Hot Stars with Hot Jupiters Have High Obliquities

Abstract

We show that stars with transiting planets for which the stellar obliquity is large are preferentially hot (T_eff > 6250 K). This could explain why small obliquities were observed in the earliest measurements, which focused on relatively cool stars drawn from Doppler surveys, as opposed to hotter stars that emerged later from transit surveys. The observed trend could be due to differences in planet formation and migration around stars of varying mass. Alternatively, we speculate that hot-Jupiter systems begin with a wide range of obliquities, but the photospheres of cool stars realign with the orbits due to tidal dissipation in their convective zones, while hot stars cannot realign because of their thinner convective zones. This in turn would suggest that hot Jupiters originate from few-body gravitational dynamics, and that disk migration plays at most a supporting role.

ApJ Letters, in press [6 pages]

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• Spin-orbit alignments for Three Transiting Hot Jupiters: WASP-103b, WASP-87b, & WASP-66b
• The spin-orbit alignment of visual binaries
• Deriving stellar inclination of slow rotators using stellar activity
• Three new brown dwarfs and a massive hot Jupiter revealed by TESS around early-type stars
• The K2-ESPRINT Project IV: A Hot Jupiter in a Prograde Orbit with a Possible Stellar Companion
• Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission. XVIII. CoRoT-18b: a massive hot jupiter on a prograde, nearly aligned orbit
• A Window on Exoplanet Dynamical Histories: Rossiter-McLaughlin Observations of WASP-13b and WASP-32b
• Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT) XIII: Planet Orbits and Atmospheres in the V1298 Tau System, a Keystone in Studies of Early Planetary Evolution
• WASP-40b: independent discovery of the 0.6-Mjup transiting exoplanet HAT-P-27b
• The Hubble PanCET Program: A Metal-rich Atmosphere for the Inflated Hot Jupiter HAT-P-41b
• On a Possible Solution to the Tidal Realignment Problem for Hot Jupiters
• WASP-180Ab: Doppler tomography of an hot Jupiter orbiting the primary star in a visual binary
• Teetering Stars: Resonant Excitation of Stellar Obliquities by Hot and Warm Jupiters with External Companions
• High-resolution emission spectroscopy retrievals of MASCARA-1b with CRIRES+: Strong detections of CO, H${}_2$O and Fe emission lines and a C$/$O consistent with solar
• Exterior Companions to Hot Jupiters Orbiting Cool Stars are Coplanar
• Influence of stellar structure, evolution and rotation on the tidal damping of exoplanetary spin-orbit angles
• NEID Rossiter-McLaughlin Measurement of TOI-1268b: A Young Warm Saturn Aligned with Its Cool Host Star
• Close encounters of a rotating star with planets in parabolic orbits of varying inclination and the formation of Hot Jupiters
• KELT-24b: A 5M${}_{\mathrm{J}}$ Planet on a 5.6 day Well-Aligned Orbit around the Young V=8.3 F-star HD 93148
• Stellar Obliquities & Planetary Alignments (SOPA) I. Spin-Orbit measurements of Three Transiting Hot Jupiters: WASP-72b, WASP-100b, & WASP-109b
• Orbital alignment of the eccentric warm Jupiter TOI-677 b
• Evidence for Primordial Alignment: Insights from Stellar Obliquity Measurements for Compact Sub-Saturn Systems
• TOI-1859b: A 64-Day Warm Jupiter on an Eccentric and Misaligned Orbit
• XO-2b: a Prograde Planet with a Negligible Eccentricity, and an Additional Radial Velocity Variation
• HAT-P-42b and HAT-P-43b. Two Inflated Transiting Hot Jupiters from the HATNet Survey
• On the role of resonances in polluting white dwarfs by asteroids
• Two warm, low-density sub-Jovian planets orbiting bright stars in K2 campaigns 13 and 14
• Sub-stellar Companions of Intermediate-mass Stars with CoRoT: CoRoT-34b, CoRoT-35b, and CoRoT-36b
• The Spin-Orbit Misalignment of TOI-1842b: The First Measurement of the Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect for a Warm Sub-Saturn around a Massive Star
• HIP 33609 b: An Eccentric Brown Dwarf Transiting a V=7.3 Rapidly Rotating B-Star
• Resonant capture in quadruple stellar systems
• Automated approach to measure stellar inclinations: validation through large-scale measurements on the red giant branch
• Obliquity measurement and atmospheric characterization of the WASP-74 planetary system
• The resilience of Kepler systems to stellar obliquity
• Configurations of Bounded and Free-floating Planets in Very Young Open Clusters
• The GAPS Programme at TNG: XXXVI. Measurement of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect and revising the physical and orbital parameters of the HAT-P-15, HAT-P-17, HAT-P-21, HAT-P-26, HAT-P-29 eccentric planetary systems
• Discovery of WASP-174b: Doppler tomography of a near-grazing transit
• Forming Different Planetary Architectures . I . Formation Efficiency of Hot Jupites from High-eccentricity Mechanisms
• Planetary Orbital Equations in Externally-Perturbed Systems: Position and Velocity-Dependent Forces
• The influence of planetary engulfment on stellar rotation in metal-poor main-sequence stars
• Dealing With $\delta$-Scuti Variables: Transit Light Curve Analysis of Planets Orbiting Rapidly-Rotating, Seismically Active A/F Stars
• Asteroseismology of Eclipsing Binary Stars in the Kepler Era
• Constraining the orbit of the planet-hosting binary $\tau$ Boötis: Clues about planetary formation and migration
• Stellar obliquities and magnetic activities of Planet-Hosting Stars and Eclipsing Binaries based on Transit Chord Correlation
• The Spin-Orbit Alignment of 8 Warm Gas Giant Systems
• Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT 'EM) Survey. II. Discovery of a Failed Hot Jupiter on a 2.7 Year, Highly Eccentric Orbit
• Rapid rotators revisited: absolute dimensions of KOI-13
• Measuring the Obliquities of the TRAPPIST-1 Planets with MAROON-X
• Can we detect the stellar differential rotation of WASP-7 through theRossiter-McLaughlin observations?
• Prospecting transit duration variations in extrasolar planetary systems
• Remote sensing of exoplanetary atmospheres with ground-based high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy
• KELT-18b: Puffy Planet, Hot Host, Probably Perturbed
• No Metallicity Correlation Associated with the Kepler Dichotomy
• Gravity-Darkened Seasons: Insolation Around Rapid Rotators
• Multi-planet disc interactions in binary systems
• Forming Different Planetary Systems
• A decade of radial-velocity monitoring of Vega and new limits on the presence of planets
• Probable Spin-Orbit Aligned Super-Earth Planet Candidate KOI-2138.01
• Sub-Jovian desert of exoplanets at its boundaries. Parameter dependence along the main sequence
• The OATMEAL Survey. I. Low Stellar Obliquity in the Transiting Brown Dwarf System GPX-1
• Synergies between Asteroseismology and Exoplanetary Science
• Tropical and Extratropical General Circulation with a Meridional Reversed Temperature Gradient as Expected in a High Obliquity Planet
• MASCARA-3b: A hot Jupiter transiting a bright F7 star in an aligned orbit
• A third star in the HAT-P-7 system, and a new dynamical pathway to misaligned hot Jupiters
• Rossiter-McLaughlin detection of the 9-month period transiting exoplanet HIP41378 d
• The PFS view of TOI-677 b: A spin-orbit aligned warm Jupiter in a dynamically hot system
• TESS Giants Transiting Giants. VI. Newly Discovered Hot Jupiters Provide Evidence for Efficient Obliquity Damping after the Main Sequence
• EPIC 246851721 b: A Tropical Jupiter Transiting a Rapidly Rotating Star in a Well-Aligned Orbit
• KELT-23Ab: A Hot Jupiter Transiting a Near-Solar Twin Close to the TESS and JWST Continuous Viewing Zones
• The DEdicated MONitor of EXotransits (DEMONEX): Seven Transits of XO-4b
• Tides and angular momentum redistribution inside low-mass stars hosting planets: a first dynamical model
• Stellar winds as a mechanism to tilt the spin axes of Sun-like stars
• Directly Imaging Tidally Powered Migrating Jupiters
• Confirmation and characterisation of three giant planets detected by TESS from the FIES/NOT and Tull/McDonald spectrographs
• The First Spin-Orbit Obliquity of an M dwarf/brown dwarf System: An eccentric and aligned TOI-2119 b
• Looking For Timing Variations in the Transits of 16 Exoplanets
• The distribution of mutual inclinations arising from the stellar quadrupole moment
• Independent discovery and refined parameters of the transiting exoplanet HAT-P-14b
• WASP-190b: Tomographic discovery of a transiting hot Jupiter
• XO-7 b: A transiting hot Jupiter with a massive companion on a wide orbit
• Three Saturn-mass planets transiting F-type stars revealed with TESS and HARPS
• Starspots and spin-orbit alignment for Kepler cool host stars
• Moderately misaligned orbit of the warm sub-Saturn HD 332231 b
• Meta-analysis of photometric and asteroseismic measurements of stellar rotation periods: the Lomb-Scargle periodogram, autocorrelation function, wavelet and rotational splitting analysis for 92 Kepler asteroseismic targets
• HD 56414 b: A Warm Neptune Transiting an A-type Star
• A systematic bias in template-based RV extraction algorithms
• A hot mini-Neptune and a temperate, highly eccentric sub-Saturn around the bright K-dwarf TOI-2134
• Stellar magnetic activity and Star-Planet Interactions (invited review)
• Revisiting the Architecture of the KOI-89 System
• The Orbit of Warm Jupiter WASP-106 b is aligned with its Star
• Possible scenarios for eccentricity evolution in the extrasolar planetary system HD 181433
• Nature vs. nurture: a Bayesian framework for assessing apparent correlations between planetary orbital properties and stellar ages
• The Habitable Zones of Rapidly Rotating Main Sequence A/F Stars
• Evidence for Primordial Alignment II: Insights from Stellar Obliquity Measurements for Hot Jupiters in Compact Multiplanet Systems
• The Aligned Orbit of a Hot Jupiter around the M Dwarf TOI-4201
• Strong NUV Refractory Absorption and Dissociated Water in the Hubble Transmission Spectrum of the Ultra Hot Jupiter KELT-20 b
• Stellar Scattering and the Formation of Hot-Jupiters in Binary Systems
• The tidal excitation of r modes in a solar type star orbited by a giant planet companion and the effect on orbital evolution I: The aligned case
• Revisiting the Full Sets of Orbital Parameters for the XO-3 System: No evidence for Temporal Variation of the Spin-Orbit Angle
• Constraining Planetary Migration and Tidal Dissipation with Coeval Hot Jupiters
• Tidally-induced migration of TESS gas giants orbiting M dwarfs
• Destination exoplanet: Habitability conditions influenced bystellar winds properties
• LASR-Guided Stellar Photometric Variability Subtraction: The Linear Algorithm For Significance Reduction
• Simulations of starspot anomalies within TESS exoplanetary transit light curves -- II
• Comprehensive Bayesian Modeling of Tidal Circularization in Open Cluster Binaries part I: M 35, NGC 6819, NGC 188
• Small and Close-In Planets are Uncommon Around A-type Stars
• The star HIP 41378 potentially misaligned with its cohort of long-period planets
• TOI-2005b: An Eccentric Warm Jupiter in Spin-Orbit Alignment
• Obliquities of Exoplanet Host Stars from Precise Distances and Stellar Angular Diameters
• Secrets in the shadow: High precision stellar abundances of fast-rotating A-type exoplanet host stars through transit spectroscopy
• Dynamical Fates of S-Type Planetary Systems in Embedded Cluster Environments
• Stellar Obliquity Excitation via Disk Dispersal-Driven Resonances in Binaries
• Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT 'EM) Survey. VI: Confirmation of a Long-Period Giant Planet Discovered with a Single TESS Transit
• The low density, hot Jupiter TOI-640 b is on a polar orbit
• True spin-orbit obliquities distribution: data-driven confirmation of no clustering of misaligned planets
• Hot Exoplanet Atmospheres Resolved with Transit Spectroscopy (HEARTS) VIII. Nondetection of sodium in the atmosphere of the aligned planet KELT-10b
• The OATMEAL Survey. III. An Aligned Transiting Warm Brown Dwarf and Evidence for Quiescent Brown Dwarf Migration
• How planet-planet scattering can create high-inclination as well as long-period orbits
• Understanding exoplanet formation, structure and evolution in 2010
• Accretion of Planetary Material onto Host Stars
• Engulfment of a hot Jupiter as a possible origin of the rapid spin and internal spin misalignment of the planet-hosting red giant Kepler-56
• Bifurcated Evolutionary Pathways in Multi-planet Systems Driven by Misaligned Protoplanetary Disks
• The long history of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect and its recent applications
• The Formation of Double Hot Jupiter Systems through von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai Migration
• Planets spinning up their host stars: a twist on the age-activity relationship
• TOI-1259Ab: A Warm Jupiter Orbiting a K-dwarf White-Dwarf Binary is on a Well-aligned Orbit
• HARPS-N Reveals a Well-aligned Orbit for the Highly Eccentric Warm Jupiter TOI-4127 b
• Further Evidence for Tidal Spin-Up of Hot Jupiter Host Stars
• Constraints on the Obliquities of Kepler Planet-Hosting Stars
• Evidence for the Late Arrival of Hot Jupiters in Systems with High Host-star Obliquities
• A transiting hot Jupiter with two outer siblings orbiting an intermediate-mass post main-sequence star
• Orbital alignment of HD 332231 b
• Planets in Spin-Orbit Misalignment and the Search for Stellar Companions
• Upside down: GJ3090 b the first retrograde exoplanet around an M dwarf detected with NIRPS
• The Influence of General Relativity on the Spins of Celestial Bodies in Inclined Orbits
• TOI-1201 b: A mini-Neptune transiting a bright and moderately young M dwarf
• Nature vs. Nurture: Investigating the Effects of Measurement Uncertainties in the Assessment of Potential Trends Between Planetary and Stellar Properties
• A Uniform Search for Nearby Planetary Companions to Hot Jupiters in TESS Data Reveals Hot Jupiters are Still Lonely
• A Homogeneous Catalog of Rossiter-McLaughlin Systems: Distinct $e$-$\lambda$ Trends in Three Gas-Giant Mass Regimes
• Generating Stellar Obliquity in Systems with Broken Protoplanetary Disks
• Tidal star-planet interaction and its observed impact on stellar activity in planet-hosting wide binary systems
• Observational imprints of tidal internal gravity wave dissipation in star-planet systems
• TOI-1518b: A Misaligned Ultra-hot Jupiter with Iron in its Atmosphere