The TESS Objects of Interest Catalog from the TESS Prime Mission

Abstract

We present 2,241 exoplanet candidates identified with data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) during its two-year prime mission. We list these candidates in the TESS Objects of Interest (TOI) Catalog, which includes both new planet candidates found by TESS and previously-known planets recovered by TESS observations. We describe the process used to identify TOIs and investigate the characteristics of the new planet candidates, and discuss some notable TESS planet discoveries. The TOI Catalog includes an unprecedented number of small planet candidates around nearby bright stars, which are well-suited for detailed follow-up observations. The TESS data products for the Prime Mission (Sectors 1-26), including the TOI Catalog, light curves, full-frame images, and target pixel files, are publicly available on the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.

39 pages, 16 figures. The Prime Mission TOI Catalog is included in the ancillary data as a CSV. For the most up-to-date catalog, refer to https://tess.mit.edu/toi-releases/

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Cited by in corpus (217)

• TESS Eclipsing Binary Stars. I. Short cadence observations of 4584 eclipsing binaries in Sectors 1-26
• A JWST transmission spectrum of a nearby Earth-sized exoplanet
• Occurrence rate of hot Jupiters around early-type M dwarfs based on TESS data
• TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) VI: an 11 Myr giant planet transiting a very low-mass star in Lower Centaurus Crux
• Detection of Atmospheric Escape from Four Young Mini Neptunes
• TOI-1136 is a Young, Coplanar, Aligned Planetary System in a Pristine Resonant Chain
• ExoMiner: A Highly Accurate and Explainable Deep Learning Classifier that Validates 301 New Exoplanets
• Two temperate super-Earths transiting a nearby late-type M dwarf
• A resonant sextuplet of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright star HD 110067
• The TESS Faint Star Search: 1,617 TOIs from the TESS Primary Mission
• Exploring the Dependence of Hot Jupiter Occurrence Rates on Stellar Mass with TESS
• A pair of Sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf TOI-1064 characterised with CHEOPS
• An all-sky sample of intermediate- to high-mass OBA-type eclipsing binaries observed by TESS
• TOI-1452 b: SPIRou and TESS reveal a super-Earth in a temperate orbit transiting an M4 dwarf
• Hubble Space Telescope transmission spectroscopy for the temperate sub-Neptune TOI-270d: a possible hydrogen-rich atmosphere containing water vapour
• The Ariel Target List: The Impact of TESS and the Potential for Characterising Multiple Planets Within a System
• The young HD 73583 (TOI-560) planetary system: Two 10-M${}_{\oplus }$ mini-Neptunes transiting a 500-Myr-old, bright, and active K dwarf
• Predicting the Exoplanet Yield of the TESS Prime and Extended Missions Through Years 1-7
• Uncovering the true periods of the young sub-Neptunes orbiting TOI-2076
• Warm Jupiters in TESS Full-Frame Images: A Catalog and Observed Eccentricity Distribution for Year 1
• An unusually low-density super-Earth transiting the bright early-type M-dwarf GJ 1018 (TOI-244)
• TOI-530b: A giant planet transiting an M dwarf detected by TESS
• A Possible Alignment Between the Orbits of Planetary Systems and their Visual Binary Companions
• TESS Delivers Five New Hot Giant Planets Orbiting Bright Stars from the Full Frame Images
• The TESS-Keck Survey: Science Goals and Target Selection
• HD 23472: A multi-planetary system with three super-Earths and two potential super-Mercuries
• TESS Giants Transiting Giants II: The hottest Jupiters orbiting evolved stars
• The TESS-Keck Survey. VIII. Confirmation of a Transiting Giant Planet on an Eccentric 261 day Orbit with the Automated Planet Finder Telescope
• The TESS Grand Unified Hot Jupiter Survey. II. Twenty New Giant Planets
• TOI-1759 b: a transiting sub-Neptune around a low mass star characterized with SPIRou and TESS
• TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) IX: a 27 Myr extended population of Lower-Centaurus Crux with a transiting two-planet system
• A super-massive Neptune-sized planet
• The Discovery of a Planetary Companion Interior to Hot Jupiter WASP-132 b
• A pair of warm giant planets near the 2:1 mean motion resonance around the K-dwarf star TOI-2202
• Validation of 13 Hot and Potentially Terrestrial TESS Planets
• A Second Earth-Sized Planet in the Habitable Zone of the M Dwarf, TOI-700
• TOI-5005 b: A super-Neptune in the savanna near the ridge
• TOI-2525 b and c: A pair of massive warm giant planets with a strong transit timing variations revealed by TESS
• A super-Earth and a mini-Neptune near the 2:1 MMR straddling the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf TOI-2096
• HD 191939 revisited: New and refined planet mass determinations, and a new planet in the habitable zone
• A 1.55 R${}_{\oplus }$ habitable-zone planet hosted by TOI-715, an M4 star near the ecliptic South Pole
• TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) VII : Membership, rotation, and lithium in the young cluster Group-X and a new young exoplanet
• Examining the orbital decay targets KELT-9 b, KELT-16 b and WASP-4 b, and the transit-timing variations of HD 97658 b
• TOI-3235 b: a transiting giant planet around an M4 dwarf star
• TOI-1231 b: A Temperate, Neptune-Sized Planet Transiting the Nearby M3 Dwarf NLTT 24399
• TOI-836: A super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf
• TOI-1468: A system of two transiting planets, a super-Earth and a mini-Neptune, on opposite sides of the radius valley
• Two long-period transiting exoplanets on eccentric orbits: NGTS-20 b (TOI-5152 b) and TOI-5153 b
• Validation of TESS exoplanet candidates orbiting solar analogues in the all-sky PLATO input catalogue
• TESS spots a mini-neptune interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system
• Another Shipment of Six Short-Period Giant Planets from TESS
• The PLATO field selection process. II. Characterization of LOPS2, the first long-pointing field
• TOI-1695 b: A Water World Orbiting an Early M Dwarf in the Planet Radius Valley
• A transiting, temperate mini-Neptune orbiting the M dwarf TOI-1759 unveiled by TESS
• TOI-2257 b: A highly eccentric long-period sub-Neptune transiting a nearby M dwarf
• The TESS Grand Unified Hot Jupiter Survey. I. Ten TESS Planets
• Discovery and mass measurement of the hot, transiting, Earth-sized planet GJ 3929 b
• Two Warm Neptunes transiting HIP 9618 revealed by TESS & Cheops
• Confirmation of an He I evaporating atmosphere around the 650-Myr-old sub-Neptune HD235088 b (TOI-1430 b) with CARMENES
• HD 28109 hosts a trio of transiting Neptunian planets including a near-resonant pair, confirmed by ASTEP from Antarctica
• Identifying Exoplanets with Deep Learning. V. Improved Light Curve Classification for TESS Full Frame Image Observations
• Gliese 12 b: A temperate Earth-sized planet at 12 pc ideal for atmospheric transmission spectroscopy
• TOI-2119: A transiting brown dwarf orbiting an active M-dwarf from NASA's TESS mission
• A 38 Million Year Old Neptune-Sized Planet in the Kepler Field
• Two super-Earths at the edge of the habitable zone of the nearby M dwarf TOI-2095
• The TESS-Keck Survey. XV. Precise Properties of 108 TESS Planets and Their Host Stars
• Assessing $TESS$'s Yield of Rocky Planets Around Nearby M Dwarfs
• TOI-2046b, TOI-1181b and TOI-1516b, three new hot Jupiters from \textit{TESS}: planets orbiting a young star, a subgiant and a normal star
• TOI-1670 b and c: An Inner Sub-Neptune with an Outer Warm Jupiter Unlikely to have Originated from High-Eccentricity Migration
• TOI-1268b: the youngest, hot, Saturn-mass transiting exoplanet
• Planet Mass and Metallicity: The Exoplanets and Solar System Connection
• Characterization of a set of small planets with TESS and CHEOPS and an analysis of photometric performance
• HIP 33609 b: An Eccentric Brown Dwarf Transiting a V=7.3 Rapidly Rotating B-Star
• TOI-4010: A System of Three Large Short-Period Planets With a Massive Long-Period Companion
• The Flaring TESS Objects of Interest: Flare Rates for all Two Minute Cadence TESS Planet Candidates
• The young mini-Neptune HD 207496b that is either a naked core or on the verge of becoming one
• The HD 93963 A transiting system: A 1.04d super-Earth and a 3.65 d sub-Neptune discovered by TESS and CHEOPS
• TOI-1696: a nearby M4 dwarf with a $3R_{\oplus }$ planet in the Neptunian desert
• GJ 3090 b: one of the most favourable mini-Neptune for atmospheric characterisation
• TKS V. Twin sub-Neptunes Transiting the Nearby G Star HD 63935
• The LHS 1678 System: Two Earth-Sized Transiting Planets and an Astrometric Companion Orbiting an M Dwarf Near the Convective Boundary at 20 pc
• A Mini-Neptune Orbiting the Metal-poor K Dwarf BD+29 2654
• TOI-2285b: A 1.7 Earth-radius Planet Near the Habitable Zone around a Nearby M Dwarf
• Prospects from TESS and Gaia to constrain the flatness of planetary systems
• Identify Light-Curve Signals with Deep Learning Based Object Detection Algorithm. I. Transit Detection
• TOI-1075 b: A Dense, Massive, Ultra-Short Period Hot Super-Earth Straddling the Radius Gap
• Transit Timing Variation of XO-3b: Evidence for Tidal Evolution of Hot Jupiter with High Eccentricity
• Three super-Earths and a possible water world from TESS and ESPRESSO
• The TESS-Keck Survey. VI. Two Eccentric sub-Neptunes Orbiting HIP-97166
• The GAPS Programme at TNG XL: A puffy and warm Neptune-sized planet and an outer Neptune-mass candidate orbiting the solar-type star TOI-1422
• Evaluating the Evidence for Water World Populations using Mixture Models
• TOI-4562 b: A highly eccentric temperate Jupiter analog orbiting a young field star
• TESS Giants Transiting Giants III: An eccentric warm Jupiter supports a period-eccentricity relation for giant planets transiting evolved stars
• TESS-Keck Survey XIV: Two giant exoplanets from the Distant Giants Survey
• A hot sub-Neptune in the desert and a temperate super-Earth around faint M dwarfs: Color validation of TOI-4479b and TOI-2081b
• Refined parameters of the HD 22946 planetary system and the true orbital period of planet d
• TESS discovery of a super-Earth orbiting the M dwarf star TOI-1680
• Hundreds of TESS exoplanets might be larger than we thought
• TESS and CHEOPS Discover Two Warm Sub-Neptunes Transiting the Bright K-dwarf HD 15906
• TOI-837b is a Young Saturn-sized Exoplanet with a Massive 70 $M_{\oplus }$ Core
• TESS Timings of 31 Hot Jupiters with Ephemeris Uncertainties
• TOI-1736 and TOI-2141: two systems including sub-Neptunes around solar analogs revealed by TESS and SOPHIE
• Confirmation and characterisation of three giant planets detected by TESS from the FIES/NOT and Tull/McDonald spectrographs
• A close-in puffy Neptune with hidden friends: The enigma of TOI 620
• TOI-1749: an M dwarf with a Trio of Planets including a Near-Resonant Pair
• Characterization of seven transiting systems including four warm Jupiters from SOPHIE and TESS
• Three Saturn-mass planets transiting F-type stars revealed with TESS and HARPS
• TOI-1055 b: Neptunian planet characterised with HARPS, TESS, and CHEOPS
• Characterization of the HD 108236 system with CHEOPS and TESS. Confirmation of a fifth transiting planet
• Detection capability of ground-based meter-sized telescopes for shallow exoplanet transits
• A dearth of close-in planets around rapidly rotating stars or a dearth of data?
• A Search for Exoplanets in Open Clusters and Young Associations based on TESS Objects of Interest
• Three Warm Jupiters orbiting TOI-6628, TOI-3837, TOI-5027 and one sub-Saturn orbiting TOI-2328
• An Earth-sized Planet around an M5 Dwarf Star at 22 pc
• TOI-712: a system of adolescent mini-Neptunes extending to the habitable zone
• Radial velocity confirmation of a hot super-Neptune discovered by TESS with a warm Saturn-mass companion
• Discovery of TOI-1260d and the characterisation of the multi-planet system
• Two warm Earth-sized exoplanets and an Earth-sized candidate in the M5V-M6V binary system TOI-2267
• The TESS Mission Target Selection Procedure
• DIAmante TESS AutoRegressive Planet Search (DTARPS): I. Analysis of 0.9 Million Light Curves
• The GAPS programme at TNG LXIV: An inner eccentric sub-Neptune and an outer sub-Neptune-mass candidate around BD+00 444 (TOI-2443)
• TOI-4336 A b: A temperate sub-Neptune ripe for atmospheric characterization in a nearby triple M-dwarf system
• A hot mini-Neptune and a temperate, highly eccentric sub-Saturn around the bright K-dwarf TOI-2134
• Validation of a Third Planet in the LHS 1678 System
• TOI-908: a planet at the edge of the Neptune desert transiting a G-type star
• Dynamical Architectures of S-type Transiting Planets in Binaries I: Target Selection using Hipparcos and Gaia proper motion anomalies
• The inflated, eccentric warm Jupiter TOI-4914 b orbiting a metal-poor star, and the hot Jupiters TOI-2714 b and TOI-2981 b
• Evidence for Primordial Alignment II: Insights from Stellar Obliquity Measurements for Hot Jupiters in Compact Multiplanet Systems
• A Low-mass, Pre-main-sequence Eclipsing Binary in the 40 Myr Columba Association -- Fundamental Stellar Parameters and Modeling the Effect of Star Spots
• TOI-5375 B: A Very Low Mass Star at the Hydrogen-Burning Limit Orbiting an Early M-type Star
• Determining Which Binary Component Hosts the TESS Transiting Planet
• Precision timing of eclipsing binaries from TESS full frame images. Method and performance
• Discovery and characterisation of two Neptune-mass planets orbiting HD 212729 with TESS
• Tentative Evidence for Transit Timing Variations of WASP-161b
• TOI-733 b: a planet in the small-planet radius valley orbiting a Sun-like star
• Planet Hunters TESS V: a planetary system around a binary star, including a mini-Neptune in the habitable zone
• DIAmante TESS AutoRegressive Planet Search (DTARPS): II. Hundreds of New TESS Candidate Exoplanets
• Variability of Known Exoplanet Host Stars Observed by TESS
• The Hot-Neptune Initiative (HONEI) I. Two hot sub-Neptunes on a close-in, eccentric orbit (TOI-5800 b) and a farther-out, circular orbit (TOI-5817 b)
• Astrometric precision tests on TESS data
• Deep and fast Solar System flybys: The controversial case of WD 0810-353
• TOI-2498 b: A hot bloated super-Neptune within the Neptune desert
• Hunting for exocomet transits in the TESS database using the Random Forest method
• Small and Close-In Planets are Uncommon Around A-type Stars
• TOI-2005b: An Eccentric Warm Jupiter in Spin-Orbit Alignment
• NIRPS and TESS reveal a peculiar system around the M dwarf TOI-756: A transiting sub-Neptune and a cold eccentric giant
• A Transiting Giant on a 7.7-Year Orbit Revealed by TTVs in the TOI-201 System
• Discovery and characterization of a dense sub-Saturn TOI-6651b
• Searching for Gravitational-Wave Counterparts using the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• Revisiting Kepler Transiting Systems: Unvetting Planets and Constraining Relationships among Harmonics in Phase Curves
• TOI-1199 b and TOI-1273 b: Two new transiting hot Saturns detected and characterized with SOPHIE and TESS
• Confirmation of four hot Jupiters detected by TESS using follow-up spectroscopy from MaHPS at Wendelstein together with NEID and TRES
• TOI-3568 b: a super-Neptune in the sub-Jovian desert
• Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT 'EM) Survey. VI: Confirmation of a Long-Period Giant Planet Discovered with a Single TESS Transit
• A Transiting Super-Earth in the Radius Valley and An Outer Planet Candidate Around HD 307842
• Exoplanet Transit Candidate Identification in TESS Full-Frame Images via a Transformer-Based Algorithm
• TIC 5724661: A Long-Period Binary with a Pulsating sdB Star and $\delta$ Scuti Variable
• TESS Discovery of Twin Planets near 2:1 Resonance around Early M-Dwarf TOI 4342
• Migration and Evolution of giant ExoPlanets (MEEP) II: Super-Jupiters and Lithium-rich Host Stars
• A homogeneous TTV investigation of all TESS systems with a confirmed single transiting planet
• zoomies: A tool to infer stellar age from vertical action in Gaia data
• TOI-3288 b and TOI-4666 b: two gas giants transiting low-mass stars characterised by NIRPS
• Do Tides Destabilize Trojan Exoplanets?
• gaspery: Optimized Scheduling of Radial Velocity Follow-Up Observations for Active Host Stars
• A high stellar multiplicity rate amongst TESS planet candidates in the Neptunian desert using Gaia DR3 astrometry
• TESS and HARPS-N unveil two planets transiting TOI-1453. A super-Earth and one of the lowest mass sub-Neptunes
• TOI-2458 b: A mini-Neptune consistent with in situ hot Jupiter formation
• BD-14 3065b (TOI-4987b): from giant planet to brown dwarf: evidence for deuterium burning in old age?
• Dynamical Architectures of S-type Transiting Planets in Binaries II: A Dichotomy in Orbital Alignment of Small Planets in Close Binary Systems
• MANGOS II: Five new giant planets orbiting low-mass stars
• Separated twins or just siblings? A multi-planet system around an M dwarf including a cool sub-Neptune
• A joint effort to discover and characterize two resonant mini Neptunes around TOI-1803 with TESS, HARPS-N and CHEOPS
• TOI-2322: two transiting rocky planets close to the stellar rotation period and its first harmonic
• Hot Earth or Young Venus? A nearby transiting rocky planet mystery
• DART-Vetter: A Deep LeARning Tool for automatic triage of exoplanet candidates
• Search for Exoplanetary Ring Systems with TESS
• A transiting rocky super-Earth and a non-transiting sub-Neptune orbiting the M dwarf TOI-771
• A Bayesian Monte Carlo assessment of orbital stability in the late stages of planetary system formation
• Homogeneous search for spot transits in Kepler and TESS photometry of K $-$ M-type main-sequence stars
• TOI-7166 b: A Habitable Zone mini-Neptune planet around a nearby low-mass star
• Two Bright M Dwarfs Hosting Ultra-Short-Period Super-Earths with Earth-like Compositions
• Planet Hunters NGTS: New Planet Candidates from a Citizen Science Search of the Next Generation Transit Survey Public Data
• Quantifying the Effect of Short-timescale Stellar Activity Upon Transit Detection in M Dwarfs
• ASTEP confirmation of a pair of long-period Jupiter-sized planets with extremely low densities transiting TOI-791
• Three Hot Jupiters transiting K-dwarfs with a significant heavy element mass
• Radio prospects of extrasolar aurorae polaris as a probe of planetary magnetism
• Discovery of a transiting hot water-world candidate orbiting Ross 176 with TESS and CARMENES
• The GAPS programme at TNG LXXI. A sub-Neptune suitable for atmospheric characterization in a multiplanet and mutually inclined system orbiting the bright K dwarf TOI-5789 (HIP 99452)
• Gas-depleted planet formation occurred in the four-planet system around the red dwarf LHS 1903
• Densities of small planets around the M dwarfs TOI-4336 A and TOI-4342 with ESPRESSO: Three sub-Neptunes, one super-Earth, and a Neptune-mass candidate
• A distant brown dwarf coplanar to a warm Jupiter and a hot super-Earth
• Confirmation of the hot super-Neptune TOI-672 b with NIRPS and HARPS and Insights into the Neptunian desert around M dwarfs
• TOI-4552 b: A new ultra-short period rocky world revealed by NIRPS and TESS
• Uncovering the Rapidly Evolving Orbits of the Dynamic TOI-201 System
• Two New roAp Stars Discovered with TESS
• NGTS-EB-8: A double-lined eclipsing M+M binary discovered by citizen scientists
• Variability of Galactic blue supergiants observed with TESS
• The TESS-Keck Survey. XIX. A Warm Transiting Sub-Saturn Mass Planet and a non-Transiting Saturn Mass Planet Orbiting a Solar Analog
• Orbital alignment of HD 332231 b
• MOA-2020-BLG-135Lb: A New Neptune-class Planet for the Extended MOA-II Exoplanet Microlens Statistical Analysis
• The effect of late giant collisions on the atmospheres of protoplanets and the formation of cold sub-Saturns
• Detection of periodic transit timing variations in warm sub-Saturn HD 332231 b
• The TESS-Keck Survey. XI. Mass Measurements for Four Transiting sub-Neptunes orbiting K dwarf TOI-1246
• TOI-6884b: A low-mass brown dwarf transiting a slightly evolved star
• A Planetary Illusion's Funeral: Non-detection of a Gaia DR3 Exoplanet Candidate, and the Role of Intermediate-precision Radial Velocities in Gaia Exoplanet Follow-up
• Hidden Gems in TESS: sherlock finds two new rocky planets around nearby M dwarfs
• Dynamical mass determination and partial eclipses of the heartbeat star HD 181793
• A large sub-Neptune transiting the thick-disk M4V TOI-2406
• Multicolour Validation of Two Temperate Mini-Neptunes Around M-dwarf Habitable Zones
• Generating Stellar Obliquity in Systems with Broken Protoplanetary Disks
• A Uniform Search for Nearby Planetary Companions to Hot Jupiters in TESS Data Reveals Hot Jupiters are Still Lonely
• SpinSpotter: An Automated Algorithm for Identifying Stellar Rotation Periods With Autocorrelation Analysis
• Revisiting BD-06 1339b: A Likely False Positive Caused by Stellar Activity
• Validating the Orbital Periods of the Coolest TESS Exoplanet Candidates
• TOI-1438: A rare system with two short-period sub-Neptunes and a tentative long-period Jupiter-like planet orbiting a K0V star
• TOI-333b: A Neptune Desert planet around a F7V star
• Friends and Foes: Conditional Occurrence Rates of Exoplanet Companions and their Impact on Radial Velocity Follow-up Surveys