A resonant sextuplet of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright star HD 110067

Abstract

Planets with radii between that of the Earth and Neptune (hereafter referred to as sub-Neptunes) are found in close-in orbits around more than half of all Sun-like stars. Yet, their composition, formation, and evolution remain poorly understood. The study of multi-planetary systems offers an opportunity to investigate the outcomes of planet formation and evolution while controlling for initial conditions and environment. Those in resonance (with their orbital periods related by a ratio of small integers) are particularly valuable because they imply a system architecture practically unchanged since its birth. Here, we present the observations of six transiting planets around the bright nearby star HD 110067. We find that the planets follow a chain of resonant orbits. A dynamical study of the innermost planet triplet allowed the prediction and later confirmation of the orbits of the rest of the planets in the system. The six planets are found to be sub-Neptunes with radii ranging from 1.94 to 2.85 Re. Three of the planets have measured masses, yielding low bulk densities that suggest the presence of large hydrogen-dominated atmospheres.

Published in Nature on November 30, 2023. Supplementary Information can be found in the online version of the paper in the journal

References in corpus (71)

• Array Programming with NumPy
• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• Asymptotic Equivalence of Bayes Cross Validation and Widely Applicable Information Criterion in Singular Learning Theory
• The generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram. A new formalism for the floating-mean and Keplerian periodograms
• Gaia Early Data Release 3: Parallax bias versus magnitude, colour, and position
• Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars: Dependence on Planetary Mass
• Growth Model Interpretation of Planet Size Distribution
• New Grids of ATLAS9 Model Atmospheres
• Spectrum radial velocity analyser (SERVAL). High-precision radial velocities and two alternative spectral indicators
• The TESS Objects of Interest Catalog from the TESS Prime Mission
• Can we constrain interior structure of rocky exoplanets from mass and radius measurements?
• A new code for automatic determination of equivalent widths: Automatic Routine for line Equivalent widths in stellar Spectra (ARES)
• The CHEOPS mission
• Spitzer Secondary Eclipses of the Dense, Modestly-irradiated, Giant Exoplanet HAT-P-20b Using Pixel-Level Decorrelation
• Generalized Portrait Quality Assessment
• SOAP 2.0: A tool to estimate the photometric and radial velocity variations induced by stellar spots and plages
• The Kepler Follow-Up Observation Program. I. A Catalog of Companions to Kepler Stars from High-Resolution Imaging
• CLES, Code Liegeois d'Evolution Stellaire
• Revisited Mass-Radius relations for exoplanets below 120 Earth masses
• EVEREST: Pixel Level Decorrelation of K2 Light curves
• Exoplanet Orbital Eccentricities Derived From LAMOST-Kepler Analysis
• Stellar activity of planetary host star HD 189733
• A resonant chain of four transiting, sub-Neptune planets
• ARES v2 - new features and improved performance
• A generalized bayesian inference method for constraining the interiors of super Earths and sub-Neptunes
• Six transiting planets and a chain of Laplace resonances in TOI-178
• AQUA: A Collection of H${}_2$O Equations of State for Planetary Models
• The nature and origins of sub-Neptune size planets
• The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS). II. Planetary population of solar-like stars and overview of statistical results
• Revising the ages of planet-hosting stars
• SWEET-Cat 2.0: The Cat just got SWEETer; Higher quality spectra and precise parallaxes from GAIA eDR3
• A super-Earth and a sub-Neptune orbiting the bright, quiet M3 dwarf TOI-1266
• pyaneti II: A multidimensional Gaussian process approach to analysing spectroscopic time-series
• From planetesimals to planets: volatile molecules
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Radial velocities and activity indicators from cross-correlation functions with weighted binary masks
• Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth ${\nu }^2$ Lupi d with $CHEOPS$
• CHEOPS observations of the HD 108236 planetary system: A fifth planet, improved ephemerides, and planetary radii
• The Exoplanet Radius Valley from Gas-driven Planet Migration and Breaking of Resonant Chains
• Diving Beneath the Sea of Stellar Activity: Chromatic Radial Velocities of the Young AU Mic Planetary System
• TOI-1136 is a Young, Coplanar, Aligned Planetary System in a Pristine Resonant Chain
• Radial Velocity Fitting Challenge. I. Simulating the data set including realistic stellar radial-velocity signals
• Unveiling shrouded oceans on temperate sub-Neptunes via transit signatures of solubility equilibria vs. gas thermochemistry
• WASP-186 and WASP-187: two hot Jupiters discovered by SuperWASP and SOPHIE with additional observations by TESS
• A pair of Sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf TOI-1064 characterised with CHEOPS
• MuSCAT2 multicolour validation of TESS candidates: an ultra-short-period substellar object around an M dwarf
• Reinvestigating $\alpha$ Cen AB in light of asteroseismic forward and inverse methods
• Analytical model of multi-planetary resonant chains and constraints on migration scenarios
• Gaia Search for stellar Companions of TESS Objects of Interest
• Overfitting Affects the Reliability of Radial Velocity Mass Estimates of the V1298 Tau Planets
• CHEOPS Precision Phase Curve of the Super-Earth 55 Cnc e
• One year of AU Mic with HARPS: I -- measuring the masses of the two transiting planets
• The young HD 73583 (TOI-560) planetary system: Two 10-M${}_{\oplus }$ mini-Neptunes transiting a 500-Myr-old, bright, and active K dwarf
• Exoplanet characterisation in the longest known resonant chain: the K2-138 system seen by HARPS
• TOI-2076 and TOI-1807: Two young, comoving planetary systems within 50 pc identified by TESS that are ideal candidates for further follow-up
• TOI-431/HIP 26013: a super-Earth and a sub-Neptune transiting a bright, early K dwarf, with a third RV planet
• Uncovering the true periods of the young sub-Neptunes orbiting TOI-2076
• Gaia Search for stellar Companions of TESS Objects of Interest II
• Three body resonances in close orbiting planetary systems: Tidal dissipation and orbital evolution
• Unbiasing the density of TTV-characterised sub-Neptunes: Update of the mass-radius relationship of 34 Kepler planets
• Two long-period transiting exoplanets on eccentric orbits: NGTS-20 b (TOI-5152 b) and TOI-5153 b
• TOI-2257 b: A highly eccentric long-period sub-Neptune transiting a nearby M dwarf
• Resonant Chains of Exoplanets: Libration Centers for Three-body Angles
• MCMCI: A code to fully characterise an exoplanetary system
• Two Warm Neptunes transiting HIP 9618 revealed by TESS & Cheops
• A Five-Planet Resonant Chain: Reevaluation of the Kepler-80 System
• TESS and CHEOPS Discover Two Warm Sub-Neptunes Transiting the Bright K-dwarf HD 15906
• Accounting for stellar activity signals in radial-velocity data by using Change Point Detection techniques
• TOI-1055 b: Neptunian planet characterised with HARPS, TESS, and CHEOPS
• Inferring Shallow Surfaces on sub-Neptune Exoplanets with JWST
• The changing face of AU Mic b: stellar spots, spin-orbit commensurability, and Transit Timing Variations as seen by CHEOPS and TESS

Cited by in corpus (16)

• Unveiling the internal structure and formation history of the three planets transiting HIP 29442 (TOI-469) with CHEOPS
• The six-planet resonant chain of HD 110067
• TOI-837b is a Young Saturn-sized Exoplanet with a Massive 70 $M_{\oplus }$ Core
• Ariel stellar characterisation II. Chemical abundances of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen for 181 planet-host FGK dwarf stars
• Stellar obliquities of eight close-in gas giant exoplanets
• Photo-dynamical characterisation of the TOI-178 resonant chain
• Two neighbours of the ultra-short-period Earth-sized planet K2-157 b in the warm Neptunian savanna
• Radii, masses, and transit-timing variations of the three-planet system orbiting the naked-eye star TOI-396
• Transit Timing Variations in HIP 41378: CHEOPS and TESS confirm a non-transiting sixth planet in the system
• Higher-Order Mean-Motion Resonances Can Form in Type-I Disk Migration
• The Dynamical History of the Kepler-221 Planet System
• Particle dynamics in TOI-178 planetary system
• Three-body Mean Motion Resonance Chains as a Delivery Mechanism for White Dwarf Pollution
• The multi-planet system TOI-5624: Four transiting sub-Neptunes with an outer companion revealed by transit-timing variations
• Stability of a cluster-disrupted mean-motion resonance (chain) in HR 8799 and PDS 70
• Modelling the Milky Way's exoplanet population based on cosmological galaxy simulations