Three Small Super-Earths Transiting the nearby star GJ 9827

Abstract

We report on the discovery of three transiting planets around GJ~9827. The planets have radii of 1.75${}_{-0.12}^{+0.11}$, 1.36${}_{-0.09}^{+0.09}$, and 2.10${}_{-0.15}^{+0.15}$~R${}_{\oplus }$, and periods of 1.20896, 3.6480, and 6.2014 days, respectively. The detection was made in Campaign 12 observations as part of our K2 survey of nearby stars. GJ~9827 is a $V=10.39$~mag K6V star at distance of 30.3 parsecs and the nearest star to be found hosting planets by Kepler and K2. The radial velocity follow-up, high resolution imaging, and detection of multiple transiting objects near commensurability drastically reduce the false positive probability. The orbital periods of GJ~9827~b, c and d planets are very close to the 1:3:5 mean motion resonance. Our preliminary analysis shows that GJ~9827 planets are excellent candidates for atmospheric observations. Besides, the planetary radii span both sides of the rocky and gaseous divide, hence the system will be an asset in expanding our understanding of the threshold.

arXiv comment9 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to AAS Journals

References in corpus (63)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction
• Intrinsic Colors, Temperatures, and Bolometric Corrections of Pre-Main Sequence Stars
• The K2 Mission: Characterization and Early results
• Detection of an Extrasolar Planet Atmosphere
• Planet Occurrence within 0.25 AU of Solar-type Stars from Kepler
• The Fourth US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC4)
• The false positive rate of Kepler and the occurrence of planets
• batman: BAsic Transit Model cAlculatioN in Python
• Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler, III: Analysis of the First 16 Months of Data
• The effects of snowlines on C/O in planetary atmospheres
• A box-fitting algorithm in the search for periodic transits
• Efficient, uninformative sampling of limb darkening coefficients for two-parameter laws
• DHP Framework: Digital Health Passports Using Blockchain -- Use case on international tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic
• On detecting terrestrial planets with timing of giant planet transits
• Most 1.6 Earth-Radius Planets are not Rocky
• Architecture and Dynamics of Kepler's Candidate Multiple Transiting Planet Systems
• Architecture of Kepler's Multi-transiting Systems: II. New investigations with twice as many candidates
• How to Constrain Your M Dwarf: measuring effective temperature, bolometric luminosity, mass, and radius
• Understanding the Mass-Radius Relation for Sub-Neptunes: Radius as a Proxy for Composition
• Temperate Earth-sized planets transiting a nearby ultracool dwarf star
• A Technique for Extracting Highly Precise Photometry for the Two-Wheeled Kepler Mission
• The Mass-Radius Relation for 65 Exoplanets Smaller than 4 Earth Radii
• Validation of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates. III: Light Curve Analysis & Announcement of Hundreds of New Multi-planet Systems
• New Mass Loss Measurements from Astrospheric Lyman-alpha Absorption
• The 3.6-8.0 Micron Broadband Emission Spectrum of HD 209458b: Evidence for an Atmospheric Temperature Inversion
• Measuring the rotation period distribution of field M-dwarfs with Kepler
• The Minimum-Mass Extrasolar Nebula: In-Situ Formation of Close-In Super-Earths
• Sodium Absorption From the Exoplanetary Atmosphere of HD189733b Detected in the Optical Transmission Spectrum
• A disintegrating minor planet transiting a white dwarf
• Kepler-36: A Pair of Planets with Neighboring Orbits and Dissimilar Densities
• HAT-P-16b: A 4 Mj Planet Transiting A Bright Star On An Eccentric Orbit
• Binning is sinning: morphological light-curve distortions due to finite integration time
• Almost All of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates are Planets
• Precision Stellar Characterization of FGKM Stars using an Empirical Spectral Library
• Eccentricity from transit photometry: small planets in Kepler multi-planet systems have low eccentricities
• Stellar Limb-Darkening Coefficients for CoRot and Kepler
• The Atmospheric Signatures of Super-Earths: How to Distinguish Between Hydrogen-Rich and Hydrogen-Poor Atmospheres
• Discovery and Characterization of Transiting SuperEarths Using an All-Sky Transit Survey and Follow-up by the James Webb Space Telescope
• HST hot-Jupiter transmission spectral survey: detection of potassium in WASP-31b along with a cloud deck and Rayleigh scattering
• The Mass of Kepler-93b and The Composition of Terrestrial Planets
• Planetary Candidates from the First Year of the K2 Mission
• 197 Candidates and 104 Validated Planets in K2's First Five Fields
• The Intrinsic Extreme Ultraviolet Fluxes of F5 V to M5 V Stars
• A nearby M star with three transiting super-Earths discovered by K2
• Characterizing Transiting Planet Atmospheres through 2025
• Formation of close in Super-Earths \& Mini-Neptunes: Required Disk Masses \& Their Implications
• The period ratio distribution of Kepler's candidate multiplanet systems
• Eleven Multi-planet Systems from K2 Campaigns 1 & 2 and the Masses of Two Hot Super-Earths
• A general model of resonance capture in planetary systems: First and second order resonances
• The transiting multi-planet system HD3167: a 5.7 MEarth Super-Earth and a 8.3 MEarth mini-Neptune
• Simulating the environment around planet-hosting stars - II. Stellar winds and inner astrospheres
• One of the closest exoplanet pairs to the 3:2 Mean Motion Resonance: K2-19b \& c
• Kepler-77b: a very low albedo, Saturn-mass transiting planet around a metal-rich solar-like star
• EPIC 210894022b - A short period super-Earth transiting a metal poor, evolved old star
• The K2-ESPRINT Project V: a short-period giant planet orbiting a subgiant star
• The Rotation-Activity Correlations in K and M dwarfs. I. Stellar parameters, compilations of $v\sin i$ and $P/\sin i$ for a large sample of late-K and M dwarfs
• Evidence for abnormal H$\alpha$ variability during near-transit observations of HD 189733 b
• Migration of Planets Into and Out of Mean Motion Resonances in Protoplanetary Disks: Analytical Theory of Second-Order Resonances
• Two Hot Jupiters from K2 Campaign 4
• In Situ and Ex Situ Formation Models of Kepler 11 Planets

Cited by in corpus (43)

• TESS's first planet: a super-Earth transiting the naked-eye star $\pi$ Mensae
• Homogeneous Analysis of Hot Earths: Masses, Sizes, and Compositions
• JWST/NIRISS reveals the water-rich "steam world" atmosphere of GJ 9827 d
• HD 202772A B: A Transiting Hot Jupiter Around A Bright, Mildly Evolved Star In A Visual Binary Discovered By Tess
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two planets on the opposite sides of the radius gap transiting the nearby M dwarf LTT 3780
• ExoClock Project III: 450 new exoplanet ephemerides from ground and space observations
• 44 Validated Planets from K2 Campaign 10
• Non-detection of Helium in the Upper Atmospheres of Three Sub-Neptune Exoplanets
• Super-Earth of 8 Mearth in a 2.2-day orbit around the K5V star K2-216
• A Compact Multi-Planet System With A Significantly Misaligned Ultra Short Period Planet
• Hot, rocky and warm, puffy super-Earths orbiting TOI-402 (HD 15337)
• A planetary system with two transiting mini-Neptunes near the radius valley transition around the bright M dwarf TOI-776
• The young HD 73583 (TOI-560) planetary system: Two 10-M${}_{\oplus }$ mini-Neptunes transiting a 500-Myr-old, bright, and active K dwarf
• K2-260 b: a hot Jupiter transiting an F star, and K2-261 b: a warm Saturn around a bright G star
• Masses and radii for the three super-Earths orbiting GJ 9827, and implications for the composition of small exoplanets
• Caught in the Act: Core-powered Mass-loss Predictions for Observing Atmospheric Escape
• A System of Three Super Earths Transiting the Late K-Dwarf GJ 9827 at Thirty Parsecs
• A sub-Neptune and a non-transiting Neptune-mass companion unveiled by ESPRESSO around the bright late-F dwarf HD 5278 (TOI-130)
• Validation of 13 Hot and Potentially Terrestrial TESS Planets
• A Discrete Set of Possible Transit Ephemerides for Two Long Period Gas Giants Orbiting HIP 41378
• Water absorption in the transmission spectrum of the water-world candidate GJ9827d
• TOI-1468: A system of two transiting planets, a super-Earth and a mini-Neptune, on opposite sides of the radius valley
• HD 191939: Three Sub-Neptunes Transiting a Sun-like Star Only 54 pc Away
• Detection and Doppler monitoring of EPIC 246471491, a system of four transiting planets smaller than Neptune
• Three small planets transiting the bright young field star K2-233
• A low-eccentricity migration pathway for a 13-h-period Earth analogue in a four-planet system
• A multi-wavelength look at the GJ 9827 system -- No evidence of extended atmospheres in GJ 9827 b and d from HST and CARMENES data
• Mass determination of the 1:3:5 near-resonant planets transiting GJ 9827 (K2-135)
• K2-140b and K2-180b - Characterization of a hot Jupiter and a mini-Neptune from the K2 mission
• K2-155: A Bright Metal-Poor M Dwarf with Three Transiting Super-Earths
• Physical Parameters of the Multi-Planet Systems HD 106315 and GJ 9827
• Magellan/PFS Radial Velocities of GJ 9827, a late K dwarf at 30 pc with Three Transiting Super-Earths
• Precise mass determination for the keystone sub-Neptune planet transiting the mid-type M dwarf G 9-40
• A hot mini-Neptune in the radius valley orbiting solar analogue HD 110113
• The Atmospheres of Rocky Exoplanets II. Influence of surface composition on the diversity of cloud condensates
• Non-detection of Helium in the Hot Jupiter WASP-48b
• Absence of extended atmospheres in low-mass star radius-gap planets GJ 9827 b, GJ 9827 d and TOI-1235 b
• The multi-planet system TOI-421 -- A warm Neptune and a super puffy mini-Neptune transiting a G9 V star in a visual binary
• $\pi$ Earth: a 3.14-day Earth-sized Planet from $\text{K2}$'s Kitchen Served Warm by the SPECULOOS Team
• Correlating Intrinsic Stellar Parameters with Mg II Self-Reversal Depths
• Validation of a Temperate Fourth Planet in the K2-133 Multi-planet System
• A Cool Earth-sized Planet Candidate Transiting a Tenth Magnitude K-dwarf From K2
• Impact of Clouds on the Atmosphere-Mantle Interface of Sub-Neptunes