Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) XVII: Determining the 2D Thermal Structure of the HD 163296 Disk
arXiv:2109.06202 · doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac143f
Abstract
Understanding the temperature structure of protoplanetary disks is key to interpreting observations, predicting the physical and chemical evolution of the disk, and modeling planet formation processes. In this study, we constrain the two-dimensional thermal structure of the disk around Herbig Ae star HD 163296. Using the thermo-chemical code RAC2D, we derive a thermal structure that reproduces spatially resolved ALMA observations (~0.12 arcsec (13 au) - 0.25 arcsec (26 au)) of CO J = 2-1, 13CO J = 1-0, 2-1, C18O J = 1-0, 2-1, and C17O J = 1-0, the HD J = 1-0 flux upper limit, the spectral energy distribution (SED), and continuum morphology. The final model incorporates both a radial depletion of CO motivated by a time scale shorter than typical CO gas-phase chemistry (0.01 Myr) and an enhanced temperature near the surface layer of the the inner disk (z/r <= 0.21). This model agrees with the majority of the empirically derived temperatures and observed emitting surfaces derived from the J = 2-1 CO observations. We find an upper limit for the disk mass of 0.35 Msun, using the upper limit of the HD J = 1-0 and J = 2-1 flux. With our final thermal structure, we explore the impact that gaps have on the temperature structure constrained by observations of the resolved gaps. Adding a large gap in the gas and small dust additionally increases gas temperature in the gap by only 5-10%. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
15 pages + 11 pages of appendix, accepted to ApJS, part of MAPS collaboration
References in corpus (27)
- Complex Chemistry in Star-Forming Regions: An Expanded Gas-Grain Warm-up Chemical Model
- Evidence of fast pebble growth near condensation fronts in the HL Tau protoplanetary disk
- Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) I: Program Overview and Highlights
- Meridional flows in the disk around a young star
- Mass Estimates of a Giant Planet in a Protoplanetary Disk from the Gap Structures
- Protoplanetary disk masses from CO isotopologues line emission
- Mass measurements in protoplanetary disks from hydrogen deuteride
- Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) V: CO gas distributions
- Nine localised deviations from Keplerian rotation in the DSHARP circumstellar disks: Kinematic evidence for protoplanets carving the gaps
- Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) IV: Emission Surfaces and Vertical Distribution of Molecules
- Millimeter imaging of HD 163296: probing the disk structure and kinematics
- Excess C/O and C/H in outer protoplanetary disk gas
- Robustness of N2H+ as tracer of the CO snowline
- Water vapor distribution in protoplanetary disks
- Polarized disk emission from Herbig Ae/Be stars observed using Gemini Planet Imager: HD 144432, HD 150193, HD 163296, and HD 169142
- The HD 163296 Circumstellar Disk in Scattered Light: Evidence of Time-Variable Self-Shadowing
- Exploring the Origins of Carbon in Terrestrial Worlds
- HD far infrared emission as a measure of protoplanetary disk mass
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Protoplanetary Disks around Herbig Ae/Be and T Tauri Stars
- Shadows and cavities in protoplanetary disks: HD163296, HD141569A, and HD150193A in polarized light
- New Constraints From Dust Lines On The Surface Densities Of Protoplanetary Disks
- Scattered light shadows in warped protoplanetary discs
- The TW Hya Rosetta Stone Project III: Resolving the Gaseous Thermal Profile of the Disk
- Mass constraints for 15 protoplanetary disks from HD 1-0
- Measuring protoplanetary disk gas surface density profiles with ALMA
- Planet Shadows in Protoplanetary Disks. I: Temperature Perturbations
- FUV Irradiation and the Heat Signature of Accretion in Protoplanetary Disk Atmospheres