A transitional disk around an intermediate mass star in the sparse population of the Orion OB1 Association

Abstract

We present a detailed study of the disk around the intermediate mass star SO 411, aiming to explain the spectral energy distribution of this star. We show that this is a transitional disk truncated at $\sim$11 au, with $\sim$0.03 lunar masses of optically thin dust inside the cavity. Gas also flows through the cavity, since we find that the disk is still accreting mass onto the star, at a rate of $\sim 5x10^{-9}$ Msun/yr. Until now, SO 411 has been thought to belong to the $\sim$3 Myr old {$\sigma$} Orionis cluster. However, we analyzed the second Gaia Data Release in combination with kinematic data previously reported, and found that SO 411 can be associated with an sparse stellar population located in front of the {$\sigma$} Orionis cluster. If this is the case, then SO 411 is older and even more peculiar, since primordial disks in this stellar mass range are scarce for ages $>$5 Myr. Analysis of the silicate 10$\mu$m feature of SO 411 indicates that the observed feature arises at the edge of the outer disk, and displays a very high crystallinity ratio of $\sim$0.5, with forsterite the most abundant silicate crystal. The high forsterite abundance points to crystal formation in non-equilibrium conditions. The PAH spectrum of SO 411 is consistent with this intermediate state between the hot and luminous Herbig Ae and the less massive and cooler T Tauri stars. Analysis of the 7.7$\mu$m PAH feature indicates that small PAHs still remain in the SO 411 disk.

arXiv commentAccepted in the Astrophysical Journal (17 pages, 9 Figures)

References in corpus (115)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• Intrinsic Colors, Temperatures, and Bolometric Corrections of Pre-Main Sequence Stars
• The Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope
• Protoplanetary Disks and Their Evolution
• First Results from High Angular Resolution ALMA Observations Toward the HL Tau Region
• The Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) Spectral Library: Cool Stars
• A Spitzer Survey of Young Stellar Clusters within One Kiloparsec of the Sun: Cluster Core Extraction and Basic Structural Analysis
• Dust coagulation in protoplanetary disks: a rapid depletion of small grains
• Resolved Images of Large Cavities in Protoplanetary Transition Disks
• An Infrared Spectroscopic Sequence of M, L and T Dwarfs
• The AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared All-Sky Survey
• Accretion Disks around Young Objects. I. The Detailed Vertical Structure
• Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in Taurus-Auriga
• Ringed Substructure and a Gap at 1 AU in the Nearest Protoplanetary Disk
• ISO spectroscopy of circumstellar dust in 14 Herbig Ae/Be systems: towards an understanding of dust processing
• Evidence for a developing gap in a 10 Myr old protoplanetary disk
• Accretion Disks Around Young Objects. III. Grain Growth
• Spitzer Space Telescope study of disks in the young $\sigma$ Orionis cluster
• Estimating distances from parallaxes
• Accretion Disks Around Young Objects. II. Tests of Well-Mixed Models with Ism Dust
• Observations of IC348: The Disk Population at 2-3 Million Years
• The SMART Data Analysis Package for the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope
• The effect of dust settling on the appearance of protoplanetary disks
• The Disk Population of the Taurus Star-Forming Region
• Effects of Dust Growth and Settling in T Tauri Disks
• Dust Filtration by Planet-Induced Gap Edges: Implications for Transitional Disks
• A Survey and Analysis of Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph Spectra of T Tauri Stars in Taurus
• X-Shooter spectroscopy of young stellar objects: IV -- Accretion in low-mass stars and sub-stellar objects in Lupus
• UBVRI Photometric Standard Stars Around the Celestial Equator: Updates and Additions
• Evidence of fast pebble growth near condensation fronts in the HL Tau protoplanetary disk
• An ALMA Survey of Protoplanetary Disks in the $\sigma$ Orionis Cluster
• A 10 micron spectroscopic survey of Herbig Ae star disks: grain growth and crystallization
• The APOGEE-2 Survey of the Orion Star Forming Complex II: Six-dimensional structure
• CASSIS: The Cornell Atlas of Spitzer/IRS Sources
• On the Diversity of the Taurus Transitional Disks: UX Tau A & Lk Ca 15
• Protoplanetary disk lifetimes vs stellar mass and possible implications for giant planet populations
• Star and protoplanetary disk properties in Orion's suburbs
• Unveiling the Structure of Pre-Transitional Disks
• Transitional and Pre-Transitional disks: Gap Opening by Multiple Planets?
• C2D Spitzer-IRS spectra of disks around T Tauri stars: I. Silicate emission and grain growth
• The Truncated Disk of CoKu Tau/4
• ISO spectroscopy of disks around Herbig Ae/Be stars
• Unveiling the Inner Disk Structure of T Tauri Stars
• Accretion Rates for T Tauri Stars Using Nearly Simultaneous Ultraviolet and Optical Spectra
• The formation and evolution of planetary systems: Grain growth and chemical processing of dust in T Tauri systems
• Astrophysical supplements to the ASCC-2.5. Ia. Radial velocities of about 55000 stars and mean radial velocities of 516 Galactic open clusters and associations
• A Spitzer IRS Study of Infrared Variability in Transitional and Pre-Transitional Disks around T Tauri Stars
• The Last Gasp of Gas Giant Planet Formation: A Spitzer Study of the 5 Myr-old Cluster NGC 2362
• Annealing of Silicate Dust by Nebular Shocks at 10 AU
• Cold Disks: Spitzer Spectroscopy of Disks around Young Stars with Large Gaps
• A Spitzer Census of Transitional Protoplanetary Disks with AU-Scale Inner Holes
• Dust evolution in protoplanetary disks around Herbig Ae/Be stars - The Spitzer view
• Crystalline silicates and dust processing in the protoplanetary disks of the Taurus young cluster
• Do the Infrared Emission Features Need Ultraviolet Excitation? The PAH Model in UV-Poor Reflection Nebulae
• Resolving the HD 100546 Protoplanetary System with the Gemini Planet Imager: Evidence for Multiple Forming, Accreting Planets
• Spitzer's view on aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon emission in Herbig Ae stars
• Inside-Out Evacuation of Transitional Protoplanetary Disks by the Magneto-Rotational Instability
• Identifying gaps in flaring Herbig Ae/Be disks using spatially resolved mid-infrared imaging. Are all group I disks transitional?
• Can dead zones create structures like a transition disk?
• ALMA hints at the presence of two companions in the disk around HD 100546
• Can grain growth explain transition disks?
• Probing the Dust and Gas in the Transitional Disk of CS Cha with Spitzer
• What is the Mass of a Gap-Opening Planet?
• On the Transitional Disk Class: Linking Observations of T Tauri Stars & Physical Disk Models
• PAH emission from Herbig AeBe stars
• Mid-infrared spectra of PAH emission in Herbig AeBe stars
• Recovery of the Candidate Protoplanet HD 100546 b with Gemini/NICI and Detection of Additional (Planet-Induced?) Disk Structure at Small Separations
• Dust Processing and Grain Growth in Protoplanetary Disks in the Taurus-Auriga Star-Forming Region
• C2D Spitzer-IRS spectra of disks around T Tauri stars. IV. Crystalline silicates
• Advanced optimal extraction for the Spitzer/IRS
• A Spitzer View of the Young Open Cluster NGC 2264
• The SPHERE view of the planet-forming disk around HD100546
• PAH chemistry and IR emission from circumstellar disks
• 25 Orionis: A Kinematically Distinct 10 Myr Old Group in Orion OB1a
• On the Commonality of 10-30AU Sized Axisymmetric Dust Structures in Protoplanetary Disks
• Complex Spiral Structure in the HD 100546 Transitional Disk as Revealed by GPI and MagAO
• Silica in Protoplanetary Disks
• PAHs in Circumstellar Disks around Herbig Ae/Be stars
• FLAMES spectroscopy of low-mass stars in the young clusters sigma Ori and lambda Ori
• The (w)hole survey: an unbiased sample study of transition disk candidates based on Spitzer catalogs
• The origin and evolution of transition discs: successes, problems and open questions
• Kinematic structure in the young Sigma Orionis association
• Multiple spiral patterns in the transitional disk of HD 100546
• The 2008 outburst of EX Lup - silicate crystals in motion
• Sequential planet formation in the HD 100546 protoplanetary disk?
• Planet or Brown Dwarf? Inferring the Companion Mass in HD 100546 from the Wall Shape using Mid-Infrared Interferometry
• A survey for low mass spectroscopic binary stars in the young clusters around sigma Orionis and lambda Orionis
• Stars and brown dwarfs in the sigma Orionis cluster: the Mayrit catalogue
• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Protoplanetary Disks around Herbig Ae/Be and T Tauri Stars
• A spectroscopic survey of Herbig Ae/Be stars with X-Shooter II: Accretion diagnostic lines
• Orbital and physical properties of the $\sigma$ Ori Aa,Ab,B triple system
• Spatial distribution of stars and brown dwarfs in sigma Orionis
• The Herschel DIGIT Survey of Weak-line T Tauri Stars: implications for disk evolution and dissipation
• The composition of the protosolar disk and the formation conditions for comets
• Spitzer Observations of the Lambda Orionis cluster. II. Disks around solar-type and low mass stars
• Curved walls: Grain growth, settling, and composition patterns in T Tauri disk dust sublimation fronts
• The hybrid disks: a search and study to better understand evolution of disks
• Low abundance, strong features: Window-dressing crystalline forsterite in the disk wall of HD 100546
• A spectroscopic census in young stellar regions: the Sigma Orionis cluster
• Resolving structure of the disk around HD100546 at 7 mm with ATCA
• A slowly accreting ~10 Myr old transitional disk in Orion OB1a
• Spitzer Observations of the Lambda Orionis cluster I: the frequency of young debris disks at 5 Myr
• Probing dynamical processes in the planet forming region with dust mineralogy
• A Herschel view of protoplanetary disks in the $\sigma$ Ori cluster
• A SCUBA-2 850 micron survey of protoplanetary discs in the sigma Orionis cluster
• The Frequency Of Binary Star Interlopers Amongst Transitional Discs
• MBM 12: young protoplanetary discs at high galactic latitude
• Resolved observations of transition disks
• The low-mass stellar population in the young cluster Tr37: Disk evolution, accretion, and environment
• The far-infrared behaviour of Herbig Ae/Be discs: Herschel PACS photometry
• Herschel PACS observations of 4-10 Myr old Classical T Tauri stars in Orion OB1
• A Cavity of Large Grains in the Disk Around the Group II Herbig Ae/Be Star HD 142666
• Evolution of PAHs in protoplanetary disks
• An Incipient Debris Disk in the Chamaeleon I Cloud

Cited by in corpus (6)

• PENELLOPE: the ESO data legacy program to complement the Hubble UV Legacy Library of Young Stars (ULLYSES) I. Survey presentation and accretion properties of Orion OB1 and $\sigma$-Orionis
• The Evolution Of The Inner Regions of Protoplanetary Disks
• Testing external photoevaporation in the $\sigma$-Orionis cluster with spectroscopy and disk mass measurements
• Stars and brown dwarfs in the sigma Orionis cluster. IV. IDS/INT and OSIRIS/GTC spectroscopy and Gaia DR2 astrometry
• NaCo polarimetric observations of Sz 91 transitional disk: a remarkable case of dust filtering
• Understanding the angular momentum evolution of T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be stars