Sub-Jovian desert of exoplanets at its boundaries. Parameter dependence along the main sequence
arXiv:2301.01065 · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244846
Abstract
Context. The lack of sub-Jovian planets on orbits of days is a puzzling aspect of galaxy formation with regard to the distribution of exoplanets whose origins are currently unresolved. Aims. The possible explanations behind the formation of the sub-Jovian or Neptunian desert include several scenarios that can lead to different shapes for the boundary, predicting various dependencies between the position of the boundary and the stellar parameters. Methods. We explored the exoplanet distribution in various 2D and 3D projections, revealing the stellar-dependent substructures in the and the parameter plane. Results. We demonstrate that the upper boundary includes a range of planets, namely, inflated hot Jupiters and normal hot Jupiters, in the two parameter planes, respectively. We confirm the dependence of the boundary on several stellar parameters and, based on a fuzzy clustering analysis, we provide quantitative formulae for the dependencies in groups of smaller and larger planets. The overall period-radius distribution shows chemical substructures as well, with the boundary being dependent on volatiles and alpha-elements, alongside marginal (to none) dependence found for refractory elements. Conclusions. These findings confirm multiple plausible causes for the formation of the desert, particularly preferring those scenarios related to the irradiation-driven loss of the atmospheres of moderately massive planets as the predominant process in shaping planetary distributions.
arXiv commentAccepted for publication in A&A; 11 pages, 11 figuress
References in corpus (52)
- The 2.5 m Telescope of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
- The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)
- Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
- The PLATO 2.0 Mission
- Planetary Radii across Five Orders of Magnitude in Mass and Stellar Insolation: Application to Transits
- The Occurrence and Architecture of Exoplanetary Systems
- Hot Stars with Hot Jupiters Have High Obliquities
- Understanding the Mass-Radius Relation for Sub-Neptunes: Radius as a Proxy for Composition
- Obliquities of Hot Jupiter host stars: Evidence for tidal interactions and primordial misalignments
- The California-Kepler Survey. IV. Metal-rich Stars Host a Greater Diversity of Planets
- Dearth of short-period Neptunian exoplanets - a desert in period-mass and period-radius planes
- The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) Spectrographs
- Target Selection for the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2 Survey
- Atmospheric Escape and the Evolution of Close-in Exoplanets
- Characterization of exoplanets from their formation II: The planetary mass-radius relationship
- Hot super-Earths stripped by their host stars
- A diagram for the evaporation status of extrasolar planets
- A Study of the Shortest-Period Planets Found With Kepler
- Photoevaporation and High-Eccentricity Migration Created the Sub-Jovian Desert
- Atmospheres of low-mass planets: the "boil-off"
- A short-period censor of sub-Jupiter mass exoplanets with low density
- Atmospheric Mass Loss During Planet Formation: The Importance of Planetesimal Impacts
- Bayesian Analysis of Hot Jupiter Radius Anomalies: Evidence for Ohmic Dissipation?
- The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS). I. Bern global model of planet formation and evolution, model tests, and emerging planetary systems
- The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS). II. Planetary population of solar-like stars and overview of statistical results
- Global Models of Planet Formation and Evolution
- Mass and Mass Scalings of Super-Earths
- A remnant planetary core in the hot-Neptune desert
- Two new HATNet hot Jupiters around A stars, and the first glimpse at the occurrence rate of hot Jupiters from TESS
- LAMOST telescope reveals that Neptunian cousins of hot Jupiters are mostly single offspring of stars that are rich in heavy elements
- On the origin of the sub-Jovian desert in the orbital-period--planetary-mass plane
- Mass-Loss Evolution of Close-In Exoplanets: Evaporation of Hot Jupiters and the Effect on Population
- An Ultra-Hot Neptune in the Neptune desert
- Evidence of Three Mechanisms Explaining the Radius Anomaly of Hot Jupiters
- Metallicity-Dependent Signatures in the Kepler Planets
- The mass-period distribution of close-in exoplanets
- Survival of a planet in short-period Neptunian desert under effect of photo-evaporation
- The discovery of WASP-151b, WASP-153b, WASP-156b: Insights on giant planet migration and the upper boundary of the Neptunian desert
- The hot Jupiter period-mass distribution as a signature of in situ formation
- Pushing planets into an inner cavity by a resonant chain
- TOI-674b: an oasis in the desert of exo-Neptunes transiting a nearby M dwarf
- Vetting Kepler Planet Candidates in the Sub-Jovian Desert with Multi-Band Photometry
- Spitzer Reveals Evidence of Molecular Absorption in the Atmosphere of the Hot Neptune LTT 9979b
- Sculpting the sub-Saturn Occurrence Rate via Atmospheric Mass Loss
- K2-60b and epic 216468514b. A sub-jovian and a jovian planet from the k2 mission
- TOI-2196 b: Rare planet in the hot Neptune desert transiting a G-type star
- TOI-1696: a nearby M4 dwarf with a planet in the Neptunian desert
- The sub-Jovian desert of exoplanets: parameter dependent boundaries and implications on planet formation
- Inflated Eccentric Migration of Evolving Gas-Giants I: Accelerated Formation and Destruction of Hot and Warm Jupiters
- A test of the high-eccentricity migration scenario for close-in planets
- Why do more massive stars host larger planets?
- HST PanCET program: Non-detection of atmospheric escape in the warm Saturn-sized planet WASP-29 b
Cited by in corpus (4)
- Converting the sub-Jovian desert of exoplanets to a savanna with TESS, PLATO and Ariel
- TOI-3568 b: a super-Neptune in the sub-Jovian desert
- Confirmation of the hot super-Neptune TOI-672 b with NIRPS and HARPS and Insights into the Neptunian desert around M dwarfs
- A sub-Saturn Mass-Radius Desert for Planets with Equilibrium Temperature Less than 600 K