Planet formation: key mechanisms and global models
arXiv:2002.05756 · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88124-5_1
Abstract
Models of planet formation are built on underlying physical processes. In order to make sense of the origin of the planets we must first understand the origin of their building blocks. This review comes in two parts. The first part presents a detailed description of six key mechanisms of planet formation: 1) The structure and evolution of protoplanetary disks 2) The formation of planetesimals 3) Accretion of protoplanets 4) Orbital migration of growing planets 5) Gas accretion and giant planet migration 6) Resonance trapping during planet migration. While this is not a comprehensive list, it includes processes for which our understanding has changed in recent years or for which key uncertainties remain. The second part of this review shows how global models are built out of planet formation processes. We present global models to explain different populations of known planetary systems, including close-in small/low-mass planets (i.e., super-Earths), giant exoplanets, and the Solar System's planets. We discuss the different sources of water on rocky exoplanets, and use cosmochemical measurements to constrain the origin of Earth's water. We point out the successes and failings of different models and how they may be falsified. Finally, we lay out a path for the future trajectory of planet formation studies.
To appear in Lecture Notes of the 3rd Advanced School on Exoplanetary Science (Editors Mancini, Biazzo, Bozza, Sozzetti). 100 pages, 27 Figs
References in corpus (79)
- Direct Imaging of Multiple Planets Orbiting the Star HR 8799
- Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1
- The origins and concentrations of water, carbon, nitrogen and noble gases on Earth
- Dynamical Outcomes of Planet-Planet Scattering
- Mass-Radius Relationships for Solid Exoplanets
- Protoplanetary Disk Structures in Ophiuchus
- The Occurrence and Mass Distribution of Close-in Super-Earths, Neptunes, and Jupiters
- One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations
- Formation of Hot Planets by a combination of planet scattering, tidal circularization, and Kozai mechanism
- Solar System evolution from compositional mapping of the asteroid belt
- Origin of the Structure of the Kuiper Belt during a Dynamical Instability in the Orbits of Uranus and Neptune
- Origins of Eccentric Extrasolar Planets: Testing the Planet-Planet Scattering Model
- Separating gas-giant and ice-giant planets by halting pebble accretion
- Can we constrain interior structure of rocky exoplanets from mass and radius measurements?
- A Submillimeter View of Circumstellar Dust Disks in Ophiuchus
- On the diversity and statistical properties of protostellar discs
- Dynamics of the giant planets of the solar system in the gaseous proto-planetary disk and relationship to the current orbital architecture
- The Mass of KOI-94d and a Relation for Planet Radius, Mass, and Incident Flux
- An Earth-sized Planet in the Habitable Zone of a Cool Star
- Global simulations of protoplanetary disks with ohmic resistivity and ambipolar diffusion
- Origin of water in the inner Solar System: Planetesimals scattered inward during Jupiter and Saturn's rapid gas accretion
- The Exoplanet Mass-Ratio Function from the MOA-II Survey: Discovery of a Break and Likely Peak at a Neptune Mass
- Water Delivery and Giant Impacts in the 'Grand Tack' Scenario
- Make Super-Earths, Not Jupiters: Accreting Nebular Gas onto Solid Cores at 0.1 AU and Beyond
- Hints for a Turnover at the Snow Line in the Giant Planet Occurrence Rate
- Five Planets Orbiting 55 Cancri
- The timeline of the Lunar bombardment - revisited
- Highly Siderophile Elements in the Earth's Mantle as a Clock for the Moon-forming Impact
- Constraints on the mass of a habitable planet with water of nebular origin
- The Complete Census of 70-um-Bright Debris Disks within the FEPS (Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems) Spitzer Legacy Survey of Sun-like Stars
- A resonant chain of four transiting, sub-Neptune planets
- On the Location of the Snow Line in a Protoplanetary Disk
- Evolution of Protoplanetary Discs with Magnetically Driven Disc Winds
- A decreased probability of habitable planet formation around low-mass stars
- Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems (FEPS): Properties of Debris Dust around Solar-type Stars
- The Migration of Gap-Opening Planets is not Locked to Viscous Disk Evolution
- Fragmentation of gravitationally unstable gaseous protoplanetary disks with radiative transfer
- Formation of a disc gap induced by a planet: Effect of the deviation from Keplerian disc rotation
- Constraints on resonant-trapping for two planets embedded in a protoplanetary disc
- Gas disks to gas giants: Simulating the birth of planetary systems
- Reduced gas accretion on super-Earths and ice giants
- On the evolution of eccentric and inclined protoplanets embedded in protoplanetary disks
- A water budget dichotomy of rocky protoplanets from Al-heating
- Ice Lines, Planetesimal Composition and Solid Surface Density in the Solar Nebula
- Cool Jupiters greatly outnumber their toasty siblings: Occurrence rates from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search
- Formation of close in Super-Earths \& Mini-Neptunes: Required Disk Masses \& Their Implications
- Formation of dust-rich planetesimals from sublimated pebbles inside of the snow line
- Lunar and Terrestrial Planet Formation in the Grand Tack Scenario
- Dynamical corotation torques on low-mass planets
- Planet-planet scattering in planetesimal disks
- Coorbital thermal torques on low-mass protoplanets
- Evolution of Mid-IR Excess Around Sun-like Stars: Constraints on Models of Terrestrial Planet Formation
- The early instability scenario: terrestrial planet formation during the giant planet instability, and the effect of collisional fragmentation
- Measurement of Circumstellar Disk Sizes in the Upper Scorpius OB Association with ALMA
- Dynamical evidence for an early giant planet instability
- Could we identify hot Ocean-Planets with CoRoT, Kepler and Doppler velocimetry?
- Planet population synthesis driven by pebble accretion in cluster environments
- The population of long-period transiting exoplanets
- On the formation of terrestrial planets in hot-Jupiter systems
- The Feeding Zones of Terrestrial Planets and Insights into Moon Formation
- Deserts and pile-ups in the distribution of exoplanets due to photoevaporative disc clearing
- Does the presence of planets affect the frequency and properties of extrasolar Kuiper Belts? Results from the Herschel DEBRIS and DUNES surveys
- Temperature Structure in the Inner Regions of Protoplanetary Disks: Inefficient Accretion Heating Controlled by Nonideal Magnetohydrodynamics
- Outward migration of Jupiter and Saturn in 3:2 or 2:1 resonance in radiative disks: implications for the Grand Tack and Nice models
- Formation and accretion history of terrestrial planets from runaway growth through to late time: implications for orbital eccentricity
- Planet formation and migration near the silicate sublimation front in protoplanetary disks
- The Jupiter Twin HD 154345b
- The Grand Tack model: a critical review
- A near-infrared interferometric survey of debris-disc stars. V. PIONIER search for variability
- Correlations between the stellar, planetary and debris components of exoplanet systems observed by
- Time evolution of snow regions and planet traps in an evolving protoplanetary disk
- Is the Grand Tack model compatible with the orbital distribution of main belt asteroids?
- Prompt planetesimal formation beyond the snow line
- Predictions for the correlation between giant and terrestrial extrasolar planets in dynamically evolved systems
- In situ accretion of gaseous envelopes on to planetary cores embedded in evolving protoplanetary discs
- Binaries in the Kuiper Belt
- Prospects for Backtracing 1I/`Oumuamua and Future Interstellar Objects
- Constraints on terrestrial planet formation timescales and equilibration processes in the Grand Tack scenario from Hf-W isotopic evolution
- Migration of accreting planets in radiative discs from dynamical torques