Residual Gas & Dust Around Transition Objects and Weak T Tauri Stars

Abstract

Residual gas in disks around young stars can spin down stars, circularize the orbits of terrestrial planets, and whisk away the dusty debris that is expected to serve as a signpost of terrestrial planet formation. We have carried out a sensitive search for residual gas and dust in the terrestrial planet region surrounding young stars ranging in age from a few Myr to ~10 Myr in age. Using high resolution 4.7 micron spectra of transition objects and weak T Tauri stars, we searched for weak continuum excesses and CO fundamental emission, after making a careful correction for the stellar contribution to the observed spectrum. We find that the CO emission from transition objects is weaker and located further from the star than CO emission from non-transition T Tauri stars with similar stellar accretion rates. The difference is possibly the result of chemical and/or dynamical effects (i.e., a low CO abundance or close-in low-mass planets). The weak T Tauri stars show no CO fundamental emission down to low flux levels (5 x 10^(-20) - 10^{-18} W/m^2). We illustrate how our results can be used to constrain the residual disk gas content in these systems and discuss their potential implications for star and planet formation.

40 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ

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• Scanning disk rings and winds in CO at 0.01-10 au: a high-resolution $M$-band spectroscopy survey with IRTF-iSHELL
• Ro-vibrational Spectroscopy of CI Tau -- Evidence of a Multi-Component Eccentric Disk Induced by a Planet
• Orbital parameters and activity of ZZ Tau -- a low mass young binary with circumbinary disc