Why do more massive stars host larger planets?
arXiv:2107.09534 · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140563
Abstract
It has been suggested that planetary radii increase with the stellar mass, for planets below 6 R and host below 1 M. In this study, we explore whether this inferred relation between planetary size and the host star's mass can be explained by a larger planetary mass among planets orbiting more massive stars, inflation of the planetary radius due to the difference in stellar irradiation, or different planetary compositions and structures. Using exoplanetary data of planets with measured masses and radii, we investigate the relations between stellar mass and various planetary properties for G- and K- stars, and confirm that more massive stars host larger planets and more massive. We find that the differences in the planetary masses and temperatures are insufficient to explain the measured differences in radii between planets surrounding different stellar types. We show that the larger planetary radii can be explained by a larger fraction of volatile material (H-He atmospheres) among planets surrounding more massive stars. We conclude that planets around more massive stars are larger most probably as a result of larger H-He atmospheres. Our findings imply that planets forming around more massive stars tend to accrete H-He atmospheres more efficiently.
References in corpus (57)
- The PLATO 2.0 Mission
- Mass-Radius Relationships for Solid Exoplanets
- Most 1.6 Earth-Radius Planets are not Rocky
- The evaporation valley in the Kepler planets
- The Mass Dependence Between Protoplanetary Disks and their Stellar Hosts
- Understanding the Mass-Radius Relation for Sub-Neptunes: Radius as a Proxy for Composition
- The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXI. The M-dwarf sample
- Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds
- ALMA Survey of Lupus Protoplanetary Disks I: Dust and Gas Masses
- The Mass-Radius Relation for 65 Exoplanets Smaller than 4 Earth Radii
- On the radiative equilibrium of irradiated planetary atmospheres
- The California Kepler Survey VII. Precise Planet Radii Leveraging Gaia DR2 Reveal the Stellar Mass Dependence of the Planet Radius Gap
- Planet formation around stars of various masses: The snow line and the frequency of giant planets
- A Steeper than Linear Disk Mass-Stellar Mass Scaling Relation
- Ages and fundamental properties of Kepler exoplanet host stars from asteroseismology
- X-Shooter spectroscopy of young stellar objects: IV -- Accretion in low-mass stars and sub-stellar objects in Lupus
- Extrasolar planet population synthesis IV. Correlations with disk metallicity, mass and lifetime
- The California-Kepler Survey. IV. Metal-rich Stars Host a Greater Diversity of Planets
- Can we constrain interior structure of rocky exoplanets from mass and radius measurements?
- A Framework for Quantifying the Degeneracies of Exoplanet Interior Compositions
- A stellar-mass-dependent drop in planet occurrence rates
- The Mass of KOI-94d and a Relation for Planet Radius, Mass, and Incident Flux
- Protoplanetary disk lifetimes vs stellar mass and possible implications for giant planet populations
- Compositional imprints in density-distance-time: a rocky composition for close-in low-mass exoplanets from the location of the valley of evaporation
- Probabilistic Mass-Radius Relationship for Sub-Neptune-Sized Planets
- Revisited Mass-Radius relations for exoplanets below 120 Earth masses
- A generalized bayesian inference method for constraining the interiors of super Earths and sub-Neptunes
- They are Small Worlds After All: Revised Properties of Kepler M Dwarf Stars and their Planets
- Why Do T Tauri Disks Accrete?
- Mass-radius relationships for exoplanets
- Scaling the Earth: A Sensitivity Analysis of Terrestrial Exoplanetary Interior Models
- Protoplanetary Disk Masses from Stars to Brown Dwarfs
- Irradiated ocean planets bridge super-Earth and sub-Neptune populations
- Mass and Mass Scalings of Super-Earths
- The Effect of Composition on the Evolution of Giant and Intermediate-Mass Planets
- On the Ages of Exoplanet Host Stars
- The interplay between X-ray photoevaporation and planet formation
- Mass-Radius Relations and Core-Envelope Decompositions of Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
- Critical core mass for enriched envelopes: the role of H2O condensation
- A Super-Solar Metallicity For Stars With Hot Rocky Exoplanets
- Chemical Fingerprints of Formation in Rocky Super-Earths' Data
- Formation and composition of planets around very low mass stars
- Heavy metal rules. I. Exoplanet incidence and metallicity
- Constraints on Super-Earths Interiors from Stellar Abundances
- Metallicity-Dependent Signatures in the Kepler Planets
- Predicting Exoplanets Mass and Radius: A Nonparametric Approach
- A Joint Mass-Radius-Period Distribution of Exoplanets
- Threshold radii of volatile-rich planets
- Most super-Earths formed by dry pebble accretion are less massive than 5 Earth masses
- Impact of the measured parameters of exoplanets on the inferred internal structure
- Machine learning inference of the interior structure of low-mass exoplanets
- A Universal Break in the Planet-to-Star Mass-Ratio Function of Kepler MKG stars
- Theoretical vs. observational uncertainties: composition of giant exoplanets
- The role of planetary formation and evolution in shaping the composition of exoplanetary atmospheres
- CKS IX: Revisiting the Minimum-Mass Extrasolar Nebula with Precise Stellar Parameters
- Exoplanet Populations and their Dependence on Host Star Properties
- Host Star Dependence of Small Planet Mass-Radius Distributions
Cited by in corpus (9)
- SWEET-Cat 2.0: The Cat just got SWEETer; Higher quality spectra and precise parallaxes from GAIA eDR3
- Ariel stellar characterisation: I -- homogeneous stellar parameters of 187 FGK planet host stars Description and validation of the method
- Eta-Earth Revisited II: Deriving a Maximum Number of Earth-like Habitats in the Galactic Disk
- Sub-Jovian desert of exoplanets at its boundaries. Parameter dependence along the main sequence
- Ariel stellar characterisation III. Fast rotators and new FGK stars in the Ariel Mission Candidate Sample
- The Effect of Accretion Rate and Composition on the Structure of Ice-rich Super-Earths
- The Most Common Habitable Planets III -- Modeling Temperature Forcing and Surface Conditions on Rocky Exoplanets and Exomoons
- On the Ordering of Exoplanet Systems
- Constraining stellar rotation and planetary atmospheric evolution of a dozen systems hosting sub-Neptunes and super-Earths