exoALMA. XVII. Characterizing the Gas Dynamics around Dust Asymmetries

Abstract

The key planet-formation processes in protoplanetary disks remain an active matter of research. One promising mechanism to radially and azimuthally trap millimeter-emitting dust grains, enabling them to concentrate and grow into planetesimals, is anticyclonic vortices. While dust observations have revealed crescent structures in several disks, observations of their kinematic signatures are still lacking. Studying the gas dynamics is, however, essential to confirm the presence of a vortex and understand its dust trapping properties. In this work, we make use of the high-resolution and sensitivity observations conducted by the exoALMA large program to search for such signatures in the ${}^{12}$CO and ${}^{13}$CO molecular line emission of four disks with azimuthal dust asymmetries: HD 135344B, HD 143006, HD 34282, and MWC 758. To assess the vortex features, we constructed an analytical vortex model and performed hydrodynamical simulations. For the latter, we assumed two scenarios: a vortex triggered at the edge of a dead zone and of a gap created by a massive embedded planet. These models reveal a complex kinematical morphology of the vortex. When compared to the data, we find that none of the sources show a distinctive vortex signature around the dust crescents in the kinematics.

19 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, This paper is part of the exoALMA Focus Issue of The Astrophysical Journal Letters

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• exoALMA IV: Substructures, Asymmetries, and the Faint Outer Disk in Continuum Emission
• exoALMA. VI. Rotating under Pressure: Rotation curves, azimuthal velocity substructures, and pressure variations
• exoALMA. VIII. Probabilistic Moment Maps and Data Products using Non-parametric Linear Models
• The Circumbinary Disk of HD 34700A: I. CO gas kinematics indicate spirals, infall, and vortex motions
• exoALMA XXI: The Morphology and Dynamics of Vertical Flows
• exoALMA XX: Tomographic Detection of Embedded Planets in Protoplanetary Disks
• The Circumbinary Disc of HD 34700A II. Analysis of a strong dust asymmetry
• Gas dynamics around dust asymmetries in turbulent disks