Shadows cast on the transition disk of HD 135344B. Multiwavelength VLT/SPHERE polarimetric differential imaging

Abstract

The protoplanetary disk around the F-type star HD 135344B (SAO 206462) is in a transition stage and shows many intriguing structures both in scattered light and thermal (sub-)millimeter emission which are possibly related to planet formation processes. We study the morphology and surface brightness of the disk in scattered light to gain insight into the innermost disk regions, the formation of protoplanets, planet-disk interactions traced in the surface and midplane layers, and the dust grain properties of the disk surface. We have carried out high-contrast polarimetric differential imaging (PDI) observations with VLT/SPHERE and obtained polarized scattered light images with ZIMPOL in R- and I-band and with IRDIS in Y- and J-band. The scattered light images reveal with unprecedented angular resolution and sensitivity the spiral arms as well as the 25 au cavity of the disk. Multiple shadow features are discovered on the outer disk with one shadow only being present during the second observation epoch. A positive surface brightness gradient is observed in the stellar irradiation corrected images in southwest direction possibly due to an azimuthally asymmetric perturbation of the temperature and/or surface density by the passing spiral arms. The disk integrated polarized flux, normalized to the stellar flux, shows a positive trend towards longer wavelengths which we attribute to large aggregate dust grains in the disk surface. Part of the the non-azimuthal polarization signal in the Uphi image of the J-band observation could be the result of multiple scattering in the disk. The detected shadow features and their possible variability have the potential to provide insight into the structure of and processes occurring in the innermost disk regions.

Accepted for publication in A&A, 20 pages, 15 figures

References in corpus (14)

• Ring shaped dust accumulation in transition disks
• Dust filtration at gap edges: Implications for the spectral energy distributions of discs with embedded planets
• Asymmetric features in the protoplanetary disk MWC758
• Radiative transfer in very optically thick circumstellar disks
• Shadows cast by a warp in the HD 142527 protoplanetary disk
• LkH$\alpha$ 330: Evidence for dust clearing through resolved submillimeter imaging
• Characterising the Gravitational Instability in Cooling Accretion Discs
• Gas density drops inside dust cavities of transitional disks around young stars observed with ALMA
• Gas and Dust Emission at the Outer Edge of Protoplanetary Disks
• Astrometry and Photometry with Coronagraphs
• HD100546 Multi-Epoch Scattered-Light Observations
• Accurate Astrometry and Photometry of Saturated and Coronagraphic Point Spread Functions
• Constraining the structure of the transition disk HD 135344B (SAO 206462) by simultaneous modeling of multiwavelength gas and dust observations
• High-contrast imaging constraints on gas giant planet formation - The Herbig Ae/Be star opportunity

Cited by in corpus (141)

• SPHERE: the exoplanet imager for the Very Large Telescope
• Disks ARound TTauri Stars with Sphere (DARTTS-S) I: Sphere / IRDIS Polarimetric Imaging of 8 prominent TTauri Disks
• On the diversity and statistical properties of protostellar discs
• Shadows and spirals in the protoplanetary disk HD 100453
• Kinematic detection of a planet carving a gap in a protoplanetary disc
• Circumbinary, not transitional: On the spiral arms, cavity, shadows, fast radial flows, streamers and horseshoe in the HD142527 disc
• The Eccentric Cavity, Triple Rings, Two-Armed Spirals, and Double Clumps of the MWC 758 Disk
• On the formation of multiple concentric rings and gaps in protoplanetary disks
• Flybys in protoplanetary discs: I. Gas and dust dynamics
• SPHERE / ZIMPOL high resolution polarimetric imager. I. System overview, PSF parameters, coronagraphy, and polarimetry
• What is the Mass of a Gap-Opening Planet?
• Evolution of protoplanetary disks from their taxonomy in scattered light: spirals, rings, cavities, and shadows
• Signatures of broken protoplanetary discs in scattered light and in sub-millimetre observations
• The polarimetric imaging mode of VLT/SPHERE/IRDIS I: Description, data reduction and observing strategy
• On the diversity of asymmetries in gapped protoplanetary disks
• Evidence for a massive dust-trapping vortex connected to spirals: a multi-wavelength analysis of the HD~135344B protoplanetary disk
• Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): Late infall causing disk misalignment and dynamic structures in SU Aur
• The complex morphology of the young disk MWC 758: Spirals and dust clumps around a large cavity
• Homogeneous Analysis of the Dust Morphology of Transition Disks Observed with ALMA: Investigating dust trapping and the origin of the cavities
• Shadows and asymmetries in the T Tauri disk HD 143006: Evidence for a misaligned inner disk
• Planet-driven spiral arms in protoplanetary disks: I. Formation mechanism
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): X. Multiple rings, a misaligned inner disk, and a bright arc in the disk around the T Tauri star HD 143006
• An inner warp in the DoAr 44 T Tauri transition disk
• Inclined Massive Planets in a Protoplanetary Disc: Gap Opening, Disc Breaking, and Observational Signatures
• The circumstellar disk HD169142: gas, dust and planets acting in concert?
• Spiral arms in the proto-planetary disc HD100453 detected with ALMA: evidence for binary-disc interaction and a vertical temperature gradient
• Spiral Arms in Disks: Planets or Gravitational Instability?
• A search for accreting young companions embedded in circumstellar disks: High-contrast H$\alpha$ imaging with VLT/SPHERE
• Disks Around T Tauri Stars with SPHERE (DARTTS-S) II: Twenty-one new polarimetric images of young stellar disks
• Misaligned disks induced by infall
• Flybys in protoplanetary discs: II. Observational signatures
• Dust modeling of the combined ALMA and SPHERE datasets of HD163296. Is HD163296 really a Meeus group II disk?
• Perturbers: SPHERE detection limits to planetary-mass companions in protoplanetary disks
• Variable Outer Disk Shadowing Around the Dipper Star RX J1604.3-2130
• Evolution of protoplanetary disks from their taxonomy in scattered light: Group I vs. Group II
• Are Inner Disc Misalignments Common? ALMA Reveals an Isotropic Outer Disc Inclination Distribution for Young Dipper Stars
• Planet-driven spiral arms in protoplanetary disks: II. Implications
• A Tale of Planet Formation: From Dust to Planets
• Variable dynamics in the inner disk of HD 135344B revealed with multi-epoch scattered light imaging
• Testing giant planet formation in the transitional disk of SAO 206462 using deep VLT/SPHERE imaging
• Shadowing and multiple rings in the protoplanetary disk of HD 139614
• Spatial segregation of dust grains in transition disks. SPHERE observations of 2MASS J16083070-3828268 and RXJ1852.3-3700
• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Protoplanetary Disks around Herbig Ae/Be and T Tauri Stars
• Warping a protoplanetary disc with a planet on an inclined orbit
• Connecting the shadows: probing inner disk geometries using shadows in transitional disks
• Scattered light mapping of protoplanetary disks
• Differences in the gas and dust distribution in the transitional disk of a sun-like young star, PDS 70
• A dusty filament and turbulent CO spirals in HD135344B-SAO206462
• Predicting the kinematic evidence of gravitational instability
• The mass and size of Herbig disks as seen by ALMA
• A Multi-Wavelength Analysis of Dust and Gas in the SR 24S Transition Disk
• The HIP 79977 debris disk in polarized light
• Kinematics and brightness temperatures of transition discs -- A survey of gas substructures as seen with ALMA
• Generating large misalignments in gapped and binary discs
• Spiral arms in thermally stratified protoplanetary discs
• Is the spiral morphology of the Elias 2-27 circumstellar disc due to gravitational instability?
• New constraints on the disk characteristics and companion candidates around T Cha with VLT/SPHERE
• ALMA study of the HD 100453 AB system and the tidal interaction of the companion with the disk
• MAYONNAISE: a morphological components analysis pipeline for circumstellar disks and exoplanets imaging in the near infrared
• Spirals inside the millimeter cavity of transition disk SR 21
• Multiple Spiral Arms in Protoplanetary Disks: Linear Theory
• Planetary-like spirals caused by moving shadows in transition discs
• First scattered light detection of a nearly edge-on transition disk around the T Tauri star RY Lup
• Using Data Imputation for Signal Separation in High Contrast Imaging
• Herbig Stars: A Quarter Century of Progress
• HD142527: Quantitative disk polarimetry with SPHERE
• Observing the linked depletion of dust and CO gas at 0.1-10 au in disks of intermediate-mass stars
• The temporal requirements of directly observing self-gravitating spiral waves in protoplanetary discs with ALMA
• The Giant Accreting Protoplanet Survey (GAPlanetS) -- Results from a Six Year Campaign to Image Accreting Protoplanets
• Irregular dust features around intermediate-mass young stars with GPI: signs of youth or misaligned disks?
• Observational diagnostics of elongated planet-induced vortices with realistic planet formation timescales
• What happened before? -- The disks around the precursors of young Herbig Ae/Be stars
• On The Secular Evolution of GG Tau A Circumbinary Disc: A Msialigned Disc Scenario
• Subaru/HiCIAO $H{K}_{\mathrm{s}}$ imaging of LkH$\alpha$ 330 - multi-band detection of the gap and spiral-like structures
• The Spiral Wave Instability Induced by a Giant Planet: I. Particle Stirring in the Inner Regions of Protoplanetary Disks
• A Decade of MWC 758 Disk Images: Where Are the Spiral-Arm-Driving Planets?
• Probing planet formation and disk substructures in the inner disk of Herbig Ae stars with CO rovibrational emission
• A "Rosetta Stone" for protoplanetary disks: The synergy of multi-wavelength observations
• Multi-epoch monitoring of the AA Tau like star V354 Mon - Indications for a low gas-to-dust ratio in the inner disk warp
• Discovery of a directly imaged disk in scattered light around the Sco-Cen member Wray 15-788
• Dusty spirals triggered by shadows in transition discs
• Forbidden emission lines in protostellar outflows and jets with MUSE
• Observed polarized scattered light phase functions of planet-forming disks
• Spiral Arm Pattern Motion in the SAO 206462 Protoplanetary Disk
• Parametric instability in a free evolving warped protoplanetary disc
• Insights into the inner regions of the FU Orionis disc
• The water-ice feature in near-infrared disk-scattered light around HD 142527: Micron-sized icy grains lifted up to the disk surface?
• Is the gap in the DS Tau disc hiding a planet?
• Chemical signatures of a warped protoplanetary disc
• Multi-wavelength observations of protoplanetary discs as a proxy for the gas disc mass
• Particle Dynamics in 3D Self-gravitating Disks I: Spirals
• Quantitative polarimetry of the disk around HD 169142
• Constraints on the (re-)orientation of star-disk systems through infall
• Spiral density waves and vertical circulation in protoplanetary discs
• Nonlinear resonant torus oscillations as a model of Keplerian disc warp dynamics
• Systematic Multi-Epoch Monitoring of LkCa 15: Dynamic Dust Structures on Solar-System Scales
• Iterative Angular Differential Imaging (IADI): An exploration of recovering disk structures in scattered light with an iterative ADI approach
• Resolved imaging of the AR Puppis circumbinary disk
• exoALMA. XVII. Characterizing the Gas Dynamics around Dust Asymmetries
• Synthetic molecular line observations of the first hydrostatic core from chemical calculations
• Apparent motion of the circumstellar envelope of CQ Tau in scattered light
• The Appearance of Vortices in Protoplanetary Disks in Near-Infrared Scattered Light
• Calibration of residual aberrations in exoplanet imagers with large numbers of degrees of freedom
• Space-Based Coronagraphic Imaging Polarimetry of the TW Hydrae Disk: Shedding New Light on Self-Shadowing Effects
• The circumstellar environment of EX Lup: the SPHERE and SINFONI views
• Radiative scale-height and shadows in protoplanetary disks
• The protoplanetary disc around HD 169142: circumstellar or circumbinary?
• Circumstellar discs: What will be next?
• High resolution ALMA and HST imaging of $\kappa$CrB: a broad debris disc around a post-main sequence star with low-mass companions
• A model grid for the reflected light from transition disks
• Quantitative polarimetry for the transition disk in RX J1604.3-213010
• Dust mass in protoplanetary disks with porous dust opacities
• Dust entrainment in photoevaporative winds: Synthetic observations of transition disks
• NaCo polarimetric observations of Sz 91 transitional disk: a remarkable case of dust filtering
• Direct Measurement of Extinction in a Planet-Hosting Gap
• Color measurements of the polarized light scattered by the dust in protoplanetary disks
• SUBARU Near-Infrared Imaging Polarimetry of Misaligned Disks Around The SR24 Hierarchical Triple System
• Distributions of gas and small and large grains in the LkH$\alpha 330$ disk trace a young planetary system
• Asymmetric Signatures of Warps in Edge-on Disks
• The likelihood of not detecting cavity-carving companions in transition discs -- A statistical approach
• LBT search for companions and sub-structures in the (pre)transitional disk of AB Aurigae
• Extreme scale height variations and nozzle shocks in warped disks
• Planet-forming disks and their environment across regions and time from the full NIR census
• Multi-band reflectance and shadowing of RX J1604.3-2130 protoplanetary disk in scattered light
• Scattering and sublimation: a multi-scale view of $\mu$m-sized dust in the inclined disc of HD 145718
• Observable scattered light features from inclined and non-inclined planets embedded in protoplanetary discs
• Late encounter-events as a source of disks and spiral structures -- Forming second generation disks
• A multiwavelength analysis of the spiral arms in the protoplanetary disk around WaOph 6
• exoALMA XX: Tomographic Detection of Embedded Planets in Protoplanetary Disks
• Probing inner and outer disk misalignments in transition disks
• Observational Signatures of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks: Temperature structures in spiral arms
• exoALMA XXIII. Estimating Disk and Planet Properties from Dust Morphologies with DBNets2.0
• A SPHERE survey of self-shadowed planet-forming disks
• Resolution and calibration effects in high contrast polarimetric imaging of circumstellar scattering regions
• Constraining the mass of the planet(s) sculpting a disk cavity. The intriguing case of 2MASS J16042165-2130284
• Science with MATISSE
• Modelling shadows in scattered light observations as signals from companions in protoplanetary discs
• Scattered light signatures of flyby-induced warps in protoplanetary discs
• Feasibility of interferometric observations and characterization of planet-induced structures at sub au to au scales in protoplanetary disks
• Nonlinear behaviour of warped discs around a central object with a quadrupole moment
• Spiral structure generated by major planets in proto-planetary disks: the role of periodic orbits near resonance