TOI-1696: a nearby M4 dwarf with a $3R_{\oplus }$ planet in the Neptunian desert

Abstract

We present the discovery and validation of a temperate sub-Neptune around the nearby mid-M dwarf TIC 470381900 (TOI-1696), with a radius of $3.09\pm 0.11R_{\oplus }$ and an orbital period of $2.5\mathrm{days}$, using a combination of TESS and follow-up observations using ground-based telescopes. Joint analysis of multi-band photometry from TESS, MuSCAT, MuSCAT3, Sinistro, and KeplerCam confirmed the transit signal to be achromatic as well as refined the orbital ephemeris. High-resolution imaging with Gemini/'Alopeke and high-resolution spectroscopy with the Subaru/IRD confirmed that there are no stellar companions or background sources to the star. The spectroscopic observations with IRD and IRTF/SpeX were used to determine the stellar parameters, and found the host star is an M4 dwarf with an effective temperature of $T_{eff}=3185\pm 76\mathrm{K}$ and a metallicity of [Fe/H] $=0.336\pm 0.060\mathrm{dex}$. The radial velocities measured from IRD set a $2$-$\sigma$ upper limit on the planetary mass to be $48.8M_{\oplus }$. The large radius ratio ($R_p/R_{\star }\sim 0.1$) and the relatively bright NIR magnitude ($J=12.2\mathrm{mag}$) make this planet an attractive target for further followup observations. TOI-1696b is one of the planets belonging to the Neptunian desert with the highest transmission spectroscopy metric discovered to date, making it an interesting candidate for atmospheric characterizations with JWST.

25 pages, 18 figures, 3 tables, Submitted to AJ

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