$\pi$ Earth: a 3.14-day Earth-sized Planet from $\text{K2}$'s Kitchen Served Warm by the SPECULOOS Team

Abstract

We report on the discovery of a transiting Earth-sized (0.95$R_{\oplus }$) planet around an M3.5 dwarf star at 57pc, K2-315b. The planet has a period of $\sim$3.14 days, i.e. $\sim \pi$, with an instellation of 7.45S${}_{\oplus }$. The detection was made using publicly available data from $\text{K2}$'s Campaign 15. We observed three additional transits with SPECULOOS Southern and Northern Observatories, and a stellar spectrum from Keck/HIRES, which allowed us to validate the planetary nature of the signal. The confirmed planet is well suited for comparative terrestrial exoplanetology. While exoplanets transiting ultracool dwarfs present the best opportunity for atmospheric studies of terrestrial exoplanets with the $\text{James Webb Space Telescope}$, those orbiting mid-M dwarfs within 100pc such as K2-315b will become increasingly accessible with the next generation of observatories.

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• Two temperate super-Earths transiting a nearby late-type M dwarf
• SPECULOOS Northern Observatory: searching for red worlds in the northern skies
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