solar abundances and helioseismology: fine structure spacings and separation ratios of low-degree p modes
• The 3He(alpha,gamma)7Be S-factor at solar energies: the prompt gamma experiment at LUNA
• Solar heavy element abundance: constraints from frequency separation ratios of low-degree p modes

Cited by in corpus (235)

• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)
• PARSEC: stellar tracks and isochrones with the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST). I: Solar-Scaled Models
• Neutrino Physics with JUNO
• The chemical make-up of the Sun: A 2020 vision
• Global status of neutrino oscillation parameters after Neutrino-2012
• Updated fit to three neutrino mixing: status of leptonic CP violation
• Optical Spectroscopy and Nebular Oxygen Abundances of the Spitzer/SINGS Galaxies
• Global fit to three neutrino mixing: critical look at present precision
• Combined Analysis of all Three Phases of Solar Neutrino Data from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Ages and fundamental properties of Kepler exoplanet host stars from asteroseismology
• Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch Evolution of Low- and Intermediate-Mass Stars. Preliminary Results
• New models for the evolution of Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch stars and Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae
• The Updated BaSTI Stellar Evolution Models and Isochrones: I. Solar Scaled Calculations
• NuFit-6.0: Updated global analysis of three-flavor neutrino oscillations
• The FIP and Inverse FIP Effects in Solar and Stellar Coronae
• Final results of Borexino Phase-I on low energy solar neutrino spectroscopy
• Evidence of theta(13)>0 from global neutrino data analysis
• Solar Neutrinos: Status and Prospects
• Solar models with accretion. I. Application to the solar abundance problem
• Solar constraints on hidden photons re-visited
• A New Generation of Los Alamos Opacity Tables
• Observational constraints on the origin of the elements. IV: The standard composition of the Sun
• Non-LTE line formation of Fe in late-type stars - III. 3D non-LTE analysis of metal-poor stars
• Cool WISPs for stellar cooling excesses
• Improvements to stellar structure models, based on a grid of 3D convection simulations. II. Calibrating the mixing-length formulation
• DarkSUSY 6 : An Advanced Tool to Compute Dark Matter Properties Numerically
• The influence of atomic diffusion on stellar ages and chemical tagging
• Solar axion flux from the axion-electron coupling
• A Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics
• Global Seismology of the Sun
• Stellar ages and convective cores in field main-sequence stars: first asteroseismic application to two Kepler targets
• Pre-supernova evolution, compact object masses and explosion properties of stripped binary stars
• Stellar Models with Enhanced Abundances of C, N, O, Ne, Na, Mg, Si, S, Ca, and Ti, in Turn, at Constant Helium and Iron Abundances
• New axion and hidden photon constraints from a solar data global fit
• Directly Detecting MeV-scale Dark Matter via Solar Reflection
• Theia: An advanced optical neutrino detector
• Current challenges in the physics of white dwarf stars
• Non-Standard Interactions in Radiative Neutrino Mass Models
• The SNO+ Experiment
• Testing alternative theories of gravity using the Sun
• Solar structure and evolution
• Axion searches with the EDELWEISS-II experiment
• Letter of Intent: Jinping Neutrino Experiment
• Updated determination of the solar neutrino fluxes from solar neutrino data
• Seismic and dynamical solar models i-the impact of the solar rotation history on neutrinos and seismic indicators
• The chemical composition of the Sun from helioseismic and solar neutrino data
• Exploring mass loss, low-Z accretion, and convective overshoot in solar models to mitigate the solar abundance problem
• A Local Universe Host for the Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 20181030A
• How realistic are solar model atmospheres?
• Solar oxygen abundance
• Measurement of the 8B Solar Neutrino Flux with the KamLAND Liquid Scintillator Detector
• The solar silicon abundance based on 3D non-LTE calculations
• Dark Sunshine: Detecting Dark Matter through Dark Photons from the Sun
• DarkBit: A GAMBIT module for computing dark matter observables and likelihoods
• Detecting Boosted Dark Matter from the Sun with Large Volume Neutrino Detectors
• Why one-dimensional models fail in the diagnosis of average spectra from inhomogeneous stellar atmospheres
• Determining the initial helium abundance of the Sun
• Metallicity of stars formed throughout the cosmic history based on the observational properties of star forming galaxies
• PPPC 4 DM$\nu$: A Poor Particle Physicist Cookbook for Neutrinos from DM annihilations in the Sun
• Direct detection of dark energy: the XENON1T excess and future prospects
• Effects of Helium Enrichment in Globular Clusters I.Theoretical Plane with PGPUC stellar evolution code
• The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• ΔY/ ΔZ from the analysis of local K dwarfs
• The Clusters AgeS Experiment (CASE). IV. Analysis of the Eclipsing Binary V69 in the Globular Cluster 47 Tuc
• On the Minimum Dark Matter Mass Testable by Neutrinos from the Sun
• Improvements to Stellar Structure Models, Based on a Grid of 3D Convection Simulations. I. $T(\tau )$-Relations
• Nuclear astrophysics: the unfinished quest for the origin of the elements
• Stellar mixing length theory with entropy rain
• A possible indication of momentum-dependent asymmetric dark matter in the Sun
• The Future of Solar Neutrinos
• Light WIMPs in the Sun: Constraints from Helioseismology
• The Sun as a sub-GeV Dark Matter Accelerator
• Alive and well: a short review about standard solar models
• Neutrinos from cosmic ray interactions in the Sun
• Atlas of solar hidden photon emission
• Photoionization of ions with synchrotron radiation: From ions in space to atoms in cages
• Lithium in M67: From the main sequence to the red giant branch
• Testing pre-main sequence models: the power of a Bayesian approach
• The 14N(p,gamma)15O reaction studied with a composite germanium detector
• Solar neutrino detection in a large volume double-phase liquid argon experiment
• Evaporation and scattering of momentum- and velocity-dependent dark matter in the Sun
• Photoevaporative Dispersal of Protoplanetary Disks around Evolving Intermediate-mass Stars
• Revisiting longitudinal plasmon-axion conversion in external magnetic fields
• Solar models with convective overshoot, the solar-wind mass loss, and a PMS disk accretion: helioseismic quantities, Li depletion and neutrino fluxes
• Solar reflection of light dark matter with heavy mediators
• Solar constraints on asymmetric dark matter
• Quantifying uncertainties in the solar axion flux and their impact on determining axion model parameters
• Toward a New Kind of Asteroseismic Grid Fitting
• Minicharged Particles from the Sun: A Cutting-Edge Bound
• An actively vetoed Clover gamma-detector for nuclear astrophysics at LUNA
• Red Giant evolution and specific problems
• Solar neutrino physics oscillations: Sensitivity to the electronic density in the Sun's core
• Axion helioscopes as solar magnetometers
• Resonance strengths in the 14N(p, γ)15O and 15N(p, αγ)12C reactions
• Axion Astrophysics
• Precision ${\bar{\nu }}_e$-electron Scattering Measurements with IsoDAR to Search for New Physics
• Constraints on Neutrino Lifetime from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Solar Gamma Ray Constraints on Dark Matter Annihilation to Secluded Mediators
• Combining multiple structural inversions to constrain the Solar modelling problem
• Line broadening and the solar opacity problem
• Helioseismology with long range dark matter-baryon interactions
• Solar opacity calculations using the super-transition-array method
• Thermal conduction by dark matter with velocity and momentum-dependent cross-sections
• Coupling 1D stellar evolution with 3D-hydrodynamical simulations on-the-fly I: A New Standard Solar Model
• Astrophysical S-factor of the ${}^{14}\text{N(p,}\gamma {\text{)}}^{15}\text{O}$ reaction at 0.4 -- 1.3\,MeV
• Solar neutrino flux at keV energies
• Solar Neutrinos as a Probe of Dark Matter-Neutrino Interactions
• Generalised form factor dark matter in the Sun
• GAMBIT and its Application in the Search for Physics Beyond the Standard Model
• Solar and Stellar Photospheric Abundances
• Solar abundance problem
• Production of axion-like particles from photon conversions in large-scale solar magnetic fields
• Direct detection and solar capture of spin-dependent dark matter
• Implications of solar wind measurements for solar models and composition
• New solar metallicity measurements
• Low-Temperature Gas Opacities with AESOPUS 2.0
• Optimized velocity distributions for direct dark matter detection
• Constraining Big Bang lithium production with recent solar neutrino data
• Bracketing the impact of astrophysical uncertainties on local dark matter searches
• A novel approach to derive halo-independent limits on dark matter properties
• Solar models in light of new high metallicity measurements from solar wind data
• Solar Models with Revised Abundance
• The Spectrum of Darkonium in the Sun
• Direct detection and solar capture of dark matter with momentum and velocity dependent elastic scattering
• Axion global fits with Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking before inflation using GAMBIT
• Determining the metallicity of the solar envelope using seismic inversion techniques
• Effect of electromagnetic dipole dark matter on energy transport in the solar interior
• Imprint of planet formation in the deep interior of the Sun
• Solar neutrino-electron scattering as background limitation for double beta decay
• On the impact of the structural surface effect on global stellar properties and asteroseismic analyses
• Hierarchically modelling Kepler dwarfs and subgiants to improve inference of stellar properties with asteroseismology
• CNO Neutrino Grand Prix: The race to solve the solar metallicity problem
• Solar Neutrino Spectroscopy
• Evaporation Barrier for Dark Matter in Celestial Bodies
• QCD phase transition drives supernova explosion of a very massive star
• Disruption of a planet spiralling into its host star
• Pinning down inelastic dark matter in the Sun and in direct detection
• Solar fusion III: New data and theory for hydrogen-burning stars
• Seismic inversion of the solar entropy: A case for improving the Standard Solar Model
• Axions as a probe of solar metals
• Updated constraints on velocity and momentum-dependent asymmetric dark matter
• Dark Photons from Captured Inelastic Dark Matter Annihilation: Charged Particle Signatures
• Long-range self-interacting dark matter in the Sun
• Excitation and charge transfer in low-energy hydrogen atom collisions with neutral oxygen
• A solar twin in the eclipsing binary LL Aqr
• Neutrino Fluxes from NUHM LSP Annihilations in the Sun
• Overcoming the structural surface effect with a realistic treatment of turbulent convection in 1D stellar models
• Sensitivity of a low threshold directional detector to CNO-cycle solar neutrinos
• Rotating Solar Models with Low Metal Abundances as Good as Those with High Metal Abundances
• Status of Direct Determination of Solar Neutrino Fluxes after Borexino
• Detailed opacity calculations for astrophysical applications
• Inversions of the Ledoux discriminant: a closer look at the tachocline
• Asteroseismic constraints on Asymmetric Dark Matter: Light particles with an effective spin-dependent coupling
• Solar models with new low-metal abundances
• Solar ${\bar{\nu }}_e$ flux: Revisiting bounds on neutrino magnetic moments and solar magnetic field
• The distribution of inelastic dark matter in the Sun
• Addressing the acoustic tachocline anomaly and the lithium depletion problem at the same time
• An extended and refined grid of 3D STAGGER model atmospheres. Processed snapshots for stellar spectroscopy
• Reconciling hints on axion-like-particles from high-energy gamma rays with stellar bounds
• Impact of substructure on local dark matter searches
• In-medium screening effects for the Galactic halo and solar-reflected dark matter detection in semiconductor targets
• Light bosons and photospheric solutions to the solar abundance problem
• An Expanded Set of Los Alamos OPLIB Tables in MESA: Type-1 Rosseland-mean Opacities and Solar Models
• Planetary influence on the young Sun's evolution: the solar neutrino probe
• Probing the Sun's inner core using solar neutrinos: a new diagnostic method
• Simulation of energy transport by dark matter scattering in stars
• Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Applied to Average Atom Opacity
• Seismic Solar Models from Ledoux discriminant inversions
• Helioseismic and Neutrino Data Driven Reconstruction of Solar Properties
• Revisiting Delta Y/Delta Z from multiple main sequences in Globular Clusters: insight from nearby stars
• Titanium and Iron in the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant
• On the evaporation of solar dark matter: spin-independent effective operators
• Selected topics in the evolution of low-mass stars
• Searches for neutrinos from cosmic-ray interactions in the Sun using seven years of IceCube data
• New Limits on Thermally annihilating Dark Matter from Neutrino Telescopes
• Presupernova Structure of Massive Stars
• Dark matter imprint on ${}^8$B neutrino spectrum
• Bayesian Seismology of the Sun
• Standard solar models: a perspective from updated solar neutrino fluxes and the gravity-mode period spacing
• Helioseismic inference of the solar radiative opacity
• Asymmetric capture of Dirac dark matter by the Sun
• Halo-independent bounds on the non-relativistic effective theory of WIMP-nucleon scattering from direct detection and neutrino observations
• IPOPv2 online service for the generation of opacity tables
• Expanding the Catalog: Considering the Importance of Carbon, Magnesium, and Neon in the Evolution of Stars and Habitable Zones
• Neutrino Non-standard Interactions with arbitrary couplings to u and d quarks
• Properties of the ionisation glitch: I. Modelling the ionisation region
• Effect of polarisation and choice of event generator on spectra from dark matter annihilations
• Measuring solar neutrinos over Gigayear timescales with Paleo Detectors
• A halo-independent lower bound on the dark matter capture rate in the Sun from a direct detection signal
• Recommended conventions for reporting results from direct dark matter searches
• Rotating Solar Models in Agreement with Helioseismic Results and Updated Neutrino Fluxes
• The leptophilic dark matter in the Sun: the minimum testable mass
• The solar abundance problem and eMSTOs in clusters
• Conservative constraints on the effective theory of dark matter-nucleon interactions from IceCube: the impact of operator interference
• Prospects on the Detection of Solar Dark Photons by the International Axion Observatory
• Core overshoot constrained by the absence of a solar convective core and some solar-like stars
• New neutrino physics and the altered shapes of solar neutrino spectra
• Computation of atomic astrophysical opacities
• Advancements in solar neutrino physics
• Halo-independent bounds on Inelastic Dark Matter
• Mixed-mode coupling in the Red Clump I. Standard single star models
• Limits on Kaluza-Klein dark matter annihilation in the Sun from recent IceCube results
• Delayed coincidence in electron-neutrino capture on gallium for neutrino spectroscopy
• Revisiting proton-proton fusion in chiral effective field theory
• From cool to hot F-stars: the influence of two ionization regions in the acoustic oscillations
• Stellar evolution and modelling stars
• Solar Models and Astrophysical S-factors Constrained by Helioseismic Results and Updated Neutrino Fluxes
• Self-interacting dark matter constraints in a thick dark disk scenario
• The linear response theory approach to the sub-GeV dark matter in the Sun
• The Selena Neutrino Experiment
• Connection between $\nu n\to \bar{\nu }\bar{n}$ reactions and $n$-$\bar{n}$ oscillations via additional Higgs triplets
• Solar models with protosolar accretion and turbulent mixing
• Searching for Dark Matter in the Sun using Hyper-Kamiokande
• Dynamic solar Primakoff process
• Hypothesis about Enrichment of Solar System
• The impact of the transport of chemicals and electronic screening on helioseismic and neutrino observations in solar models
• Search for Solar Boosted Dark Matter Particles at the PandaX-4T Experiment
• Sensitivity of WIMP bounds on the velocity distribution in the limit of a massless mediator
• Particle Conversions Beyond the WKB Approximation and Solar-Induced Gravitational Waves from Dark Photon Dark Matter
• "In-System" Fission-Events: An Insight into Puzzles of Exoplanets and Stars?
• Continuous Habitable Zones: Using Bayesian Methods to Prioritize Characterization of Potentially Habitable Worlds
• Glitch analysis and asteroseismic modelling of subgiant $\mu$ Herculis: confirming and interpreting the ${\Gamma }_1$ peak as the helium glitch
• Low-energy neutrinos
• Potential Habitability as a Stellar Property: Effects of Model Uncertainties and Measurement Precision
• Sensitivity of the g-mode frequencies to pulsation codes and their parameters
• Atomic Radiative Data for Oxygen and Nitrogen for Solar Photospheric Studies
• Low Energy Neutrino Measurements
• A data-driven estimate of the protosolar helium mass fraction
• The solar carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen abundances from a 3D LTE analysis of molecular lines
• Search for New Physics via Low-Energy Electron Recoils with a 4.2 Tonne\times Year Exposure from the LZ Experiment
• Impact of Evaporation Barriers on Solar-Captured Dark Matter Distribution and Evaporation Mass
• Complementarity of experiments in probing the non-relativistic effective theory of dark matter-nucleon interactions
• Search for solar atmospheric neutrinos with the ANTARES neutrino telescope
• Exploring nonstandard quark interactions through solar neutrino studies