The Gemini Planet Imager: First Light

Abstract

The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a dedicated facility for directly imaging and spectroscopically characterizing extrasolar planets. It combines a very high-order adaptive optics system, a diffraction-suppressing coronagraph, and an integral field spectrograph with low spectral resolution but high spatial resolution. Every aspect of GPI has been tuned for maximum sensitivity to faint planets near bright stars. During first light observations, we achieved an estimated H band Strehl ratio of 0.89 and a 5-sigma contrast of $10^6$ at 0.75 arcseconds and $10^5$ at 0.35 arcseconds. Observations of Beta Pictoris clearly detect the planet, Beta Pictoris b, in a single 60-second exposure with minimal post-processing. Beta Pictoris b is observed at a separation of $434\pm 6$ milli-arcseconds and position angle $211.8\pm 0.5$ deg. Fitting the Keplerian orbit of Beta Pic b using the new position together with previous astrometry gives a factor of three improvement in most parameters over previous solutions. The planet orbits at a semi-major axis of $9.0_{-0.4}^{+0.8}$ AU near the 3:2 resonance with the previously-known 6 AU asteroidal belt and is aligned with the inner warped disk. The observations give a 4% posterior probability of a transit of the planet in late 2017.

9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci

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• The InfraRed Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: Overview of innovative science programs
• Adaptive optics in high-contrast imaging
• Unveiling wide-orbit companions to K-type stars in Sco-Cen with Gaia EDR3
• A Chromaticity Analysis and PSF Subtraction Techniques for SCExAO/CHARIS data
• The polarization-encoded self-coherent camera
• CROCODILE \\ Incorporating medium-resolution spectroscopy of close-in directly imaged exoplanets into atmospheric retrievals via cross-correlation
• X-SHYNE: X-Shooter spectra of young exoplanet analogs II. Presentation and analysis of the full library
• PeX 1. Multi-spectral expansion of residual speckles for planet detection
• Deep Contrast and Companion Detection Using the EvWaCo Testbed Equipped with an Achromatic Focal Plane Mask and an Adjustable Inner Working Angle
• Effects of Mirror Seeing on High-Contrast Adaptive Optics Instruments
• Development of an ELT XAO testbed using a Mach-Zehnder wavefront sensor: calibration of the deformable mirror
• Low-order wavefront control using a Zernike sensor through Lyot coronagraphs for exoplanet imaging: II. Concurrent operation with stroke minimization
• Detection of a low-mass stellar companion to the accelerating A2IV star HR 1645
• Efficiently combining Alpha CenA multi-epoch high-contrast imaging data. Application of K-Stacker to the 80 hrs NEAR campaign
• Quadrant polarization parameters for the scattered light of circumstellar disks. Analysis of debris disk models and observations of HR 4796A
• 3D-M3: High-spatial resolution spectroscopy with extreme AO and 3D printed micro-lenslets
• Exoplanet Atmosphere Measurements from Direct Imaging
• CHARIS Science: Performance Simulations for the Subaru Telescope's Third-Generation of Exoplanet Imaging Instrumentation
• Vector speckle grid: instantaneous incoherent speckle grid for high-precision astrometry and photometry in high-contrast imaging
• Characterization of the Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector of the Gemini Planet Imager
• APLC-Optimization: an apodized pupil Lyot coronagraph design survey toolkit
• WIde Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): Two directly imaged exoplanets around the Sun-like stellar binary WISPIT 1
• MagAO Imaging of Long-period Objects (MILO). II. A Puzzling White Dwarf around the Sun-like Star HD 11112
• SEEDS direct imaging of the RV-detected companion to V450 Andromedae, and characterization of the system
• High-contrast imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT): 2. Design overview and first light results
• Investigating the nature of the extended structure around the Herbig star RCrA using integral field and high-resolution spectroscopy
• High-Contrast Integral Field Spectrograph (HCIFS): multi-spectral wavefront control and reduced-dimensional system identification
• Gemini Planet imager Observational Calibrations X: Non-Redundant Masking on GPI
• An optimised survey strategy for the ERIS/NIX imager: searching for young giant exoplanets and very low mass brown dwarfs using the K-peak custom photometric filter
• Enabling the next generation of scientific discoveries by embracing photonic technologies
• Scattering and sublimation: a multi-scale view of $\mu$m-sized dust in the inclined disc of HD 145718
• ISPY -- NaCo Imaging Survey for Planets around Young stars. CenteR: the impact of centering and frame selection
• Planet-forming disks and their environment across regions and time from the full NIR census
• Fundamental limit of single-mode integral-field spectroscopy
• Companion Mass Limits for 17 Binary Systems Obtained with Binary Differential Imaging and MagAO/Clio
• Apodized Pupil Lyot Coronagraphs with arbitrary aperture telescopes: novel designs using hybrid focal plane masks
• Model of the Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence with Coronagraphic Imaging
• Spectral cube extraction for the VLT/SPHERE IFS: Open-source pipeline with full forward modeling and improved sensitivity
• Gemini Planet Imager integration to the Gemini South telescope software environment
• Quantum Limits on Localizing Point Objects against a Uniformly Bright Disk
• Calibration of the instrumental polarization effects of SCExAO-CHARIS' spectropolarimetric mode
• Exploiting symmetries and progressive refinement for apodized pupil Lyot coronagraph design
• CHARA/MIRC-X -- a high-sensitive six telescope interferometric imager concept, commissioning, and early science
• 2MASS J04435686+3723033 B: A Young Companion at the Substellar Boundary with Potential Membership in the $\beta$ Pictoris Moving Group
• Direct High-Resolution Imaging of Earth-Like Exoplanets
• The mid-infrared spectrum of $\beta$ Pictoris b. First VLTI/MATISSE interferometric observations of an exoplanet
• Focal Plane Tip-Tilt Sensing for Improved Single-Mode Fiber Coupling using a 3D-printed Microlens-Ring
• HD 143811 AB b: A Directly Imaged Planet Orbiting a Spectroscopic Binary in Sco-Cen
• Mock Observations for the CSST Mission: CPI-C -- Targets for High Contrast Imaging
• Performance of the Gemini Planet Imager Non-Redundant Mask and spectroscopy of two close-separation binaries HR 2690 and HD 142527
• Cascade adaptive optics with a second stage based on a Zernike wavefront sensor for exoplanet observations
• Polarimetric differential imaging with VLT/NACO. A comprehensive PDI pipeline for NACO data (PIPPIN)
• Automated Alignment and On-Sky Performance of the Gemini Planet Imager Coronagraph
• RHAPSODIE: Reconstruction of High-contrAst Polarized SOurces and Deconvolution for cIrcumstellar Environments
• Gaia: The Astrometry Revolution
• Design and experimental test of an optical vortex coronagraph
• HD 165054: an astrometric calibration field for high-contrast imagers in Baade's Window
• Commissioning and performance results of the WFIRST/PISCES integral field spectrograph
• High-contrast spectroscopy testbed for Segmented Telescopes: instrument overview and development progress
• The Disks In Scorpius-Centaurus Survey (DISCS) I: Four Newly-Resolved Debris Disks in Polarized Intensity Light
• Exoplanet direct imaging in ground-based conditions on THD2 bench
• Combining high-contrast imaging with high-resolution spectroscopy: Actual on-sky MIRI/MRS results compared to expectations
• Characterisation of a turbulent module for the MITHIC high-contrast imaging testbed
• Exoplanets: Possible Biosignatures
• Machine learning for exoplanet detection in high-contrast spectroscopy Combining cross correlation maps and deep learning on medium-resolution integral-field spectra
• K-Stacker, an algorithm to hack the orbital parameters of planets hidden in high-contrast imaging. First applications to VLT SPHERE multi-epoch observations
• On-sky low order non-common path correction of the GPI Calibration Unit
• On-sky results for the novel integrated micro-lens ring tip-tilt sensor
• The Phase Induced Amplitude Apodizer and Nuller -- High transmission, high dispersion coronagraphy at 2λ/D
• The SPHERE view of multiple star formation
• Stellar halo subtraction alternative for accreting companions' characterization with integral field spectroscopy: Analytical and on-sky demonstration on the PDS70, HTLup, and YSES1 systems
• An Alternating Minimization Algorithm with Trajectory for Direct Exoplanet Detection -- The AMAT Algorithm
• Enabling Discoveries: Thirty Years of Advanced Technologies and Instrumentation at the National Science Foundation
• Investigating the System Configuration of Kepler-451 through Orbital Period Variations: Dynamical and Magnetic Interpretations
• Computing the Electronic Gain for Detectors Read Out Up-The-Ramp
• Characterization of stellar companion from high-contrast long-slit spectroscopy data: The EXtraction Of SPEctrum of COmpanion (EXOSPECO) algorithm
• Optical Turbulence forecast: new perspectives
• Bringing high-spectral resolution to VLT/SPHERE with a fibre coupling to VLT/CRIRES+
• SCExAO, a testbed for developing high-contrast imaging technologies for ELTs
• A method to directly image exoplanets in multi-star systems such as Alpha-Centauri
• From Colors to Chemistry: A Combined Lenslet/Slicer IFS for Medium-Resolution Spectroscopy
• Full characterization of the instrumental polarization effects of the spectropolarimetric mode of SCExAO-CHARIS
• Lessons learned from SPHERE for the astrometric strategy of the next generation of exoplanet imaging instruments
• Simulation of a method to directly image exoplanets around multiple stars systems
• Simulations of polarimetric observations of debris disks through the Roman Coronagraph Instrument
• Efficient wavefront sensing for space-based adaptive optics
• Low-order wavefront control using a Zernike sensor through Lyot coronagraphs for exoplanet imaging
• Effects of differential wavefront sensor bias drifts on high contrast imaging
• The Effects of Binary Reference Stars on JWST NIRCam Coronagraphy
• Toward the Analysis of JWST Exoplanet Spectra: the effective temperature in the context of direct imaging
• Identification and adaptive control of a high-contrast focal plane wavefront correction system
• Pioneering high contrast science instruments for planet characterization on giant segmented mirror telescopes
• CD-27 11535: Evidence for a Triple System in the $\beta$ Pictoris Moving Group
• Developing Linear Dark-Field Control for Exoplanet Direct Imaging in the Laboratory and on Ground-based Telescopes
• Improving VLT/SPHERE without additional hardware: Comparing quasi-static correction strategies
• Optical turbulence forecast in the Adaptive Optics realm
• Analyzing the Atmospheric Dispersion Correction of the Gemini Planet Imager: residual dispersion above design requirements
• On-sky performance and recent results from the Subaru coronagraphic extreme adaptive optics system
• On-sky compensation of non-common path aberrations with the ZELDA wavefront sensor in VLT/SPHERE
• A Multi-Wavelength Study of the Highly Asymmetrical Debris Disk Around HD 111520
• The influence of stellar activity on detecting Earth-like planets via nulling interferometry
• The Three-Sided PyramidWavefront Sensor. I. Simulations and Analysis for Astronomical Adaptive Optics
• Performance and Early Science with the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics Project
• Dual-Beam Optical Linear Polarimetry from Southern Skies. Characterisation of CasPol for high precision polarimetry
• The Santa Cruz Extreme AO Lab (SEAL): Design and First Light