A Five-Planet Resonant Chain: Reevaluation of the Kepler-80 System

Abstract

Since the launch of the Kepler space telescope in 2009 and the subsequent K2 mission, hundreds of multi-planet systems have been discovered. The study of such systems, both as individual systems and as a population, leads to a better understanding of planetary formation and evolution. Kepler-80, a K-dwarf hosting six super-Earths, was the first system known to have four planets in a chain of resonances, a repeated geometric configuration. Transiting planets in resonant chains can enable us to estimate not only the planets' orbits and sizes but also their masses. Since the original resonance analysis and TTV fitting of Kepler-80, a new planet has been discovered whose signal likely altered the measured masses of the other planets. Here, we determine masses and orbits for all six planets hosted by Kepler-80 by direct forward photodynamical modeling of the lightcurve of this system. We then explore the resonant behaviour of the system. We find that the four middle planets are in a resonant chain, but that the outermost planet only dynamically interacts in $\sim 14$\% of our solutions. We also find that the system and its dynamic behaviour are consistent with \emph{in situ} formation and compare our results to two other resonant chain systems, Kepler-60 and TRAPPIST-1.

arXiv comment11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in AJ

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• Updated Catalog of Kepler Planet Candidates: Focus on Accuracy and Orbital Periods
• Running The Gauntlet -- Survival of Small Circumbinary Planets Migrating Through Destabilising Resonances
• Tidal interactions shape period ratios in planetary systems with three-body resonant chains
• Kepler-80 Revisited: Assessing the Participation of a Newly Discovered Planet in the Resonant Chain
• exoMMR: a New Python Package to Confirm and Characterize Mean Motion Resonances
• Resonant chains in triple-planetary systems
• The Dynamical History of the Kepler-221 Planet System
• Orbital stability of compact three-planet systems III. The role of three-body resonances
• The Dynamical Environment of Kepler-223 Planetary System
• Influence of Modeling Assumptions on the Inferred Dynamical State of Resonant Systems: A Case Study of the HD 45364 System