The California-Kepler Survey. III. A Gap in the Radius Distribution of Small Planets

Abstract

The size of a planet is an observable property directly connected to the physics of its formation and evolution. We used precise radius measurements from the California-Kepler Survey (CKS) to study the size distribution of 2025 $\text{Kepler}$ planets in fine detail. We detect a factor of $\ge$2 deficit in the occurrence rate distribution at 1.5-2.0 R${}_{\oplus }$. This gap splits the population of close-in ($P$ < 100 d) small planets into two size regimes: R${}_P$ < 1.5 R${}_{\oplus }$ and R${}_P$ = 2.0-3.0 R${}_{\oplus }$, with few planets in between. Planets in these two regimes have nearly the same intrinsic frequency based on occurrence measurements that account for planet detection efficiencies. The paucity of planets between 1.5 and 2.0 R${}_{\oplus }$ supports the emerging picture that close-in planets smaller than Neptune are composed of rocky cores measuring 1.5 R${}_{\oplus }$ or smaller with varying amounts of low-density gas that determine their total sizes.

Paper III in the California-Kepler Survey series, accepted to the Astronomical Journal

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• The fundamentals of Lyman-alpha exoplanet transits
• K2-264: A transiting multi-planet system in the Praesepe open cluster
• HD 89345: a bright oscillating star hosting a transiting warm Saturn-sized planet observed by K2
• Caught in the Act: Core-powered Mass-loss Predictions for Observing Atmospheric Escape
• Steady State by Recycling prevents Premature Collapse of Protoplanetary Atmospheres
• Scaling K2. VI. Reduced Small Planet Occurrence in High Galactic Amplitude Stars
• New Perspectives on the Exoplanet Radius Gap from a Mathematica Tool and Visualized Water Equation of State
• CHES: a space-borne astrometric mission for the detection of habitable planets of the nearby solar-type stars
• Energy Optimization in Extrasolar Planetary Systems: The Transition from Peas-in-a-Pod to Runaway Growth
• Robo-AO Kepler Survey V: The effect of physically associated stellar companions on planetary systems
• Transmission spectroscopy for the warm sub-Neptune HD3167c: evidence for molecular absorption and a possible high metallicity atmosphere
• TOI-561 b: A Low Density Ultra-Short Period "Rocky" Planet around a Metal-Poor Star
• A critical assessment of the applicability of the energy-limited approximation for estimating exoplanetary mass-loss rates
• Eyes on K2-3: A system of three likely sub-Neptunes characterized with HARPS-N and HARPS
• HD 23472: A multi-planetary system with three super-Earths and two potential super-Mercuries
• The TESS-Keck Survey: Science Goals and Target Selection
• Super-Earths and Earth-like Exoplanets
• The GAPS Programme at TNG XXVIII -- A pair of hot-Neptunes orbiting the young star TOI-942
• TOI-674b: an oasis in the desert of exo-Neptunes transiting a nearby M dwarf
• TESS-Keck Survey IX: Masses of Three Sub-Neptunes Orbiting HD 191939 and the Discovery of a Warm Jovian Plus a Distant Sub-Stellar Companion
• ARES IV: Probing the atmospheres of the two warm small planets HD 106315 c and HD 3167 c with the HST/WFC3 camera
• The distribution of volatile elements during rocky planet formation
• Improving exoplanet detection capabilities with the false inclusion probability. Comparison with other detection criteria in the context of radial velocities
• Architectures of Exoplanetary Systems. II: An Increase in Inner Planetary System Occurrence Toward Later Spectral Types for Kepler's FGK Dwarfs
• Hydrodynamic Escape of Mineral Atmosphere from Hot Rocky Exoplanet. I. Model Description
• TOI-269 b: An eccentric sub-Neptune transiting a M2 dwarf revisited with ExTrA
• K2-290: a warm Jupiter and a mini-Neptune in a triple-star system
• Planetary Candidates from K2 Campaign 16
• The Demographics of Kepler's Earths and super-Earths into the Habitable Zone
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: The warm super-Earths in twin orbits around the mid-type M dwarfs Ross 1020 (GJ 3779) and LP 819-052 (GJ 1265)
• Identifying Young $Kepler$ Planet Host Stars from Keck-HIRES Spectra of Lithium
• The impact of stripped cores on the frequency of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone
• Exoplanet X-ray irradiation and evaporation rates with eROSITA
• Low Albedo Surfaces of Lava Worlds
• Optical Transmission Spectroscopy of the Terrestrial Exoplanet LHS 3844b from 13 Ground-Based Transit Observations
• Discovery of a Transiting Adolescent Sub-Neptune Exoplanet with K2
• Escaping Helium and a Highly Muted Spectrum Suggest a Metal-Enriched Atmosphere on Sub-Neptune GJ3090b from JWST Transit Spectroscopy
• Evaporation of Low-Mass Planet Atmospheres: Multidimensional Hydrodynamics with Consistent Thermochemistry
• The K2-3 system revisited: testing photoevaporation and core-powered mass loss with three small planets spanning the radius valley
• Detectability of Life Using Oxygen on Pelagic Planets and Water Worlds
• Magnetic and tidal migration of close-in planets. Influence of secular evolution on their population
• Characterization of the K2-38 planetary system. Unraveling one of the densest planets known to date
• Formation of compact systems of super-Earths via dynamical instabilities and giant impacts
• Setting the Stage: Planet formation and Volatile Delivery
• Formation of planetary systems by pebble accretion and migration: Hot super-Earth systems from breaking compact resonant chains
• A System of Three Super Earths Transiting the Late K-Dwarf GJ 9827 at Thirty Parsecs
• Shallower radius valley around low-mass hosts: Evidence for icy planets, collisions or high-energy radiation scatter
• TESS Reveals a Short-period Sub-Neptune Sibling (HD 86226c) to a Known Long-period Giant Planet
• Planetary Population Synthesis and the Emergence of Four Classes of Planetary System Architectures
• On the Detection of Exomoons Transiting Isolated Planetary-Mass Objects
• A Featureless Infrared Transmission Spectrum for the Super-Puff Planet Kepler-79d
• Masses for the seven planets in K2-32 and K2-233. Four diverse planets in resonant chain and the first young rocky worlds
• A PSF-based Approach to TESS High quality data Of Stellar clusters (PATHOS) -- III. Exploring the properties of young associations through their variables, dippers, and candidate exoplanets
• The Fundamental Connections Between the Solar System and Exoplanetary Science
• A sub-Neptune and a non-transiting Neptune-mass companion unveiled by ESPRESSO around the bright late-F dwarf HD 5278 (TOI-130)
• Absolute densities in exoplanetary systems: photodynamical modelling of Kepler-138
• Precise masses for the transiting planetary system HD 106315 with HARPS
• Atmospheric compositions and observability of nitrogen dominated ultra-short period super-Earths
• Optically Thin Core Accretion: How Planets Get Their Gas in Nearly Gas-Free Disks
• Validation of 13 Hot and Potentially Terrestrial TESS Planets
• K2-146: Discovery of Planet c, Precise Masses from Transit Timing, and Observed Precession
• TKS III: A Stellar Obliquity Measurement of TOI-1726 c
• Quantifying the Observational Effort Required for the Radial Velocity Characterization of TESS Planets
• Climate Modeling of a Potential ExoVenus
• Planets Across Space and Time (PAST). III. Morphology of the Planetary Radius Valley as a Function of Stellar Age and Metallicity in the Galactic Context Revealed by the LAMOST-Gaia-Kepler Sample
• Exoplanets in the Galactic context: Planet occurrence rates in the thin disk, thick disk and stellar halo of Kepler stars
• A super-Earth and a mini-Neptune near the 2:1 MMR straddling the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf TOI-2096
• Transits of Known Planets Orbiting a Naked-Eye Star
• Cleaning our Hazy Lens: Exploring Trends in Transmission Spectra of Warm Exoplanets
• Removal of Hot Saturns in Mass-Radius Plane by Runaway Mass Loss
• The MOPYS project: A survey of 70 planets in search of extended He I and H atmospheres. No evidence of enhanced evaporation in young planets
• Formation of secondary atmospheres on terrestrial planets by late disk accretion
• Unbiasing the density of TTV-characterised sub-Neptunes: Update of the mass-radius relationship of 34 Kepler planets
• A 1.55 R${}_{\oplus }$ habitable-zone planet hosted by TOI-715, an M4 star near the ecliptic South Pole
• Single site observations of \textit{TESS} single transit detections
• 37 New Validated Planets in Overlapping K2 Campaigns
• Constraining planetary mass-loss rates by simulating Parker wind profiles with Cloudy
• K2-231 b: A sub-Neptune exoplanet transiting a solar twin in Ruprecht 147
• An Increase in Small-planet Occurrence with Metallicity for Late-type Dwarf Stars in the Kepler Field and Its Implications for Planet Formation
• Habitable Evaporated Cores and the Occurrence of Panspermia near the Galactic Center
• The Demographics of Terrestrial Planets in the Venus Zone
• Synergies between Venus & Exoplanetary Observations
• Peas in a Pod? Radius correlations in Kepler multi-planet systems
• The mass-radius relation of intermediate-mass planets outlined by hydrodynamic escape and thermal evolution
• Water absorption in the transmission spectrum of the water-world candidate GJ9827d
• The role of dissipative evolution for three-planet, near-resonant extrasolar systems
• Simultaneous Optical Transmission Spectroscopy of a Terrestrial, Habitable-Zone Exoplanet with Two Ground-Based Multi-Object Spectrographs
• Effects of Magnetic Fields on the Location of the Evaporation Valley for Low-Mass Exoplanets
• TOI-132 b: A short-period planet in the Neptune desert transiting a $V=11.3$ G-type star
• Biases in Planet Occurrence Caused by Unresolved Binaries in Transit Surveys
• Properties of the radius valley around low mass stars: Predictions from the core-powered mass-loss mechanism
• An ultra-short period rocky super-Earth orbiting the G2-star HD 80653
• A mirage of the cosmic shoreline: Venus-like clouds as a statistical false positive for exoplanet atmospheric erosion
• Science Extraction from TESS Observations of Known Exoplanet Hosts
• Transiting Planets near the Snow Line from Kepler. I. Catalog
• TOI-836: A super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf
• NIRPS joining HARPS at ESO 3.6 m. On-sky performance and science objectives
• The K2-OjOS Project: New and revisited planets and candidates in K2 campaigns 5, 16, & 18
• Scaling K2. IV. A Uniform Planet Sample for Campaigns 1-8 and 10-18
• The Effects of Stellar Companions on Exoplanet Radius Distributions
• TOI-1468: A system of two transiting planets, a super-Earth and a mini-Neptune, on opposite sides of the radius valley
• The Influence of Age on the Relative Frequency of Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
• Detecting Unresolved Binaries in TESS Data with Speckle Imaging
• Ground-based Optical Transmission Spectroscopy of the Nearby Terrestrial Exoplanet LTT 1445Ab
• Scaling K2. II. Assembly of a Fully Automated C5 Planet Candidate Catalog Using EDI-Vetter
• Using helium 10830 Å transits to constrain planetary magnetic fields
• Atmospheric Recyling of Volatiles by Pebble-Accreting Planets
• Kepler-167e as a Probe of the Formation Histories of Cold Giants with Inner Super-Earths
• Helium Enhanced Planets Along the Upper Edge of the Radius Valley
• Unified simulations of planetary formation and atmospheric evolution: Effects of pebble accretion, giant impacts, and stellar irradiations on super-Earth formation
• Chemical mapping of temperate sub-Neptune atmospheres: Constraining the deep-interior H2O/H2 using the atmospheric CO2/CH4
• Geoscience for understanding habitability in the solar system and beyond
• Exoplanet Volatile Carbon Content as a Natural Pathway for Haze Formation
• A TESS Dress Rehearsal: Planetary Candidates and Variables from K2 Campaign 17
• A multi-wavelength look at the GJ 9827 system -- No evidence of extended atmospheres in GJ 9827 b and d from HST and CARMENES data
• TOI-1695 b: A Water World Orbiting an Early M Dwarf in the Planet Radius Valley
• A HARPS-N mass for the elusive Kepler-37d: a case study in disentangling stellar activity and planetary signals
• Three small planets transiting the bright young field star K2-233
• Detection and Doppler monitoring of EPIC 246471491, a system of four transiting planets smaller than Neptune
• A Mini-Neptune from TESS and CHEOPS Around the 120 Myr Old AB Dor member HIP 94235
• Diffuser-assisted Photometric Follow-up Observations of the Neptune-sized Planets K2-28b and K2-100b
• Multi-season optical modulation phased with the orbit of the super-Earth 55 Cnc e
• Unveiling the internal structure and formation history of the three planets transiting HIP 29442 (TOI-469) with CHEOPS
• The HD 137496 system: A dense, hot super-Mercury and a cold Jupiter
• Possible Atmospheric Diversity of Low Mass Exoplanets, some Central Aspects
• Mass determination of the 1:3:5 near-resonant planets transiting GJ 9827 (K2-135)
• Detectability of biosignatures on LHS 1140 b
• No Sub-Saturn Mass Planet Desert in the CORALIE/HARPS Radial Velocity Sample
• Transit least-squares survey -- II. Discovery and validation of 17 new sub- to super-Earth-sized planets in multi-planet systems from K2
• The Stellar Variability Noise Floor for Transiting Exoplanet Photometry with PLATO
• The water-ice line as a birthplace of planets: Implications of a species-dependent dust fragmentation threshold
• An accurate mass determination for Kepler-1655b, a moderately-irradiated world with a significant volatile envelope
• The effect of a small amount of hydrogen in the atmosphere of ultrahot magma-ocean planets: atmospheric composition and escape
• More Evidence for Variable Helium Absorption from HD 189733b
• Modeling H$\alpha$ and He 10830 transmission spectrum of WASP-52b
• Earths in Other Solar Systems N-body simulations: the Role of Orbital Damping in Reproducing the Kepler Planetary Systems
• K2-140b and K2-180b - Characterization of a hot Jupiter and a mini-Neptune from the K2 mission
• Testing Multiband (G, GBP, GRP, B, V and TESS) Standard Bolometric Corrections by Recovering Luminosity and Radii of 341 Host Stars
• Revisiting K2-233 spectroscopic time-series with multidimensional Gaussian Processes
• Aiolos- A multi-purpose 1-D hydrodynamics code for planetary atmospheres
• Observability of silicates in volatile atmospheres of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes
• Small Planets in the Galactic Context: Host Star Kinematics, Iron, and $\alpha$ Element Enhancement
• TOI-532b: The Habitable-zone Planet Finder confirms a Large Super Neptune in the Neptune Desert orbiting a metal-rich M dwarf host
• TOI 540 b: A Planet Smaller than Earth Orbiting a Nearby Rapidly Rotating Low-mass Star
• Role of magma oceans in controlling carbon and oxygen of sub-Neptune atmospheres
• Bridging the Planet Radius Valley: Stellar Clustering as a Key Driver for Turning Sub-Neptunes into Super-Earths
• Discovery and mass measurement of the hot, transiting, Earth-sized planet GJ 3929 b
• Reduced late bombardment on rocky exoplanets around M-dwarfs
• When, where, and how many planets end up in first-order resonances?
• Planets larger than Neptune have elevated eccentricities
• The open-source sunbather code: modeling escaping planetary atmospheres and their transit spectra
• Bioverse: The Habitable Zone Inner Edge Discontinuity as an Imprint of Runaway Greenhouse Climates on Exoplanet Demographics
• Occurrence rates of small planets from HARPS: Focus on the Galactic context
• Uranus and Neptune are key to understand planets with hydrogen atmospheres
• K2-265 b: A Transiting Rocky Super-Earth
• Robust Transiting Exoplanet Radii in the Presence of Starspots from Ingress and Egress Durations
• Where are the Water Worlds?: Self-Consistent Models of Water-Rich Exoplanet Atmospheres
• Identifying inflated super-Earths and photo-evaporated cores
• Planet Occurrence Rate Correlated to Stellar Dynamical History: Evidence from Kepler and Gaia
• CKS IX: Revisiting the Minimum-Mass Extrasolar Nebula with Precise Stellar Parameters
• The dynamical evolution of transiting planetary systems including a realistic collision prescription
• HD 28109 hosts a trio of transiting Neptunian planets including a near-resonant pair, confirmed by ASTEP from Antarctica
• TOI-2196 b: Rare planet in the hot Neptune desert transiting a G-type star
• Hubble WFC3 Spectroscopy of the Terrestrial Planets L~98-59~c \& d: No Evidence for a Clear Hydrogen Dominated Primary Atmosphere
• The high-energy spectrum of the nearby planet-hosting inactive mid-M dwarf LHS 3844
• A Radial Velocity Study of the Planetary System of Pi Mensae: Improved Planet Parameters for PI Mensae c and a Third Planet on a 125-d Orbit
• Scaling K2 VII: Evidence for a high occurrence rate of hot sub-Neptunes at intermediate ages
• How the origin of stars in the Galaxy impacts the composition of planetary building blocks
• Confirmation of an He I evaporating atmosphere around the 650-Myr-old sub-Neptune HD235088 b (TOI-1430 b) with CARMENES
• Hot Rocks Survey II: The thermal emission of TOI-1468 b reveals a hot bare rock
• Planet(esimal)s Around Stars with TESS (PAST) III: A Search for Triplet He I in the Atmospheres of Two 200 Myr-old Planets
• A Lyman-alpha transit left undetected: the environment and atmospheric behavior of K2-25b
• Examining the Radius Valley: a Machine Learning Approach
• Exoplanet Radius Gap Dependence on Host Star Type
• The ARIEL Mission Reference Sample
• The TESS-Keck Survey. XV. Precise Properties of 108 TESS Planets and Their Host Stars
• Detection and characterization of an ultra-dense sub-Neptune planet orbiting the Sun-like star HD 119130
• NEMESIS: Exoplanet Transit Survey of Nearby M-Dwarfs in TESS FFIs I
• Two super-Earths at the edge of the habitable zone of the nearby M dwarf TOI-2095
• Potential long-term habitable conditions on planets with primordial H-He atmospheres
• The Bimodal Distribution in Exoplanet Radii: Considering Varying Core Compositions and ${\mathrm{H}}_2$ Envelope's Sizes
• 55 Cancri e's occultation captured with CHEOPS
• On spectroscopic phase-curve retrievals: H2 dissociation and thermal inversion in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-103 b
• A 38 Million Year Old Neptune-Sized Planet in the Kepler Field
• The metal-poor atmosphere of a Neptune/Sub-Neptune planet progenitor
• Revising Properties of Planet-Host Binary Systems. III. There is No Observed Radius Gap For Kepler Planets in Binary Star Systems
• Three planets transiting the evolved star EPIC 249893012: a hot 8.8-M${}_{\oplus }$ super-Earth and two warm 14.7 and 10.2-M${}_{\oplus }$ sub-Neptunes
• TOI-1416: A system with a super-Earth planet with a 1.07d period
• Detection of Paschen $\beta$ absorption in the atmosphere of KELT-9 b: A new window into the atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters
• The influence of host star activity evolution on the population of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes
• TESS discovery of a sub-Neptune orbiting a mid-M dwarf TOI-2136
• Bioverse: a simulation framework to assess the statistical power of future biosignature surveys
• K2-288Bb: A Small Temperate Planet in a Low-mass Binary System Discovered by Citizen Scientists
• Reliability Correction is Key for Robust Kepler Occurrence Rates
• Characterising Atmospheres of Cloudy Temperate Mini-Neptunes with JWST
• Orbital Architectures of Kepler Multis From Dynamical Instabilities
• Physical Parameters of the Multi-Planet Systems HD 106315 and GJ 9827
• Characterisation of 92 Southern TESS Candidate Planet Hosts and a New Photometric [Fe/H] Relation for Cool Dwarfs
• Ariel Planetary Interiors White Paper
• K2-155: A Bright Metal-Poor M Dwarf with Three Transiting Super-Earths
• Probing atmospheric escape through metastable He I triplet lines in 15 exoplanets observed with SPIRou
• EPIC 201498078b: A low density Super Neptune on an eccentric orbit
• Pterodactyls: A Tool to Uniformly Search and Vet for Young Transiting Planets In TESS Primary Mission Photometry
• The direct imaging search for Earth 2.0: Quantifying biases and planetary false positives
• Searching for Small Circumbinary Planets I. The STANLEY Automated Algorithm and No New Planets in Existing Systems
• Kepler's Dark Worlds: a Low Albedo for an Ensemble of Neptunian and Terran Exoplanets
• Close-in Super-Earths: The first and the last stages of planet formation in an MRI-accreting disc
• Ground-based photometry of the 21-day Neptune HD106315c
• The young mini-Neptune HD 207496b that is either a naked core or on the verge of becoming one
• Constraining Exoplanet Metallicities and Aerosols with ARIEL: An Independent Study by the Contribution to ARIEL Spectroscopy of Exoplanets (CASE) Team
• Exoplanet Transits with Next-Generation Radio Telescopes
• A Mirage or an Oasis? Water Vapor in the Atmosphere of the Warm Neptune TOI-674 b
• An Integrated Analysis with Predictions on the Architecture of the tau Ceti Planetary System, Including a Habitable Zone Planet
• The three regimes of atmospheric evaporation for super-Earths and sub-Neptunes
• The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets-XIX. A system including a cold sub-Neptune potentially transiting a V = 6.5 star HD88986
• A Theoretical Framework for the Mass Distribution of Gas Giant Planets forming through the Core Accretion Paradigm
• Super-Earths and sub-Neptunes are Insensitive to Stellar Metallicity
• Planetary evolution with atmospheric photoevaporation II: Fitting the slope of the radius valley by combining boil-off and XUV-driven escape
• Redox evolution of the crystallizing terrestrial magma ocean and its influence on atmosphere outgassing
• Planetary parameters, XUV environments and mass-loss rates for nearby gaseous planets with X-ray detected host-stars
• The Influence of 10 Unique Chemical Elements in Shaping the Distribution of Kepler Planets
• Dust formation in the outflows of catastrophically evaporating planets
• Can Gaia find planets around white dwarfs?
• A Tidal Origin for a 3-body Resonance in Kepler-221
• The Origin of Universality in the Inner Edges of Planetary Systems
• Importance of Sample Selection in Exoplanet Atmosphere Population Studies
• Volatile atmospheres of lava worlds
• The Variable Detection of Atmospheric Escape around the young, Hot Neptune AU Mic b
• Effect of Core Cooling on the Radius of Sub-Neptune Planets
• The HD 93963 A transiting system: A 1.04d super-Earth and a 3.65 d sub-Neptune discovered by TESS and CHEOPS
• TESS discovery of a super-Earth and three sub-Neptunes hosted by the bright, Sun-like star HD 108236
• XUV emission of the young planet-hosting star V1298\,Tau from coordinated observations with XMM-Newton and HST
• Magellan/PFS Radial Velocities of GJ 9827, a late K dwarf at 30 pc with Three Transiting Super-Earths
• GJ 3090 b: one of the most favourable mini-Neptune for atmospheric characterisation
• Planet occurrence rate density models including stellar effective temperature
• K2-291 b: A rocky super-Earth in a 2.2 day orbit
• Impact of Tides on the Potential for Exoplanets to Host Exomoons
• The Impact of Stellar Clustering on the Observed Multiplicity and Orbital Periods of Planetary Systems
• Detecting Biosignatures in the Atmospheres of Gas Dwarf Planets with the James Webb Space Telescope
• A HARDCORE model for constraining an exoplanet's core size
• Revising Properties of Planet-Host Binary Systems. IV. The Radius Distribution of Small Planets in Binary Star Systems is Dependent on Stellar Separation
• So close, so different: characterization of the K2-36 planetary system with HARPS-N
• A Mini-Neptune Orbiting the Metal-poor K Dwarf BD+29 2654
• The XUV irradiation and likely atmospheric escape of the super-Earth $\pi$ Men c
• Scaling K2. III. Comparable Planet Occurrence in the FGK Samples of Campaign 5 and Kepler
• TOI-1075 b: A Dense, Massive, Ultra-Short Period Hot Super-Earth Straddling the Radius Gap
• A hot mini-Neptune in the radius valley orbiting solar analogue HD 110113
• Identifying Bound Stellar Companions to Kepler Exoplanet Host Stars Using Speckle Imaging
• A Spectroscopic Analysis of the California-Kepler Survey Sample: II. Correlations of Stellar Metallicities with Planetary Architectures
• Atmospheric Dynamics of a Near Tidally Locked Earth-Size Planet
• The Exosphere as a Boundary: Origin and Evolution of Airless Bodies in the Inner Solar System and Beyond Including Planets with Silicate Atmospheres
• HD207897 b: A dense sub-Neptune transiting a nearby and bright K-type star
• How to Characterize the Atmosphere of a Transiting Exoplanet
• TKS V. Twin sub-Neptunes Transiting the Nearby G Star HD 63935
• TOI-2285b: A 1.7 Earth-radius Planet Near the Habitable Zone around a Nearby M Dwarf
• Two Terrestrial Planet Families With Different Origins
• The shared evaporation history of three sub-Neptunes spanning the radius-period valley of a Hyades star
• An 11 Earth-Mass, Long-Period Sub-Neptune Orbiting a Sun-like Star
• Age distribution of exoplanet host stars: Chemical and Kinematics age proxies from GAIA DR3
• Which stars can form planets: Planetesimal formation at low metallicities
• Atmospheric dynamics of temperate sub-Neptunes. Part I: dry dynamics
• A full transit of ${\nu }^2$ Lupi d and the search for an exomoon in its Hill sphere with CHEOPS
• Rotation periods of TESS Objects of Interest from the Magellan-TESS Survey with multiband photometry from Evryscope and TESS
• K2-263b: A 50-day period sub-Neptune with a mass measurement using HARPS-N
• Dynamical Evolution of Closely Packed Multiple Planetary Systems Subject to Atmospheric Mass-Loss
• The Maximum Mass-Loss Efficiency for a Photoionization-Driven Isothermal Parker Wind
• Detection of an Earth-sized exoplanet orbiting the nearby ultracool dwarf star SPECULOOS-3
• TOI-220 $b$: a warm sub-Neptune discovered by TESS
• Evaluating the Evidence for Water World Populations using Mixture Models
• Three super-Earths and a possible water world from TESS and ESPRESSO
• Observational constraints on the likelihood of ${}^{26}$Al in planet-forming environments
• Running The Gauntlet -- Survival of Small Circumbinary Planets Migrating Through Destabilising Resonances
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XLVI: 12 super-Earths around the solar type stars HD39194, HD93385, HD96700, HD154088, and HD189567
• The TEMPO Survey I: Predicting Yields of the Transiting Exosatellites, Moons, and Planets from a 30-day Survey of Orion with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
• First Comparative Exoplanetology Within a Transiting Multi-planet System: Comparing the atmospheres of V1298 Tau b and c
• Hot Super-Earths with Hydrogen Atmospheres: A Model Explaining Their Paradoxical Existence
• High-energy spectra of LTT 1445A and GJ 486 reveal flares and activity
• No Metallicity Correlation Associated with the Kepler Dichotomy
• Hot planets around cool stars -- two short-period mini-Neptunes transiting the late K-dwarf TOI-1260
• TESS-Keck Survey XIV: Two giant exoplanets from the Distant Giants Survey
• TOI-1801 b: A temperate mini-Neptune around a young M0.5 dwarf
• High resolution near-infrared spectroscopy of a flare around the ultracool dwarf vB 10
• Eta-Earth Revisited II: Deriving a Maximum Number of Earth-like Habitats in the Galactic Disk
• Predictions of planet detections with near infrared radial velocities in the up-coming SPIRou Legacy Survey-Planet Search
• Two Massive Jupiters in Eccentric Orbits from the TESS Full Frame Images
• Using HARPS-N to characterise the long-period planets in the PH-2 and Kepler-103 systems
• Survival Function Analysis of Planet Size Distribution with GAIA Data Release 2 Updates
• Helium in Exoplanet Exospheres: Orbital and Stellar Influences
• Sculpting the circumbinary planet size distribution through resonant interactions with companion planets
• Exoplanets Across Galactic Stellar Populations with PLATO: Estimating Exoplanet Yields Around FGK Stars for the Thin Disk, Thick Disk and Stellar Halo
• Signatures of impact-driven atmospheric loss in large ensembles of exoplanets
• Using non-solar-scaled opacities to derive stellar parameters. Toward high-precision parameters and abundances
• Exoplanet atmosphere evolution: emulation with neural networks
• Magma ocean interactions can explain JWST observations of the sub-Neptune TOI-270 d
• Size evolution of close-in super-Earths through giant impacts and photoevaporation
• High-energy environment of super-Earth 55 Cnc e I: Far-UV chromospheric variability as a possible tracer of planet-induced coronal rain
• Wolf 503 b: Characterization of a Sub-Neptune Orbiting a Metal-Poor K Dwarf
• Four Small Planets Buried in K2 Systems: What Can We Learn for TESS?
• Properties of Sub-Neptune Atmospheres: TOI-270 System
• Linking the primordial composition of planet building disks to the present-day composition of rocky exoplanets
• Non-detection of Helium in the Hot Jupiter WASP-48b
• Biases in retrieving planetary signals in the presence of quasi-periodic stellar activity
• From the stellar properties of HD219134 to the internal compositions of its transiting exoplanets
• Joint Modeling of Radial Velocities and Photometry with a Gaussian Process Framework
• Interior-atmosphere modelling to assess the observability of rocky planets with JWST
• EOS-ESTM: A flexible climate model for habitable exoplanets
• Hyades Member K2-136c: The Smallest Planet in an Open Cluster with a Precisely Measured Mass
• Refined parameters of the HD 22946 planetary system and the true orbital period of planet d
• Architecture Classification for Extrasolar Planetary Systems
• Atmosphere escape inferred from modelling the H$\alpha$ transmission spectrum of WASP-121b
• Absence of extended atmospheres in low-mass star radius-gap planets GJ 9827 b, GJ 9827 d and TOI-1235 b
• Precovery of TESS Single Transits with KELT
• Planetary mass-radius relations across the galaxy
• When the Peas Jump around the Pod: How Stellar Clustering Affects the Observed Correlations between Planet Properties in Multi-Planet Systems
• Techniques for Finding Close-in, Low-mass Planets around Subgiants
• Evolution of steam worlds: energetic aspects
• A multi-planetary system orbiting the early-M dwarf TOI-1238
• Dust-Gas Coupling in Turbulence- and MHD Wind-Driven Protoplanetary Disks: Implications for Rocky Planet Formation
• Another super-dense sub-Neptune in K2-182 b and refined mass measurements for K2-199 b and c
• Constraining exoplanet interiors using observations of their atmospheres
• K2-138 g: Spitzer Spots a Sixth Planet for the Citizen Science System
• The growth of super-Earths: the importance of a self-consistent treatment of disc structures and pebble accretion
• TOI-4438 b: a transiting mini-Neptune amenable to atmospheric characterization
• TESS discovery of a super-Earth orbiting the M dwarf star TOI-1680
• Unraveling the evolution of hot Jupiter systems under the effect of tidal and magnetic interactions and mass loss
• Observing atmospheric escape in sub-Jovian worlds with JWST
• The evolution of catastrophically evaporating rocky planets
• TESS and CHEOPS Discover Two Warm Sub-Neptunes Transiting the Bright K-dwarf HD 15906
• Building Wet Planets through High-Pressure Magma-Hydrogen Reactions
• Implicit biases in transit models using stellar pseudo-density
• Host Star Dependence of Small Planet Mass-Radius Distributions
• Physical Properties and Impact Parameter Variations of Kepler Planets from Analytic Light Curve Modeling
• Rocky sub-Neptunes formed by pebble accretion: Rain of rocks from polluted envelopes
• Exploring Super-Earth Surfaces: Albedo of Near-Airless Magma Ocean Planets and Topography
• Using Lyman-$\alpha$ transits to constrain models of atmospheric escape
• DPNNet-2.0 Part I: Finding hidden planets from simulated images of protoplanetary disk gaps
• Competing chemical signatures in the atmosphere of TOI-270 d: Inference of sulfur and carbon chemistry
• A Distinct Population of Small Planets: Sub-Earths
• Validation and atmospheric exploration of the sub-Neptune TOI-2136b around a nearby M3 dwarf
• A Machine Learning model to infer planet masses from gaps observed in protoplanetary disks
• A Framework for Optimizing Exoplanet Target Selection for the James Webb Space Telescope
• The K2 & TESS Synergy II: Revisiting 26 systems in the TESS Primary Mission
• Role of Planetary Radius on Atmospheric Escape of Rocky Exoplanets
• From Super-Earths to Mini-Neptunes: Implications of a Surface on Atmospheric Circulation
• Multiverse Predictions for Habitability: Number of Potentially Habitable Planets
• A Gap in the Mass Distribution for Warm Neptune and Terrestrial Planets
• The California-Kepler Survey. XI. A Survey of Chromospheric Activity Through the Lens of Precise Stellar Properties
• MIRECLE: Science Yield for a Mid-IR Explorer-Class Mission to Study Non-Transiting Rocky Planets Orbiting the Nearest M-Stars Using Planetary Infrared Excess
• TOI-1442 b and TOI-2445 b: two potentially rocky ultra-short period planets around M dwarfs
• Dynamical masses of two young transiting sub-Neptunes orbiting HD 63433
• TESS discovery of two super-Earths orbiting the M-dwarf stars TOI-6002 and TOI-5713 near the radius valley
• Impact of M-dwarf Stellar Wind and Photoevaporation on the Atmospheric Evolution of Small Planets
• TOI-1296b and TOI-1298b observed with TESS and SOPHIE: Two hot Saturn-mass exoplanets with different densities around metal-rich stars
• Multi-epoch detections of the extended atmosphere and transmission spectra of KELT-9b with a 1.5 m telescope
• The cosmochemistry of planetary systems
• Evolution of helium triplet transits of close-in gas giants orbiting K-dwarfs
• Using the helium triplet as a tracer of the physics of giant planet outflows
• A New Definition of Exoplanet Habitability: Introducing the Photosynthetic Habitable Zone
• Atmospheric escape in hot Jupiters under sub-Alfvénic interactions
• A sub-Neptune planet around TOI-1695 discovered and characterized with SPIRou and TESS
• Revising Properties of Planet-host Binary Systems I.: Methods and Pilot Study
• The evolutionary track of H/He envelope in the observed population of sub-Neptunes and Super-Earths planets
• Sensitivity Analyses of Exoplanet Occurrence Rates from Kepler and Gaia
• Collisional formation of massive exomoons of super-terrestrial exoplanets
• Stellar Energetic Particle Transport in the Turbulent and CME-disrupted Stellar Wind of AU~Microscopii
• Accurate modeling of grazing transits using umbrella sampling
• A close-in puffy Neptune with hidden friends: The enigma of TOI 620
• Revisiting the HD 21749 Planetary System with Stellar Activity Modeling
• K2-HERMES II. Planet-candidate properties from K2 Campaigns 1-13
• A Geologically Robust Procedure For Observing Rocky Exoplanets to Ensure that Detection of Atmospheric Oxygen is an Earth-Like Biosignature
• XUV irradiation of young planetary atmospheres. Results from a joint XMM-Newton and HST observation of HIP67522
• Unveiling the Planet Population at Birth
• Observational constraints on the formation and evolution of Neptune-class exoplanets
• Effects of Planetesimal Accretion on the Thermal and Structural Evolution of Sub-Neptunes
• Characterizing K2 Candidate Planetary Systems Orbiting Low-Mass Stars III: A High Mass & Low Envelope Fraction for the Warm Neptune K2-55b
• TESS and HARPS reveal two sub-Neptunes around TOI 1062
• On planetary systems as ordered sequences
• Characterisation of TOI-406 as showcase of the THIRSTEE program: A 2-planet system straddling the M-dwarf density gap
• Redefining interiors and envelopes: hydrogen-silicate miscibility and its consequences for the structure and evolution of sub-Neptunes
• Detectability of Rocky-Vapour Atmospheres on Super-Earths with Ariel
• A Homogeneous Catalog of Oscillating Solar-Type Stars Observed by the Kepler Mission and a New Amplitude Scaling Relation Including Chromospheric Activity
• A Population Analysis of 20 Exoplanets Observed from the Optical to the Near-infrared Wavelengths with HST: Evidence for Widespread Stellar Contamination
• SWEET-Cat: A view on the planetary mass-radius relation
• Low 4.5 μm Dayside Emission Disfavors a Dark Bare-Rock scenario for the Hot Super-Earth TOI-431 b
• The GAPS programme at TNG LXIV: An inner eccentric sub-Neptune and an outer sub-Neptune-mass candidate around BD+00 444 (TOI-2443)
• Stellar Chemical Clues As To The Rarity of Exoplanetary Tectonics
• Implications of an improved water equation of state for water-rich planets
• Discovery of TOI-1260d and the characterisation of the multi-planet system
• SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates. XIX. The transiting temperate giant planet KOI-3680b
• Monitoring of the D Doublet of Neutral Sodium during Transits of Two "Evaporating" Planets
• DMPP-4: Candidate sub-Neptune mass planets orbiting a naked-eye star
• Planetary transits at radio wavelengths: secondary eclipses of hot Jupiter extended atmospheres
• TOI-4336 A b: A temperate sub-Neptune ripe for atmospheric characterization in a nearby triple M-dwarf system
• Two sub-Neptunes around the M dwarf TOI-1470
• $\pi$ Earth: a 3.14-day Earth-sized Planet from $\text{K2}$'s Kitchen Served Warm by the SPECULOOS Team
• Kepler-62f: Kepler's First Small Planet in the Habitable Zone, but Is It Real?
• A hot mini-Neptune and a temperate, highly eccentric sub-Saturn around the bright K-dwarf TOI-2134
• Revising Properties of Planet-host Binary Systems II: Apparent Near-Earth Analog Planets in Binaries Are Often Sub-Neptunes
• TOI-1696 and TOI-2136: Constraining the Masses of Two Mini-Neptunes with HPF
• Tidal Heating of Exomoons in Resonance and Implications for Detection
• Potential Interior Structures and Habitability of Super-Earth Exoplanets LHS 1140 b, K2-18 b, TOI-1452 b and TOI-1468 c
• Super-Earth formation in systems with cold giants
• Assessing the spin-orbit obliquity of low-mass planets in the breaking the chain formation model: A story of misalignment
• Probing Planets with Exomoons: The Cases of Kepler-1708 b and Kepler-1625 b
• Water-Cooled (sub)-Neptunes Get Better Gas Mileage
• Formation of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes from rings of planetesimals
• Blowin' in the non-isothermal wind: core-powered mass loss with hydrodynamic radiative transfer
• Orbital Evolution of Close-in Super-Earths Driven by Atmospheric Escape
• K2-79b and K2-222b: Mass measurements of two small exoplanets with periods beyond 10 days that overlap with periodic magnetic activity signals
• The TESS-Keck Survey. XIII. An Eccentric Hot Neptune with a Similar-Mass Outer Companion around TOI-1272
• Possible Evidence for the Presence of Volatiles on the Warm Super-Earth TOI-270 b
• HD 163296 and its Giant Planets: Creation of Exo-comets, Interstellar Objects and Transport of Volatile Material
• A primordial radius valley as a consequence of planet formation
• Confirming known planetary trends using a photometrically selected Kepler sample
• Constraining Orbital Periods from Nonconsecutive Observations: Period Estimates for Long-Period Planets in Six Systems Observed by K2 During Multiple Campaigns
• Identifying Exo-Earth Candidates in Direct Imaging Data through Bayesian Classification
• Is the hot, dense sub-Neptune TOI-824b an exposed Neptune mantle? Spitzer detection of the hot day side and reanalysis of the interior composition
• A 2 Earth Radius Planet Orbiting the Bright Nearby K-Dwarf Wolf 503
• Spatial distribution of exoplanet candidates based on Kepler and $Gaia$ data
• Predicting exoplanet mass from radius and incident flux: A Bayesian mixture model
• Can Rocky Exoplanets with Rings Pose as Sub-Neptunes?
• The Hot-Neptune Initiative (HONEI) I. Two hot sub-Neptunes on a close-in, eccentric orbit (TOI-5800 b) and a farther-out, circular orbit (TOI-5817 b)
• KOBE-1: The first planetary system from the KOBE survey. Two planets likely residing in the sub-Neptune mass regime around a late K-dwarf
• In-depth characterization of the Kepler-10 three-planet system with HARPS-N radial velocities and Kepler transit timing variations
• Orbital Migration through Atmospheric Mass Loss
• Tidal evolution of Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of low-mass stars
• A Spectroscopic Analysis of a Sample of K2 Planet-Host Stars: Stellar Parameters, Metallicities and Planetary Radii
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. A sub-Neptunian mass planet in the habitable zone of HN Lib
• Simulations of starspot anomalies within TESS exoplanetary transit light curves -- II
• Multiverse Predictions for Habitability: Planetary Characteristics
• Variability of Known Exoplanet Host Stars Observed by TESS
• TOI-733 b: a planet in the small-planet radius valley orbiting a Sun-like star
• Constraining the Planet Occurrence Rate around Halo Stars of Potentially Extragalactic Origin
• Precise characterisation of HD 15337 with CHEOPS: a laboratory for planet formation and evolution
• Novel Physics of Escaping Secondary Atmospheres May Shape the Cosmic Shoreline
• A transiting super-Earth close to the inner edge of the habitable zone of an M0 dwarf star
• Planet Occurrence: Doppler and Transit Surveys
• Searching for Hot Water World Candidates with CHEOPS: Refining the radii and analysing the internal structures and atmospheric lifetimes of TOI-238 b and TOI-1685 b
• Not All Sub-Neptune Exoplanets Have Magma Oceans
• Contrast and Temperature Dependence of Multi-Epoch High-Resolution Cross-Correlation Exoplanet Spectroscopy
• Combining Transit and RV: A Synthesized Population Model
• The GALAH Survey: Improving our understanding of confirmed and candidate planetary systems with large stellar surveys
• The high-energy environment of the heavy sub-Earth GJ 367 b indicates likely complete evaporation of its atmosphere
• NIRPS and TESS reveal a peculiar system around the M dwarf TOI-756: A transiting sub-Neptune and a cold eccentric giant
• On the influence of equilibrium tides on transit-timing variations of close-in super-Earths. I. Application to single-planet systems and the case of K2-265 b
• The SPACE Program. I. The featureless spectrum of HD 86226 c challenges sub-Neptune atmosphere trends
• The stellar activity-rotation-age relationship under the lens of asteroseismology
• Helium escape signatures are generally strongest during younger ages but this age dependence is lost in the diversity of observed exoplanets
• The Diffusion Limit of Photoevaporation in Primordial Planetary Atmospheres
• Relative occurrence rates of terrestrial planets orbiting FGK stars
• Characterization of Low Mass K2 Planet Hosts Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
• Small and Close-In Planets are Uncommon Around A-type Stars
• A super-Earth and a mini-Neptune around Kepler-59
• Mutual detectability: a targeted SETI strategy that avoids the SETI Paradox
• The GAPS Programme at TNG. LXV. Precise density measurement of TOI-1430 b, a young planet with an evaporating atmosphere
• Fine-resolution analysis of exoplanetary distributions by wavelets: hints of an overshooting iceline accumulation
• Kepler-102: Masses and Compositions for a Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Orbiting an Active Star
• Chasing Nomadic Worlds: A New Class of Deep Space Missions
• The emptiness inside: Finding gaps, valleys, and lacunae with geometric data analysis
• sunset: A database of synthetic atmospheric-escape transmission spectra for nearly every transiting planet
• Diversity of disc viscosities can explain the period ratios of resonant and non-resonant systems of hot super-Earths and mini-Neptunes
• Estimating photoevaporative mass loss of exoplanets with PLATYPOS
• Understanding and predicting cadence effects in the characterization of exoplanet transits
• Homogeneous planet masses I: Reanalysis of archival HARPS radial velocities
• An upper limit for the growth of inner planets?
• Different types of star-planet interactions
• A Transiting Super-Earth in the Radius Valley and An Outer Planet Candidate Around HD 307842
• Scaling K2 VIII: Short-Period Sub-Neptune Occurrence Rates Peak Around Early-Type M Dwarfs
• Exoplanet Occurrence Rate with Age for FGK Stars in Kepler
• TESS discovery of a super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes orbiting the bright, nearby, Sun-like star HD 22946
• Radius valley scaling among low mass stars with TESS
• Stability analysis of three exoplanet systems
• Planets similar in size are often dissimilar in interior
• The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS) VIII. Impact of host star metallicity on planet occurrence rates, orbital periods, eccentricities, and radius valley morphology
• Stellar rotation and its connection to the evolution of hydrogen-dominated atmospheres of exoplanets
• One of Everything: The Breakthrough Listen Exotica Catalog
• TESS Discovery of Twin Planets near 2:1 Resonance around Early M-Dwarf TOI 4342
• Convection and Clouds under Different Planetary Gravities Simulated by a Small-domain Cloud-resolving Model
• Kepler's Last Planet Discoveries: Two New Planets and One Single-Transit Candidate from K2 Campaign 19
• Formation of Super-Earths
• Planetary system architectures with low-mass inner planets: Direct imaging exploration of mature systems beyond 1 au
• The strongly irradiated planets in Praesepe
• Takeout and Delivery: Erasing the Dusty Signature of Late-stage Terrestrial Planet Formation
• Detectability of Emission from Exoplanet Outflows Calculated by pyTPCI, a New 1D Radiation-Hydrodynamic Code
• Three young planets around the K-dwarf K2-198: High-energy environment, evaporation history and expected future
• TOI-2458 b: A mini-Neptune consistent with in situ hot Jupiter formation
• Diversities and similarities exhibited by multi-planetary systems and their architectures: I. Orbital spacings
• Planetary Edge Trends (PET). I. The Inner Edge-Stellar Mass Correlation
• TESS and HARPS-N unveil two planets transiting TOI-1453. A super-Earth and one of the lowest mass sub-Neptunes
• Is the high-energy environment of K2-18b special?
• Empirical Predictions for the Period Distribution of Planets to be Discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• Stellar pulsations interfering with the transit light curve: configurations with false positive misalignment
• Validation of a Temperate Fourth Planet in the K2-133 Multi-planet System
• Discovery and Characterization of Kepler-36b
• Validation of TOI-1221 b: A warm sub-Neptune exhibiting TTVs around a Sun-like star
• TOI-1743 b, TOI-5799 b, TOI-5799 c and TOI-6223 b: TESS discovery and validation of four super-Earth to Neptune-sized planets around M dwarfs
• Formation of organic hazes in CO${}_2$-rich sub-Neptune atmospheres within the graphite-stability regime
• An Analytical Model of Wavelength-dependent Opposition Surge in Emittance and Reflectance Spectroscopy of Airless Rocky Exoplanets
• A joint effort to discover and characterize two resonant mini Neptunes around TOI-1803 with TESS, HARPS-N and CHEOPS
• A sub-Neptune transiting the young field star HD 18599 at 40 pc
• The architecture of multi-planet systems as a tracer of their formation mechanisms
• A transiting rocky super-Earth and a non-transiting sub-Neptune orbiting the M dwarf TOI-771
• Estimating the Mass Escaping Rates of Radius-valley-spanning Planets in the TOI-431 System via X-Ray and Ultraviolet Evaporation
• Confronting compositional confusion through the characterisation of the sub-Neptune orbiting HD 77946
• Studying the variability of the He triplet to understand the detection limits of evaporating exoplanet atmospheres
• Two Bright M Dwarfs Hosting Ultra-Short-Period Super-Earths with Earth-like Compositions
• Stellar Characterization and a Chromospheric Activity Analysis of a K2 Sample of Planet-Hosting Stars
• Mass Upper Bounds for Over 50 Kepler Planets Using Low-S/N Transit Timing Variations
• The DRAKE mission: finding the frequency of life in the Cosmos
• Stacked Periodograms as a Probe of Exoplanetary Populations
• Mass loss by atmospheric escape from extremely close-in planets
• Exploring the habitability and interior composition of exoplanets lying within the extended habitable zone
• On the Utility of Transmission Color Analysis I: Differentiating Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
• X-ray irradiation of three planets around Hyades star K2-136
• The Effect of Accretion Rate and Composition on the Structure of Ice-rich Super-Earths
• No Robust Statistical Evidence for a Population of Water Worlds in a 2025 Sample of Planets Orbiting M Stars
• The Dynamical History of the Kepler-221 Planet System
• The Super-Earth Opportunity - Search for Habitable Exoplanets in the 2020s
• Far-ultraviolet flares and variability of the young M dwarf AU Mic: a non-detection of planet c in transit at Lyman-alpha
• Diversity of Exoplanets
• A Search for Planetary Metastable Helium Absorption in the V1298 Tau System
• Disentangling Atmospheric Compositions of K2-18 b with Next Generation Facilities
• How black hole activity may influence exoplanetary evolution in our Galaxy
• Effects of Self-gravity on Mass-loss of the Post-impact Super-Earths
• Continuous Habitable Zones: Using Bayesian Methods to Prioritize Characterization of Potentially Habitable Worlds
• Scaling K2. V. Statistical Validation of 60 New Exoplanets From K2 Campaigns 2-18
• Exploring Synergies between Twinkle and Ariel: a Pilot Study
• The GAPS programme at TNG LXXI. A sub-Neptune suitable for atmospheric characterization in a multiplanet and mutually inclined system orbiting the bright K dwarf TOI-5789 (HIP 99452)
• Cosmic Hydrogen and Ice Loss Lines
• Gas-depleted planet formation occurred in the four-planet system around the red dwarf LHS 1903
• Variations in the Radius Distribution of Single- and Compact Multiple-transiting Planets
• The atmosphere of K2-18 b: The role of hazes, clouds and photoelectrons
• Characterizing the bolometric-photoevaporative transition in young sub-Neptunes with radiation-hydrodynamic simulations
• A Validated Low-to-Intermediate Mass Planetary Interior Structure Model and New Mass-Radius Relations
• Evidence that Planets in the Radius Gap Do Not Resemble Their Neighbors
• Quantitative Nonequilibrium Pathway from Fundamental Physics to the Emergence and Persistence of Exoplanetary Biospheres
• Super-earths and mini-neptunes follow different orbital period-eccentricity relations
• KRONOS I: The $1-2.8\mu$m JWST Transmission Spectrum of the 23 Myr V1298 Tau c
• Evolution and Observable Properties of Rocky Planet Atmospheres
• SPORES-HWO. II. Companion Mass Limits and Updated Planet Properties for 120 Future Exoplanet Imaging Targets from 35 yr of Precise Doppler Monitoring
• An Adolescent and Near-Resonant Planetary System Near the End of Photoevaporation
• Confirmation of the hot super-Neptune TOI-672 b with NIRPS and HARPS and Insights into the Neptunian desert around M dwarfs
• An adaptive optics upgrade for the Automated Planet Finder Telescope using an adaptive secondary mirror
• TOI-1634 b: an Ultra-Short Period Keystone Planet Sitting Inside the M Dwarf Radius Valley
• Modelling the Milky Way's exoplanet population based on cosmological galaxy simulations
• A compositional link between rocky exoplanets and their host stars
• The SPIRou Legacy Survey: Detection of a nearby world orbiting in the habitable zone of Gl725B achieved by correcting strong telluric contamination in near-infrared radial velocities with WAPITI
• The TESS-Keck Survey. XIX. A Warm Transiting Sub-Saturn Mass Planet and a non-Transiting Saturn Mass Planet Orbiting a Solar Analog
• MAUVE: An Ultraviolet Astrophysics Probe Mission Concept
• The Occurrence-weighted Median Planets Discovered by Transit Surveys Orbiting Solar-type Stars and Their Implications for Planet Formation and Evolution
• Precise Parameters from Bayesian SED Fitting Indicate Thermally-Driven Mass Loss Likely Driver of Radius Valley
• Radio prospects of extrasolar aurorae polaris as a probe of planetary magnetism
• NIRPS tightens the mass estimate of GJ 3090 b and detects a planet near the stellar rotation period
• The GAPS Programme at the TNG: LXX. TOI-5734b: A hot sub-Neptune orbiting a relatively young K dwarf with an Earth-like density
• A break in planet occurrence near the pebble isolation mass should be observable by the Roman microlensing survey
• Friends and Foes: Conditional Occurrence Rates of Exoplanet Companions and their Impact on Radial Velocity Follow-up Surveys
• JWST unveils a high mean molecular weight atmosphere for mini-Neptune TOI-1130b: Evidence for formation beyond the water ice line
• Sub-Neptunes Show a Stronger Correlation with Cold Jupiters than Super-Earths Especially in Metal-rich Systems
• Impact of Clouds on the Atmosphere-Mantle Interface of Sub-Neptunes
• Revising core powered mass loss: A critical assessment of the "energy limited" argument
• Chemical diversity of the atmospheres and interiors of sub-Neptunes: a case study of GJ 436 b
• Astro2020 APC White Paper: Durable Agency Support for Exoplanet Catalogs and Archives
• TOI-1518b: A Misaligned Ultra-hot Jupiter with Iron in its Atmosphere
• The TESS-Keck Survey. XI. Mass Measurements for Four Transiting sub-Neptunes orbiting K dwarf TOI-1246
• TOI-1438: A rare system with two short-period sub-Neptunes and a tentative long-period Jupiter-like planet orbiting a K0V star
• A sub-Saturn Mass-Radius Desert for Planets with Equilibrium Temperature Less than 600 K
• A planet-host ratio relation to synthesize microlensing and transiting exoplanet demography from Roman
• Thermoelastic Contraction as a Suppressor of Atmospheric Escape in Close-in Exoplanets
• Do Outer Giants Inflate Neptune-sized Planets? An Architecture-Dependent Mass-Radius Relation
• Constraining stellar rotation and planetary atmospheric evolution of a dozen systems hosting sub-Neptunes and super-Earths
• Sibling Sub-Neptunes Around Sibling M Dwarfs: TOI-521 and TOI-912
• ExoplANETS-A: A VO database for host stars and planetary systems: The effect of XUV on planet atmospheres
• TOI-1201 b: A mini-Neptune transiting a bright and moderately young M dwarf
• A search for transits among the δ Scuti variables in Kepler
• Split Peas in a Pod: Intra-System Uniformity of Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
• On the Need for a Classification System for Consistent Characterization of the Composition of Planetary Bodies
• What the Solar System Can Teach Us About Rocky Exoplanets
• Stellar chemistry and planet size: insights from GALAH DR4
• Atmospheric mass loss and stellar wind effects in young and old systems II: Is TOI-942 the past of TOI-421 system?
• Rapid Formation of Super-Earths Around Low-Mass Stars
• Atmospheric mass loss and stellar wind effects in young and old systems I: comparative 3D study of TOI-942 and TOI-421 systems
• Using observations of escaping H/He to constrain the atmospheric composition of sub-Neptunes
• A Search for helium in the atmospheres of three sub-Neptunes and a super-Earth around M-dwarfs
• Refining the Masses and Radii of the Star Kepler-33 and its Five Transiting Planets
• TFAW survey II: 6 Newly Validated Planets and 13 Planet Candidates from K2
• Revisiting the exoplanet radius valley with host stars from SWEET-Cat
• Hidden Gems in TESS: sherlock finds two new rocky planets around nearby M dwarfs
• Discovery of a multi-planetary system orbiting the aged Sun-like star HD 224018
• Analytical modeling of helium absorption signals of isothermal atmospheric escape
• L 98-59: a Benchmark System of Small Planets for Future Atmospheric Characterization