A critical reassessment of the fundamental properties of GJ 504: Chemical composition and age

Abstract

The recent development of brand new observational techniques and theoretical models have greatly advanced the exoplanet research field. Despite significant achievements, which have allowed the detection of thousands extrasolar systems, a comprehensive understanding of planetary formation and evolution mechanisms is still desired. One relevant limitation is given by the accuracy in the measurements of planet-host star ages. The star GJ 504 has been found to host a substellar companion whose nature is strongly debated. There has been a recent difference of opinion in the literature owing to the uncertainty on the age of the system: a young age of $\sim$ 160 Myr would imply a giant planet as a companion, but a recent revision pointing to a solar age ($\sim$ 4 Gyr) instead suggests a brown dwarf. With the aim of shedding light on this debated topic, we have carried out a high-resolution spectroscopic study of GJ 504 to derive stellar parameters, metallicity, and abundances of both light and heavy elements, providing a full chemical characterisation. The main objective is to infer clues on the evolutionary stage (hence the age) of this system. We performed a strictly differential (line-by-line) analysis of GJ 504 with respect to two reference stars, that is the planet-host dwarf $\iota$ Hor and the subgiant HIP 84827. The former is crucial in this context because its stellar parameters (hence the evolutionary stage) is well constrained from asteroseismic observations. Regardless of the zero point offsets, our differential approach allows us to put tight constraints on the age of GJ 504 with respect to $\iota$ Hor, thereby minimising the internal uncertainties. We found that the surface gravity of GJ 504 is 0.2 $\pm$ 0.07 dex lower than that of the main-sequence star $\iota$ Hor, suggesting a past turn-off evolution[...]

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in A&A. 10 pages, 7 figures. Abstract shortened

References in corpus (48)

• The chemical composition of the Sun
• PARSEC: stellar tracks and isochrones with the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code
• Improved Age Estimation for Solar-Type Dwarfs Using Activity-Rotation Diagnostics
• Exploring the Milky Way stellar disk. A detailed elemental abundance study of 714 F and G dwarf stars in the Solar neighbourhood
• The Gemini Planet Imager: First Light
• Radial Velocities for 889 Late-type Stars
• On the Luminosity of Young Jupiters
• Late-type stars members of young stellar kinematic groups - I. Single stars
• A new code for automatic determination of equivalent widths: Automatic Routine for line Equivalent widths in stellar Spectra (ARES)
• The Runts of the Litter: Why planets formed through gravitational instability can only be failed binary stars
• BANYAN. II. Very Low Mass and Substellar Candidate Members to Nearby, Young Kinematic Groups With Previously Known Signs of Youth
• Time scales of Li evolution: a homogeneous analysis of open clusters from ZAMS to late-MS
• Direct Imaging of a Cold Jovian Exoplanet in Orbit around the Sun-like Star GJ 504
• Synthetic Spectra and Colors of Young Giant Planet Atmospheres: Effects of Initial Conditions and Atmospheric Metallicity
• Oxygen Abundances in Nearby FGK Stars and the Galactic Chemical Evolution of the Local Disk and Halo
• Patterns of photometric and chromospheric variation among Sun-like stars: A 20-year perspective
• Tidal dissipation in binary systems
• Discovery of a 1.6-year Magnetic Activity Cycle in the Exoplanet Host Star iota Horologii
• The origin and evolution of the odd-Z iron-peak elements Sc, V, Mn, and Co in the Milky Way stellar disk
• The Twenty-Five Year Lick Planet Search
• Li depletion in solar analogues with exoplanets: Extending the sample
• Enhanced production of barium in low-mass stars: evidence from open clusters
• Parent Stars of Extrasolar Planets. X. Lithium Abundances and vsini Revisited
• Non-LTE abundances of Mg and K in extremely metal-poor stars and the evolution of [O/Mg], [Na/Mg], [Al/Mg] and [K/Mg] in the Milky Way
• 18 Sco: a solar twin rich in refractory and neutron-capture elements. Implications for chemical tagging
• First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE. I. Detection and characterization of the sub-stellar companion GJ 758 B
• Abundances of neutron-capture elements in stars of the galactic disk substructures
• The VLT/NaCo Large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs in wide orbits: I- Sample definition and characterization
• Stellar Activity in the Broad-Band Ultraviolet
• Metallicity of solar-type stars with debris discs and planets
• Tidally-driven Roche-Lobe Overflow of Hot Jupiters with MESA
• Elemental abundances of low-mass stars in nearby young associations: AB Doradus, Carina Near, and Ursa Major
• Chemical signatures of planets: beyond solar-twins
• Grid of theoretical NLTE equivalent widths of four Ba II lines and barium abundance in cool stars
• Search for Associations Containing Young stars (SACY): Chemical tagging IC 2391 & the Argus association
• Lithium evolution in intermediate age and old open clusters: NGC 752 revisited
• From Hot Jupiters to Super-Earths via Roche Lobe Overflow
• The LEECH Exoplanet Imaging Survey: Characterization of the Coldest Directly Imaged Exoplanet, GJ 504 b, and Evidence for Super-Stellar Metallicity
• Chemical composition of the young open clusters IC2602 and IC2391
• The Galactic chemical evolution of oxygen inferred from 3D non-LTE spectral line formation calculations
• The exoplanet-host star iota Horologii: an evaporated member of the primordial Hyades cluster
• Zirconium, Barium, Lanthanum and Europium Abundances in Open Clusters
• The VLT/NaCo large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs at wide orbits. III. The frequency of brown dwarfs and giant planets as companions to solar-type stars
• Tidal Decay and Stable Roche-Lobe Overflow of Short-Period Gaseous Exoplanets
• The debris disk host star HD 61005: a member of the Argus Association?
• The chemical composition of nearby young associations: s-process element abundances in AB Doradus, Carina-Near, and Ursa Major
• Astrophysical false positives in direct imaging for exoplanets: a white dwarf close to a rejuvenated star
• On the rotation periods of the components of the triple system TYC9300-0891-1AB/TYC9300-0529-1 in the Octans Association

Cited by in corpus (30)

• The GJ 504 system revisited. Combining interferometric, radial velocity, and high contrast imaging data
• Evolution of Gas Giant Entropy During Formation by Runaway Accretion
• A Direct Imaging Survey of Spitzer detected debris disks: Occurrence of giant planets in dusty systems
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: a new approach to chemically characterising young open clusters
• Rotation Periods, Inclinations, and Obliquities of Cool Stars Hosting Directly Imaged Substellar Companions: Spin-Orbit Misalignments are Common
• A possibly inflated planet around the bright, young star DS Tuc A
• True masses of the long-period companions to HD 92987 and HD 221420 from Hipparcos-Gaia astrometry
• Stellar population astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG. Revisiting the metallicity of Praesepe (M44)
• Improving dynamical mass constraints for intermediate-period substellar companions using Gaia DR2
• A new and homogeneous metallicity scale for Galactic classical Cepheids II. The abundance of iron and alpha elements
• Atmospheric characterization of directly imaged exoplanets with JWST/MIRI
• Orbital and spectral characterization of the benchmark T-type brown dwarf HD 19467B
• The GAPS Programme at TNG -- XXV. Stellar atmospheric parameters and chemical composition through GIARPS optical and near-infrared spectra
• Orbital and spectral analysis of the benchmark brown dwarf HD 4747B
• First determination of s-process element abundances in pre-main sequence clusters: Y, Zr, La, and Ce in IC 2391, the Argus association and IC 2602
• New spectro-photometric characterization of the substellar object HR 2562 B using SPHERE
• Star-planet tidal interaction and the limits of gyrochronology
• Search for planets around stars with wide brown dwarfs
• On the characterization of GJ 504: a magnetically active planet-host star observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
• A new white dwarf companion to the $\Delta \mu$ star GJ 3346
• The Fundamental Stellar Parameters of FGK Stars in the SEEDS Survey
• A High-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey of Directly Imaged Companion Hosts: I. Determination of diagnostic stellar abundances for planet formation and composition
• On the chemical abundances of Miras in clusters: V1 in the metal-rich globular NGC 5927
• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG XV. A substellar companion around a K giant star identified with quasi-simultaneous HARPS-N and GIANO measurements
• Is planetary inward migration responsible for GJ 504's fast rotation and bright X-ray luminosity? New constraints from eROSITA
• Radial velocity and chemical composition of evolved stars in the open clusters NGC 6940 and Tombaugh 5
• Constraints on HD113337 fundamental parameters and planetary system. Combining long-base visible interferometry, disk imaging and high-contrast imaging
• JWST-TST High Contrast: First Direct Spectroscopy of GJ 504 b reveals Clouds and Possible Metal Enrichment
• Observational imprints of tidal internal gravity wave dissipation in star-planet systems
• Next-generation Exo-REM atmospheric models: application to VHS 1256 b to emulate patchy clouds