Meridional flows in the disk around a young star

Abstract

Protoplanetary disks are known to posses a stunning variety of substructure in the distribution of their mm~sized grains, predominantly seen as rings and gaps (Andrews et al. 2018), which are frequently interpreted as due to the shepherding of large grains by either hidden, still-forming planets within the disk (Zhang et al. 2018) or (magneto-)hydrodynamic instabilities (Flock et al. 2015). The velocity structure of the gas offers a unique probe of both the underlying mechanisms driving the evolution of the disk, the presence of embedded planets and characterising the transportation of material within the disk, such as following planet-building material from volatile-rich regions to the chemically-inert midplane, or detailing the required removal of angular momentum. Here we present the radial profiles of the three velocity components of gas in upper disk layers in the disk of HD 163296 as traced by 12CO molecular emission. These velocities reveal significant flows from the disk surface towards the midplane of disk at the radial locations of gaps argued to be opened by embedded planets (Isella et al. 2016, 2018, Teague et al. 2018, Pinte et al. 2018), bearing striking resemblance to meridional flows, long predicted to occur during the early stages of planet formation (Szulagyi et al. 2014, Morbidelli et al. 2014, Fung & Chiang 2016, Dong et al. 2019). In addition, a persistent radial outflow is seen at the outer edge of the disk, potentially the base of a wind associated with previously detected extended emission (Klaassen et al. 2013).

Author's version of the manuscript prior to editing. Full published version available at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1642-0

References in corpus (4)

• Gaps, Rings, and Non-Axisymmetric Structures in Protoplanetary Disks - From Simulations to ALMA Observations
• A Three-Dimensional View of Turbulence: Constraints on Turbulent Motions in the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk using DCO${}^{+}$
• Direct mapping of the temperature and velocity gradients in discs. Imaging the vertical CO snow line around IM Lupi
• Global magnetohydrodynamical models of turbulence in protoplanetary disks I. A cylindrical potential on a Cartesian grid and transport of solids

Cited by in corpus (53)

• A Circumplanetary Disk Around PDS70c
• Bifurcation of planetary building blocks during Solar System formation
• Nine localised deviations from Keplerian rotation in the DSHARP circumstellar disks: Kinematic evidence for protoplanets carving the gaps
• CO Depletion in Protoplanetary Disks: A Unified Picture Combining Physical Sequestration and Chemical Processing
• The efficiency of dust trapping in ringed proto-planetary discs
• Formation of Giant Planet Satellites
• Ring formation and dust dynamics in wind-driven protoplanetary discs: global simulations
• Gas Disk Sizes from CO Line Observations: A Test of Angular Momentum Evolution
• Size and structures of disks around very low mass stars in the Taurus star-forming region
• Midplane temperature and outer edge of the protoplanetary disk around HD 163296
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). A Circumplanetary Disk Candidate in Molecular Line Emission in the AS 209 Disk
• The TW Hya Rosetta Stone Project III: Resolving the Gaseous Thermal Profile of the Disk
• Comparison of planetary Hα-emission models: A new correlation with accretion luminosity
• The Disc Miner II: Revealing Gas substructures and Kinematic signatures from Planet-disc interaction through line profile analysis
• A highly non-Keplerian protoplanetary disc: Spiral structure in the gas disc of CQ Tau
• The evolution of protoplanetary discs in star formation and feedback simulations
• The composition of hot Jupiter atmospheres assembled within chemically evolved protoplanetary discs
• Mapping the Complex Kinematic Substructure in the TW Hya Disk
• Observing Carbon & Oxygen Carriers in Protoplanetary Disks at Mid-infrared Wavelengths
• The asymmetric inner disk of the Herbig Ae star HD 163296 in the eyes of VLTI/MATISSE: evidence for a vortex?
• A kinematically detected planet candidate in a transition disk
• Modest dust settling in the IRAS04302+2247 Class I protoplanetary disk
• Constraining Protoplanetary Disk Accretion and Young Planets Using ALMA Kinematic Observations
• Destruction of refractory carbon grains drives the final stage of proto-planetary disk chemistry
• Turbulence in outer protoplanetary disks: MRI or VSI?
• Building the Galilean moons system via pebble accretion and migration: A primordial resonant chain
• The GRAVITY Young Stellar Object Survey. VI. Mapping the variable inner disk of HD 163296 at sub-au scales
• The Observational Anatomy of Externally Photoevaporating Planet-Forming Discs I: Atomic Carbon
• The formation of wide exoKuiper belts from migrating dust traps
• [OI] 6300Å emission as a probe of external photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs
• The TW Hya Rosetta Stone Project IV: A hydrocarbon rich disk atmosphere
• Magnetohydrodynamics of protoplanetary discs
• The Molecular Composition of Shadowed Protosolar Disk Midplanes beyond the Water Snowline
• Circumplanetary disk ices. I. Ice formation vs. viscous evolution and grain drift
• Characteristics of small protoplanetary disc warps in kinematic observations
• First Images of the Protoplanetary Disk Around PDS 201
• A potential site for wide-orbit giant planet formation in the IM Lup disk
• Three-Dimensional Dust Stirring by a Giant Planet Embedded in a Protoplanetary Disk
• Hints of a Population of Solar System Analog Planets from ALMA
• Extreme Pebble Accretion in Ringed Protoplanetary Discs
• ALMA constraints on assembly of Core Accretion planets
• An APEX search for carbon emission from NGC 1977 proplyds
• A slim disc approach to external photoevaporation of discs
• Meridional Circulation driven by Planetary Spiral Wakes in Radiative and Magnetized Protoplanetary Discs
• Spreading pressure bumps in gas-dust discs can stall planet migration via planet-vortex interactions
• Dust ring and gap formation by gas flow induced by low-mass planets embedded in protoplanetary disks $\mathrm{I}$. Steady-state model
• Size-selective accretion of dust onto CPDs: Low CPD masses and filtration of larger grains
• Planetary Accretion Shocks with a Realistic Equation of State
• Variability of the Great Disk Shadow in Serpens
• New Mid-Infrared Imaging Constraints on Companions and Protoplanetary Disks around six Young Stars
• Observability of the Vertical Shear Instability in protoplanetary disk CO kinematics
• Mapping the 3D Kinematical Structure of the Gas Disk of HD 169142
• Gas and Dust Shadows in the TW Hydrae Disk