Stellar Spin-Orbit Alignment for Kepler-9, a Multi-transiting Planetary system with Two Outer Planets Near 2:1 Resonance

Abstract

We present spectroscopic measurements of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect for the planet b of Kepler-9 multi-transiting planet system. The resulting sky-projected spin-orbit angle is $\lambda =-13^{\circ }\pm 16^{\circ }$, which favors an aligned system and strongly disfavors highly misaligned, polar, and retrograde orbits. Including Kepler-9, there are now a total of 4 Rossiter-McLaughlin effect measurements for multiplanet systems, all of which are consistent with spin-orbit alignment.

Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal

References in corpus (53)

• Shrinking binary and planetary orbits by Kozai cycles with tidal friction
• Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler, III: Analysis of the First 16 Months of Data
• The Occurrence and Architecture of Exoplanetary Systems
• Hot Stars with Hot Jupiters Have High Obliquities
• Planet-disk interaction and orbital evolution
• Planet Migration and Binary Companions: the case of HD 80606b
• Obliquities of Hot Jupiter host stars: Evidence for tidal interactions and primordial misalignments
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. IV. Thirty systems with space-based light curves
• Hot Jupiters from Secular Planet--Planet Interactions
• Formation of Hot Planets by a combination of planet scattering, tidal circularization, and Kozai mechanism
• Origins of Eccentric Extrasolar Planets: Testing the Planet-Planet Scattering Model
• Revised Stellar Properties of Kepler Targets for the Quarter 1-16 Transit Detection Run
• Secular Chaos and the Production of Hot Jupiters
• The California Planet Survey I. Four New Giant Exoplanets
• Spectral Properties of Cool Stars: Extended Abundance Analysis of 1617 Planet Search Stars
• Chaotic star formation and the alignment of stellar rotation with disc and planetary orbital axes
• The California-Kepler Survey. I. High Resolution Spectroscopy of 1305 Stars Hosting Kepler Transiting Planets
• Stellar Spin-Orbit Misalignment in a Multiplanet System
• Evidence of Possible Spin-Orbit Misalignment Along the Line of Sight in Transiting Exoplanet Systems
• Alignment of the stellar spin with the orbits of a three-planet system
• Evolution of Spin Direction of Accreting Magnetic Protostars and Spin-Orbit Misalignment in Exoplanetary Systems
• The hot-Jupiter Kepler-17b: discovery, obliquity from stroboscopic starspots, and atmospheric characterization
• Rotation Periods, Variability Properties and Ages for Kepler Exoplanet Candidate Host Stars
• Starspots and spin-orbit alignment in the WASP-4 exoplanetary system
• Asteroseismic determination of obliquities of the exoplanet systems Kepler-50 and Kepler-65
• Low stellar obliquities in compact multiplanet systems
• Photometric Amplitude Distribution of Stellar Rotation of Kepler KOIs-Indication for Spin-Orbit Alignment of Cool Stars and High Obliquity for Hot Stars
• Transit Lightcurves of Extrasolar Planets Orbiting Rapidly-Rotating Stars
• Internal Gravity Waves Modulate the Apparent Misalignment of Exoplanets around Hot Stars
• Obliquities of Kepler Stars: Comparison of Single- and Multiple-Transit Systems
• Asymmetric transit curves as indication of orbital obliquity: clues from the late-type dwarf companion in KOI-13
• A natural formation scenario for misaligned and short-period eccentric extrasolar planets
• The Turbulent Origin of Spin-Orbit Misalignment in Planetary Systems
• Planet-Planet Eclipse and the Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect of a Multiple Transiting System: Joint Analysis of the Subaru Spectroscopy and the Kepler Photometry
• Measurement of the Spin-Orbit Misalignment of KOI-13.01 from its Gravity-Darkened Kepler Transit Lightcurve
• Determination of Three-dimensional Spin-orbit Angle with Joint Analysis of Asteroseismology, Transit Lightcurve, and the Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect: Cases of HAT-P-7 and Kepler-25
• The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect in Exoplanet Research
• What asteroseismology can do for exoplanets: Kepler-410A b is a Small Neptune around a bright star, in an eccentric orbit consistent with low obliquity
• Chaotic Dynamics of Stellar Spin in Binaries and the Production of Misaligned Hot Jupiters
• On the tidal origin of hot Jupiter stellar obliquity trends
• Measurements of Stellar Inclinations for Kepler Planet Candidates II: Candidate Spin-Orbit Misalignments in Single and Multiple-Transiting Systems
• Detection of Potential Transit Signals in 17 Quarters of Kepler Data: Results of the Final Kepler Mission Transiting Planet Search (DR25)
• Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems in Presence of Highly Inclined Stellar Perturbers
• Accurate Gravities of F, G, and K stars from High Resolution Spectra Without External Constraints
• Magnetic Origins of the Stellar Mass-Obliquity Correlation in Planetary Systems
• The Oblique Orbit of WASP-107b from K2 Photometry
• Time variation of Kepler transits induced by stellar rotating spots - a way to distinguish between prograde and retrograde motion I. Theory
• A Nearly Polar Orbit for the Extrasolar Hot Jupiter WASP-79b
• A low stellar obliquity for WASP-47, a compact multiplanet system with a hot Jupiter and an ultra-short period planet
• A highly inclined orbit for the 110-day period M-dwarf companion KOI-368.01
• A Spin-Orbit Alignment for the Hot Jupiter HATS-3b
• The well-aligned orbit of WASP-84b: evidence for disc migration
• Spin-orbit alignments for Three Transiting Hot Jupiters: WASP-103b, WASP-87b, & WASP-66b

Cited by in corpus (30)

• Stellar obliquities in exoplanetary systems
• Minerva-Australis I: Design, Commissioning, & First Photometric Results
• A Preponderance of Perpendicular Planets
• HD 202772A B: A Transiting Hot Jupiter Around A Bright, Mildly Evolved Star In A Visual Binary Discovered By Tess
• TraMoS V. Updated ephemeris and multi-epoch monitoring of the hot Jupiters WASP-18Ab, WASP-19b, and WASP-77Ab
• Kepler-730: A hot Jupiter system with a close-in, transiting, Earth-sized planet
• HARPS-N radial velocities confirm the low densities of the Kepler-9 planets
• HD2685 b: A Hot-Jupiter orbiting an early F-type star detected by TESS
• TOI-257b (HD 19916b): A Warm sub-Saturn Orbiting an Evolved F-type Star
• DREAM II. The spin-orbit angle distribution of close-in exoplanets under the lens of tides
• The warm Neptunes around HD 106315 have low stellar obliquities
• Truly eccentric. I. Revisiting eight single-eccentric planetary systems
• Kepler Object of Interest Network II. Photodynamical modelling of Kepler-9 over 8 years of transit observations
• Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). VI. The Homogeneous Refinement of System Parameters for 39 Transiting Hot Jupiters with 127 New Light Curves
• Stellar Oblateness versus Distant Giants in Exciting Kepler Planet Mutual Inclinations
• Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). II. Refined System Parameters and Transit Timing Analysis of HAT-P-33b
• Stellar Obliquities & Planetary Alignments (SOPA) I. Spin-Orbit measurements of Three Transiting Hot Jupiters: WASP-72b, WASP-100b, & WASP-109b
• Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). IV. Refined System Parameters, Transit Timing Variations and Orbital Stability of the Transiting Planetary System HAT-P-25
• Evidence for Primordial Alignment: Insights from Stellar Obliquity Measurements for Compact Sub-Saturn Systems
• Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). I. Refined System Parameters and Transit Timing Variations of HAT-P-29b
• The Spin-Orbit Misalignment of TOI-1842b: The First Measurement of the Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect for a Warm Sub-Saturn around a Massive Star
• TOI 564 b and TOI 905 b: Grazing and Fully Transiting Hot Jupiters Discovered by TESS
• A collage of small planets from the Lick Carnegie Exoplanet Survey : Exploring the super-Earth and sub-Neptune mass regime
• ATREIDES I. Embarking on a trek across the exo-Neptunian landscape with the TOI-421 system
• Revisiting the Architecture of the KOI-89 System
• Exploiting periodic orbits as dynamical clues for Kepler and K2 systems
• Revisiting the Full Sets of Orbital Parameters for the XO-3 System: No evidence for Temporal Variation of the Spin-Orbit Angle
• HATS-59b,c: A Transiting Hot Jupiter and a Cold Massive Giant Planet Around a Sun-Like Star
• Evidence for Primordial Alignment II: Insights from Stellar Obliquity Measurements for Hot Jupiters in Compact Multiplanet Systems
• A Homogeneous Catalog of Rossiter-McLaughlin Systems: Distinct $e$-$\lambda$ Trends in Three Gas-Giant Mass Regimes