Origins of Eccentric Extrasolar Planets: Testing the Planet-Planet Scattering Model

Abstract

(Abridged) In planetary systems with two or more giant planets, dynamical instabilities can lead to collisions or ejections through strong planet--planet scattering. Previous studies for simple initial configurations with two equal-mass planets revealed some discrepancies between the results of numerical simulations and the observed orbital elements of extrasolar planets. Here, we show that simulations with two unequal mass planets starting on nearly circular orbits predict a reduced frequency of collisions and a broader range of final eccentricities. The two-planet scattering model can easily reproduce the observed eccentricities with a plausible distribution of planet mass ratios. Further, the two-planet scattering model predicts a maximum eccentricity of about 0.8, independent of the distribution of planet mass ratios, provided that both planets are initially place on nearly circular orbits. This compares favorably with current observations and will be tested by future planet discoveries. The combination of planet--planet scattering and tidal circularization may be able to explain the existence of some giant planets with very short period orbits. Orbital migration due to planet scattering could play an important role in explaining the increased rate of giant planets with very short period orbits. We also re-examine and discuss various possible correlations between eccentricities and other properties of observed extrasolar planets. We demonstrate that the observed distribution of planet masses, orbital periods, and eccentricities can provide constraints for models of planet formation and evolution.

arXiv comment44 pages, 8 figures, incl. 2 color figs., accepted to ApJ

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• Mutual Occurrence Ratio of Planets. I. New Clues to Reveal Origins of Hot- and Warm-Jupiter from the RV Sample
• Forming short period sub-stellar companions in 47 Tucanae -- II. Analytic expressions for the orbital evolution of planets in dense environments
• Investigating the eccentricity distribution of transiting, long-period giant planets
• Planet formation: key mechanisms and global models
• Spin Dynamics of Extrasolar Giant Planets in Planet-Planet Scattering
• Pushing the limits of eccentricity in planet-disc interactions
• Forming rocky exoplanets around K-dwarf stars
• A high stellar multiplicity rate amongst TESS planet candidates in the Neptunian desert using Gaia DR3 astrometry
• The Neptunian ridge as a natural outcome of high-eccentricity tidal migration
• New migration patterns in high planet-star mass ratio systems in disks with low viscosity
• Takeout and Delivery: Erasing the Dusty Signature of Late-stage Terrestrial Planet Formation
• Production of hot Jupiter candidates from high-eccentricity mechanisms for different initial planetary mass configurations
• Transit Duration and Timing Variations from Binary Planets
• A Trio of Giant Planets Orbiting Evolved Star HD 184010
• The GAPS Programme at TNG. LIX. A characterisation study of the $\sim$300 Myr old multi-planetary system orbiting the star BD+40 2790 (TOI-2076)
• Planetary Edge Trends (PET). I. The Inner Edge-Stellar Mass Correlation
• TOI-1743 b, TOI-5799 b, TOI-5799 c and TOI-6223 b: TESS discovery and validation of four super-Earth to Neptune-sized planets around M dwarfs
• An alternative stable solution for the Kepler-419 system, obtained with the use of a genetic algorithm
• Microglitches in radio pulsars: the role of strange nuggets
• Configuration of Single Giant Planet Systems Generating `Oumuamua-Like Interstellar Asteroids
• Eccentric debris belts reveal the dynamical history of the companion exoplanet
• Companions to Kepler giant stars: A long-period eccentric substellar companion to KIC 3526061 and a stellar companion to HD 187878
• Effective two-body scatterings around a massive object
• Formation of terrestrial planets in eccentric and inclined giant planet systems
• Toward an initial mass function for giant planets
• A Mid-Infrared Search for Substellar Companions of Nearby Planet-Host Stars
• Uncovering the Rapidly Evolving Orbits of the Dynamic TOI-201 System
• Super-earths and mini-neptunes follow different orbital period-eccentricity relations
• Dynamical Evolution of Planetary Systems
• Generating Stellar Obliquity in Systems with Broken Protoplanetary Disks
• The Influence of General Relativity on the Spins of Celestial Bodies in Inclined Orbits
• 14 Her: a likely case of planet-planet scattering
• Setting the Stage: The Early History of the Solar System
• Upside down: GJ3090 b the first retrograde exoplanet around an M dwarf detected with NIRPS
• Life in the dark: Potential urability of moons of rogue planets
• AU Mic b is the Youngest Planet to have a Spin-Orbit Alignment Measurement