Three-dimensional Global Simulations of Type-II Planet-disk Interaction with a Magnetized Disk Wind: I. Magnetic Flux Concentration and Gap Properties

Abstract

Giant planets embedded in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) can create annulus density gaps around their orbits in the type-II regime, potentially responsible for the ubiquity of annular substructures observed in PPDs. Despite of substantial amount of works studying type-II planet migration and gap properties, they are almost exclusively conducted under the viscous accretion disk framework. However, recent studies have established magnetized disk winds as the primary driving disk accretion and evolution, which can co-exist with turbulence from the magneto-rotational instability (MRI) in the outer PPDs. We conduct a series of 3D global non-ideal magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of type-II planet-disk interaction applicable to the outer PPDs. Our simulations properly resolve the MRI turbulence and accommodate the MHD disk wind. We found that the planet triggers the poloidal magnetic flux concentration around its orbit. The concentrated magnetic flux strongly enhances angular momentum removal in the gap, which is along the inclined poloidal field through a strong outflow emanating from the disk surface outward of the planet gap. The resulting planet-induced gap shape is more similar to an inviscid disk, while being much deeper, which can be understood from a simple inhomogeneous wind torque prescription. The corotation region is characterized by a fast trans-sonic accretion flow that is asymmetric in azimuth about the planet and lacking the horseshoe turns, and the meridional flow is weakened. The torque acting on the planet generally drives inward migration, though the migration rate can be affected by the presence of neighboring gaps through stochastic, planet-free magnetic flux concentration.

arXiv comment42 pages, 24 figures, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (143)

• Array Programming with NumPy
• Planet-disk interaction and orbital evolution
• Mayavi: a package for 3D visualization of scientific data
• Rossby Wave Instability of Keplerian Accretion Disks
• On the width and shape of gaps in protoplanetary disks
• A Major Asymmetric Dust Trap in a Transition Disk
• The Athena++ Adaptive Mesh Refinement Framework: Design and Magnetohydrodynamic Solvers
• A torque formula for non-isothermal Type I planetary migration - II. Effects of diffusion
• Wind-driven Accretion in Protoplanetary Disks. I: Suppression of the Magnetorotational Instability and Launching of the Magnetocentrifugal Wind
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): II. Characteristics of Annular Substructures
• A torque formula for non-isothermal Type I planetary migration - I. Unsaturated horseshoe drag
• Linear and nonlinear evolution of the vertical shear instability in accretion discs
• Ring shaped dust accumulation in transition disks
• Observations of Protoplanetary Disk Structures
• Dust Filtration by Planet-Induced Gap Edges: Implications for Transitional Disks
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): VII. The Planet-Disk Interactions Interpretation
• Zonal Flows and Long-Lived Axisymmetric Pressure Bumps in Magnetorotational Turbulence
• Observations of gas flows inside a protoplanetary gap
• Mass Flow and Accretion through gaps in Accretion Discs
• Gaps, Rings, and Non-Axisymmetric Structures in Protoplanetary Disks - From Simulations to ALMA Observations
• Evidence of fast pebble growth near condensation fronts in the HL Tau protoplanetary disk
• A Kinematical Detection of Two Embedded Jupiter Mass Planets in HD 163296
• Dust filtration at gap edges: Implications for the spectral energy distributions of discs with embedded planets
• Planetary Torques as the Viscosity of Protoplanetary Disks
• Sintering-induced Dust Ring Formation in Protoplanetary Disks: Application to the HL Tau Disk
• Local Magnetohydrodynamical Models of Layered Accretion Disks
• Kinematic evidence for an embedded protoplanet in a circumstellar disc
• Observational Signatures of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks I: Gaps Opened by Single and Multiple Young Planets in Disks
• Global simulations of protoplanetary disks with ohmic resistivity and ambipolar diffusion
• Three-dimensional Calculations of High and Low-mass Planets Embedded in Protoplanetary Discs
• Global simulations of protoplanetary disks with net magnetic flux: I. Non-ideal MHD case
• Magnetic fields in protoplanetary disks
• Large-Scale Asymmetries in the Transitional Disks of SAO 206462 and SR 21
• Radial migration of gap-opening planets in protoplanetary disks. I. The case of a single planet
• How Empty are Disk Gaps Opened by Giant Planets?
• Close-in planetesimal formation by pile-up of drifting pebbles
• Accretion of Jupiter-mass Planets in the Limit of Vanishing Viscosity
• The Structure of Spiral Shocks Excited by Planetary-mass Companions
• Effect of Ambipolar Diffusion on the Non-linear Evolution of Magnetorotational Instability in Weakly Ionized Disks
• Bifurcation of planetary building blocks during Solar System formation
• Meridional flows in the disk around a young star
• MHD simulations of jet acceleration from Keplerian accretion disks: the effects of disk resistivity
• Hall-effect Controlled Gas Dynamics in Protoplanetary Disks: II. Full 3D Simulations toward the Outer Disk
• Heat and Dust in Active Layers of Protostellar Disks
• The minimum mass of detectable planets in protoplanetary discs and the derivation of planetary masses from high resolution observations
• Magneto-thermal Disk Wind from Protoplanetary Disks
• Turbulence In the Outer Regions of Protoplanetary Disks. II. Strong Accretion Driven by a Vertical Magnetic Field
• Magnetorotational Instability Driven Accretion in Protoplanetary Disks
• Kinematic detection of a planet carving a gap in a protoplanetary disc
• Global Simulations of the Inner Regions of Protoplanetary Disks with Comprehensive Disk Microphysics
• Gap Opening by Extremely Low Mass Planets in a Viscous Disk
• On the migration of protogiant solid cores
• Planet migration in three-dimensional radiative discs
• The Migration of Gap-Opening Planets is not Locked to Viscous Disk Evolution
• Vortex generation in protoplanetary disks with an embedded giant planet
• Migration of massive planets in accreting disks
• Cooling Requirements for the Vertical Shear Instability in Protoplanetary Disks
• Global Evolution of an Accretion Disk with Net Vertical Field: Coronal Accretion, Flux Transport, and Disk Winds
• On corotation torques, horseshoe drag and the possibility of sustained stalled or outward protoplanetary migration
• Particle Concentration At Planet Induced Gap Edges and Vortices: I. Inviscid 3-D Hydro Disks
• Type I Planetary Migration with MHD Turbulence
• Formation of a disc gap induced by a planet: Effect of the deviation from Keplerian disc rotation
• Mass constraint for a planet in a protoplanetary disk from the gap width
• An azimuthal asymmetry in the LkHa 330 disk
• Meridional circulation of gas into gaps opened by giant planets in three-dimensional low-viscosity disks
• Surface Layer Accretion in Conventional and Transitional Disks Driven by Far-Ultraviolet Ionization
• On the formation of multiple concentric rings and gaps in protoplanetary disks
• The interaction of a giant planet with a disc with MHD turbulence II: The interaction of the planet with the disc
• Wind-driven Accretion in Protoplanetary Disks --- II: Radial Dependence and Global Picture
• Magnetic Flux Concentration and Zonal Flows in Magnetorotational Instability Turbulence
• Planet formation signposts: observability of circumplanetary disks via gas kinematics
• The formation of rings and gaps in magnetically coupled disk-wind systems: ambipolar diffusion and reconnection
• Potential Vorticity Evolution of a Protoplanetary Disk with An Embedded Protoplanet
• On the coorbital corotation torque in a viscous disk and its impact on planetary migration
• What is the Mass of a Gap-Opening Planet?
• Gap Opening in 3D: Single Planet Gaps
• Planet-driven spiral arms in protoplanetary disks: I. Formation mechanism
• Saturated torque formula for planetary migration in viscous disks with thermal diffusion: recipe for protoplanet population synthesis
• Characterizing the variable dust permeability of planet-induced gaps
• Hall-effect Mediated Magnetic Flux Transport in Protoplanetary Disks
• The initial conditions for planet formation: Turbulence driven by hydrodynamical instabilities in disks around young stars
• Formation of close-in super-Earths in evolving protoplanetary disks due to disk winds
• Low mass planets in protoplanetary disks with net vertical magnetic fields: the Planetary Wake and Gap Opening
• Rossby wave instability at dead zone boundaries in 3D resistive magnetohydrodynamical global models of protoplanetary disks
• A systematic description of wind-driven protoplanetary discs
• Transport of magnetic flux and the vertical structure of accretion discs: II. Vertical profile of the diffusion coefficients
• Observability of planet-disc interactions in CO kinematics
• Ring formation and dust dynamics in wind-driven protoplanetary discs: global simulations
• Mapping the Conditions for Hydrodynamic Instability on Steady State Accretion Models of Protoplanetary Disks
• Turbulent transport and its effect on the dead zone in protoplanetary discs
• Modeling of deep gaps created by giant planets in protoplanetary discs
• Parametric Study of the Rossby Wave Instability in a Two-Dimensional Barotropic Disk
• The interaction of planets with a disc with MHD turbulence III: Flow morphology and conditions for gap formation in local and global simulations
• Global Three-Dimensional Simulations of Outer Protoplanetary Disks with Ambipolar Diffusion
• Perturbers: SPHERE detection limits to planetary-mass companions in protoplanetary disks
• Spontaneous ring formation in wind-emitting accretion discs
• Effects of the Planetary Temperature on the Circumplanetary Disk and on the Gap
• Long Term Evolution of Planet-Induced Vortices in Protoplanetary Disks
• Rossby Wave Instability in three dimensional discs
• Migrating super-Earths in low-viscosity discs: unveiling the roles of feedback, vortices, and laminar accretion flows
• The formation of rings and gaps in wind-launching non-ideal MHD disks: three-dimensional simulations
• Suppression of type I migration by disk winds
• Gap Formation by Planets in Turbulent Protostellar Disks
• Thermodynamics of Giant Planet Formation: Shocking Hot Surfaces on Circumplanetary Disks
• Efficiency of Particle Trapping in the Outer Regions of Protoplanetary Disks
• Radial Transport of Large-Scale Magnetic Fields in Accretion Disks. I. Steady Solutions and an Upper Limit on the Vertical Field Strength
• The Role of Tiny Grains on the Accretion Process in Protoplanetary Disks
• Dust and gas density evolution at a radial pressure bump in protoplanetary disks
• Revised description of dust diffusion and a new instability creating multiple rings in protoplanetary disks
• Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks as Signatures of Planets: II. Inclined Disks
• The accretion of migrating giant planets
• Is the ring inside or outside the planet?: The effect of planet migration on dust rings
• Effect of wind-driven accretion on planetary migration
• On Hydrodynamic Motions in Dead Zones
• Corotation torques experienced by planets embedded in weakly magnetized turbulent discs
• Meridional Circulation of Dust and Gas in the Circumstellar Disk: Delivery of Solids onto the Circumplanetary Region
• Wind-driven Accretion in Transitional Protostellar Disks
• Global Simulations of the Vertical Shear Instability with Non-ideal Magnetohydrodynamical Effects
• Observational Signatures of Tightly Wound Spirals Driven by Buoyancy Resonances in Protoplanetary Disks
• Non-ideal MHD simulation of HL Tau disk: formation of rings
• The Evolution of Protoplanetary Disk Edges
• A Multi-Fluid Dust Module in Athena++: Algorithms and Numerical Tests
• Puffed up Edges of Planet-opened Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks. I. hydrodynamic simulations
• An empirically-derived formula for the shape of planet-induced gaps in protoplanetary disks
• Migration of Jupiter mass planets in low viscosity discs
• Pileups and Migration Rates for Planets in Low Mass Disks
• Low-mass planet migration in three dimensional wind-driven inviscid discs: a negative corotation torque
• Paleomagnetic evidence for a disk substructure in the early solar system
• Turbulence in outer protoplanetary disks: MRI or VSI?
• Parametric Study of the Rossby Wave Instability in a Two-dimensional Barotropic Disk II: Non-Linear Calculations
• Retention of Long-Period Gas Giant Planets: Type II Migration Revisited
• Which planets trigger longer-lived vortices: low-mass or high-mass?
• Deep and wide gaps by super Earths in low-viscosity discs
• Magnetised Winds in Transition Discs I: 2.5D Global Simulations
• Rossby Wave Instability in Accretion Discs with Large-Scale Poloidal Magnetic Fields
• Gap opening by planets in discs with magnetised winds
• Cosmic-ray ionization rate in protoplanetary disks with sheared magnetic fields
• Migration of gap-opening planets in 3D stellar-irradiated accretion disks
• Testing velocity kinks as a planet-detection method: Do velocity kinks in surface gas emission trace planetary spiral wakes in the midplane continuum?
• Model of a gap formed by a planet with fast inward migration
• Investigating the possibility of reversing giant planet migration via gap edge illumination
• Dust Coagulation in the Vicinity of a Gap-Opening Jupiter-Mass Planet
• Estimating the depth of gaps opened by planets in eccentric orbit

Cited by in corpus (9)

• Chaotic Type I Migration in Turbulent Discs
• In-situ enrichment in heavy elements of hot Jupiters
• Distinguishing Magnetized Disc Winds from Turbulent Viscosity through Substructure Morphology in Planet-forming Discs
• The implications of stochastic gas torques for asymmetric binaries in the LISA band
• Gone with the wind: the outward migration of eccentric giant planets in windy disks
• Gap Opening in Protoplanetary Disks: Gas Dynamics from Global Non-ideal MHD Simulations with Consistent Thermochemistry
• Radiative Nonideal MHD Simulations of Inner Protoplanetary Disks: Temperature Structures, Asymmetric Winds, and Episodic Surface Accretion
• The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS). VII. Statistical comparison with the HARPS/Coralie survey
• The interplay between forming planets and photoevaporating discs II: Wind-driven gas redistribution