Origins Space Telescope Mission Concept Study Report

Abstract

The Origins Space Telescope (Origins) traces our cosmic history, from the formation of the first galaxies and the rise of metals to the development of habitable worlds and present-day life. Origins does this through exquisite sensitivity to infrared radiation from ions, atoms, molecules, dust, water vapor and ice, and observations of extra-solar planetary atmospheres, protoplanetary disks, and large-area extragalactic fields. Origins operates in the wavelength range 2.8 to 588 microns and is 1000 times more sensitive than its predecessors due to its large, cold (4.5 K) telescope and advanced instruments. Origins was one of four large missions studied by the community with support from NASA and industry in preparation for the 2020 Decadal Survey in Astrophysics. This is the final study report.

376 pages

References in corpus (213)

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• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
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• Analytic Lightcurves for Planetary Transit Searches
• Modeling feedback from stars and black holes in galaxy mergers
• The Herschel-SPIRE instrument and its in-flight performance
• A new extensive library of PHOENIX stellar atmospheres and synthetic spectra
• The Relation between Black Hole Mass, Bulge Mass, and Near-Infrared Luminosity
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• Observations of the Icy Universe
• The origins and concentrations of water, carbon, nitrogen and noble gases on Earth
• A continuum from clear to cloudy hot-Jupiter exoplanets without primordial water depletion
• The Mid-Infrared Spectrum of Star-Forming Galaxies: Global Properties of PAH Emission
• Analysis of galaxy SEDs from far-UV to far-IR with CIGALE: Studying a SINGS test sample
• The MUSE second-generation VLT instrument
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• A map of the day-night contrast of the extrasolar planet HD 189733b
• Galaxy formation in the Planck Cosmology - I. Matching the observed evolution of star formation rates, colours and stellar masses
• Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars: Dependence on Planetary Mass
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• Temperate Earth-sized planets transiting a nearby ultracool dwarf star
• Infrared radiation from an extrasolar planet
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• Origins of Hot Jupiters
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• Forming Disk Galaxies in Lambda CDM Simulations
• SCUBA-2: The 10000 pixel bolometer camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
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• Our astrochemical heritage
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• Making other Earths: Dynamical Simulations of Terrestrial Planet Formation and Water Delivery
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• The prevalence of dust on the exoplanet HD 189733b from Hubble and Spitzer observations
• Exoplanet Atmospheres
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• High Resolution Submillimeter Constraints on Circumstellar Disk Structure
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• The Mid-IR Properties of Starburst Galaxies from Spitzer-IRS Spectroscopy
• Stabilizing Cloud Feedback Dramatically Expands the Habitable Zone of Tidally Locked Planets
• Detection of Carbon Monoxide and Water Absorption Lines in an Exoplanet Atmosphere
• A dusty, normal galaxy in the epoch of reionization
• Mid-Infrared Spectral Diagnosis of Submillimeter Galaxies
• An Old Disk That Can Still Form a Planetary System
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• The Evolution of the Water Distribution in a Viscous Protoplanetary Disk
• Metallicity Effects on Mid-Infrared Colors and the 8 micron PAH Emission in Galaxies
• Spiral Density Waves in a Young Protoplanetary Disk
• The climate of HD 189733b from fourteen transits and eclipses measured by Spitzer
• The nature of the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets
• The stickiness of micrometer-sized water-ice particles
• Simulations of magnetic fields in isolated disk galaxies
• Exoplanet Biosignatures: Understanding Oxygen as a Biosignature in the Context of Its Environment
• Transitions in the cloud composition of hot Jupiters
• The ancient heritage of water ice in the solar system
• A Revised Exoplanet Yield from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
• Star Formation in Galaxy Mergers with Realistic Models of Stellar Feedback & the Interstellar Medium
• HD 209458b in New Light: Evidence of Nitrogen Chemistry, Patchy Clouds and Sub-Solar Water
• Herschel PACS Spectroscopic Diagnostics of Local ULIRGs: Conditions and Kinematics in Mrk 231
• Dispersion of Magnetic Fields in Molecular Clouds. I
• Water Vapour Absorption in the Clear Atmosphere of an exo-Neptune
• A Herschel/PACS Far Infrared Line Emission Survey of Local Luminous Infrared Galaxies
• A Parametric Modeling Approach to Measuring the Gas Masses of Circumstellar Disks
• Star and protoplanetary disk properties in Orion's suburbs
• RadioAstron -- a Telescope with a Size of 300 000 km: Main Parameters and First Observational Results
• Finding extraterrestrial life using ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy
• High resolution mid-infrared spectroscopy of ultraluminous infrared galaxies
• Dawes Review 4: Spiral Structures in Disc Galaxies
• The Ultraviolet Radiation Environment Around M dwarf Exoplanet Host Stars
• Complex organic molecules in protoplanetary disks
• Planetesimal formation near the snowline: in or out?
• How to Characterize Habitable Worlds and Signs of Life
• Large-Scale Asymmetries in the Transitional Disks of SAO 206462 and SR 21
• Variations on Debris Disks: Icy Planet Formation at 30-150 AU for 1-3 Solar Mass Main Sequence Stars
• Spectroscopic Redshifts to z > 2 for Optically Obscured Sources Discovered with the Spitzer Space Telescope
• Atmospheric reconnaissance of the habitable-zone Earth-sized planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1
• The inner edge of the habitable zone for synchronously rotating planets around low-mass stars using general circulation models
• Resolved gas cavities in transitional disks inferred from CO isotopologues with ALMA
• How stellar feedback simultaneously regulates star formation and drives outflows
• Effect of episodic accretion on the structure and the lithium depletion of low-mass stars and planet-hosting stars
• Transmission spectral properties of clouds for hot Jupiter exoplanets
• On the Location of the Snow Line in a Protoplanetary Disk
• Towards a Complete Census of AGNs in Nearby Galaxies: A Large Population of Optically Unidentified AGNs
• Testing the No-Hair Theorem with Event Horizon Telescope Observations of Sagittarius A*
• A combined transmission spectrum of the Earth-sized exoplanets TRAPPIST-1 b and c
• Tracing the Ingredients for a Habitable Earth from Interstellar Space through Planet Formation
• Assessing the Habitability of the TRAPPIST-1 System Using a 3D Climate Model
• Atmospheric escape from the TRAPPIST-1 planets and implications for habitability
• Volatile carbon locking and release in protoplanetary disks. A study of TW Hya and HD 100546
• Habitable Moist Atmospheres On Terrestrial Planets Near the Inner Edge Of the Habitable Zone Around M-dwarfs
• Evolutionary Signatures in the Formation of Low-Mass Protostars. II. Towards Reconciling Models and Observations
• Herschel unveils a puzzling uniformity of distant dusty galaxies
• A Significantly Low CO Abundance Toward the TW Hya Protoplanetary Disk: A Path to Active Carbon Chemistry?
• First detection of water vapor in a pre-stellar core
• Simulating galaxies in the reionization era with FIRE-2: galaxy scaling relations, stellar mass functions, and luminosity functions
• Eliminating Error in the Chemical Abundance Scale for Extragalactic HII Regions
• A Two-Dimensional Infrared Map of the Extrasolar Planet HD 189733b
• The atmospheric circulation of a nine-hot Jupiter sample: Probing circulation and chemistry over a wide phase space
• Atmospheric Dynamics of Hot Exoplanets
• The thermal structure and the location of the snow line in the protosolar nebula: axisymmetric models with full 3-D radiative transfer
• A 40 Myr Old Gaseous Circumstellar Disk at 49 Ceti: Massive CO-Rich Comet Clouds at Young A-Type Stars
• Metal-line absorption around $z\approx$2.4 star-forming galaxies in the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey
• High-redshift AGN in the Chandra Deep Fields: the obscured fraction and space density of the sub-$L_{\ast }$ population
• Jet-Powered Molecular Hydrogen Emission from Radio Galaxies
• "Super-deblended" Dust Emission in Galaxies: I. The GOODS-North Catalog and the Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density out to Redshift 6
• Habitable worlds with JWST: transit spectroscopy of the TRAPPIST-1 system?
• The Carbon-Rich Gas in the Beta Pictoris Circumstellar Disk
• Powerful High Velocity-Dispersion Molecular Hydrogen Associated with an Intergalactic Shock Wave in Stephan's Quintet
• Molecular outflows in local ULIRGs: energetics from multi-transition OH analysis
• Spitzer Detection of PAH and Silicate Dust Features in the Mid-Infrared Spectra of z~2 Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
• Biosignature Gases in H2-Dominated Atmospheres on Rocky Exoplanets
• Characterizing Transiting Planet Atmospheres through 2025
• How stellar activity affects the size estimates of extrasolar planets
• Observations of Exoplanet Atmospheres
• The Properties and Prevalence of Galactic Outflows at z = 1 in the Extended Groth Strip
• ISM properties of a Massive Dusty Star-Forming Galaxy discovered at z ~ 7
• No universal minimum-mass extrasolar nebula: Evidence against in-situ accretion of systems of hot super-Earths
• Detection of Thermal Emission from a Super-Earth
• The 8 Micron Phase Variation of the Hot Saturn HD 149026b
• Predictions for the secondary CO, C and O gas content of debris discs from the destruction of volatile-rich planetesimals
• Detectability of biosignatures in anoxic atmospheres with the James Webb Space Telescope: A TRAPPIST-1e case study
• Ice Lines, Planetesimal Composition and Solid Surface Density in the Solar Nebula
• Planck Early Results. II. The thermal performance of Planck
• A New 24 micron Phase Curve for upsilon Andromedae b
• Reliable Identification of Compton-thick Quasars at z~2: Spitzer Mid-IR spectroscopy of HDF-oMD49
• Observations of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies with the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope: Early Results on Mrk 1014, Mrk 463, and UGC 5101
• Transit spectroscopy with JWST: Systematics, starspots and stitching
• A New Star-Formation Rate Calibration from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission Features and Application to High Redshift Galaxies
• The Mid-infrared Fine-structure Lines of Neon as an Indicator of Star For mation Rate in Galaxies
• GASPS - a Herschel survey of gas and dust in Protoplanetary Disks: Summary and Initial Statistics
• Tidal heating of Earth-like exoplanets around M stars: Thermal, magnetic, and orbital evolutions
• Detection of the Buried AGN in NGC 6240 with the Infrared Spectrograph on The Spitzer Space Telescope
• Demarcating circulation regimes of synchronously rotating terrestrial planets within the habitable zone
• SONS: The JCMT legacy survey of debris discs in the submillimetre
• Continuum Variability of Deeply Embedded Protostars as a Probe of Envelope Structure
• The History of the Solar System's Debris Disc: Observable Properties of the Kuiper Belt
• The Spitzer Spectroscopic Survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud (S4MC): Probing the Physical State of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Low-Metallicity Environment
• The dynamics of collapsing cores and star formation
• Mid-Infrared Atomic Fine-Structure Emission Line Spectra of Luminous Infrared Galaxies: Spitzer/IRS Spectra of the GOALS Sample
• Episodic Accretion in Young Stars
• Doppler-imaging of the planetary debris disc at the white dwarf SDSS J122859.93+104032.9
• The upGREAT 1.9 THz multi-pixel high resolution spectrometer for the SOFIA Observatory
• The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, VII: The MIRI Detectors
• Water vapor distribution in protoplanetary disks
• Transition to a Moist Greenhouse with CO${}_2$ and solar forcing
• SPIRITS: Uncovering Unusual Infrared Transients With Spitzer
• Redox evolution via gravitational differentiation on low mass planets: implications for abiotic oxygen, water loss and habitability
• Spitzer Transits of the Super-Earth GJ1214b and Implications for Its Atmosphere
• Highlights in the Study of Exoplanet Atmospheres
• The Infrared Afterglow of Supermassive Black Hole Mergers
• A self-consistent model for the evolution of the gas produced in the debris disc of $\beta$ Pictoris
• Constraining Gas-Phase Carbon, Oxygen, and Nitrogen in the IM Lup Protoplanetary Disk
• Physical Properties of Molecular Clouds at 2 parsec Resolution in the Low-Metallicity Dwarf Galaxy NGC 6822 and the Milky Way
• The Warm Molecular Gas Around the Cloverleaf Quasar
• A Near-Infrared Transmission Spectrum for the Warm Saturn HAT-P-12b
• Spectrally resolved pure rotational lines of water in protoplanetary disks
• Dense cloud cores revealed by CO in the low metallicity dwarf galaxy WLM
• Mid-Infrared IRS Spectroscopy of NGC 7331: A First Look at the SINGS Legacy
• Transits and Occultations
• Magnetized Interstellar Molecular Clouds. I. Comparison Between Simulations and Zeeman Observations
• Galaxy formation in the Planck cosmology - IV. Mass and environmental quenching, conformity and clustering
• GASPS observations of Herbig Ae/Be stars with PACS/Herschel. The atomic and molecular content of their protoplanetary discs
• Water depletion in the disk atmosphere of Herbig AeBe stars
• An improved model of the Edgeworth-Kuiper debris disk
• Crosstalk Reduction for Superconducting Microwave Resonator Arrays
• Feedback in low-mass galaxies in the early Universe
• A Review of Exoplanetary Biosignatures
• Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Uranus from the Spitzer Infrared Spectrometer: 1. Determination of the Mean Temperature Structure of the Upper Troposphere and Stratosphere
• Detection of warm water vapour in Taurus protoplanetary discs by Herschel
• Discovery of strongly blue shifted mid-infrared [NeIII] and [NeV] emission in ULIRGs
• Chemistry and Radiative Transfer of Water in Cold, Dense Clouds
• Tracing black hole accretion with SED decomposition and IR lines: from local galaxies to the high-z Universe
• How do stars gain their mass? A JCMT/SCUBA-2 Transient Survey of Protostars in Nearby Star Forming Regions
• High-ionization mid-infrared lines as black hole mass and bolometric luminosity indicators in active galactic nuclei
• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Mid-Infrared Continuum Emission in a z>4 Submillimeter Galaxy
• Exonephology: Transmission spectra from a 3D simulated cloudy atmosphere of HD209458b
• Self-consistent evolution of accreting low-mass stars and brown dwarfs
• Powerful H2 Line Cooling in Stephan's Quintet II. Group-wide Gas and Shock Modeling of the Warm H2 and a Comparison with [CII]157.7um Emission and Kinematics
• DIGIT survey of far-infrared lines from protoplanetary discs: II. CO
• PRIMUS: An observationally motivated model to connect the evolution of the AGN and galaxy populations out to z~1
• A Spitzer-IRS Detection of Crystalline Silicates in a Protostellar Envelope
• Scanning strategies for imaging arrays
• Measuring stellar granulation during planet transits
• Chandra Observations of the Eagle Nebula. I. Embedded Young Stellar Objects near the Pillars of Creation
• The JCMT Transient Survey: Data Reduction and Calibration Methods
• Stratosphere circulation on tidally locked ExoEarths
• Herschel detects oxygen in the beta Pictoris debris disk
• Hot water in the inner 100 AU of the Class 0 protostar NGC1333 IRAS2A
• Magnetic Spiral Arms and Galactic Outflows
• Exploring organic chemistry in planet-forming zones
• High-velocity neon line emission from the ULIRG IRAS F00183-7111: revealing the optically obscured base of a nuclear outflow
• SOFIA Far Infrared Imaging Polarimetry of M82 and NGC 253: Exploring the Super-Galactic Wind
• Origin of warm and hot gas emission from low-mass protostars: Herschel-HIFI observations of CO J=16-15. I. Line profiles, physical conditions, and H2O abundance
• SPIFI: a direct-detection imaging spectrometer for submillimeter wavelengths
• Testing the Detectability of Extraterrestrial ${\mathrm{O}}_2$ with the ELTs using Real Data with Real Noise
• Primordial Molecular Emission in Population III Galaxies
• Prospects for dark matter detection with IceCube in the context of the CMSSM
• De-blending Deep Herschel Surveys: A Multi-wavelength Approach
• Line emission from circumstellar disks around A stars
• Characterization of Exoplanets: Secondary Eclipses
• Stellar pulsation and granulation as noise sources in exoplanet transit spectroscopy in the ARIEL space mission
• RadioAstron orbit determination and evaluation of its results using correlation of space-VLBI observations
• Development of Aluminum LEKIDs for Balloon-Borne Far-IR Spectroscopy
• Observing H2 Emission in Forming Galaxies
• Survival Function Analysis of Planet Size Distribution with GAIA Data Release 2 Updates
• The Effectiveness of Mid IR / Far IR Blind, Wide Area, Spectral Surveys in Breaking the Confusion Limit
• SEDeblend: A new method for deblending spectral energy distributions in confused imaging
• AutoSpec: Fast Automated Spectral Extraction Software for IFU Datacubes

Cited by in corpus (28)

• Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE): I. Improved exoplanet detection yield estimates for a large mid-infrared space-interferometer mission
• Water in star-forming regions (WISH): Physics and chemistry from clouds to disks as probed by Herschel spectroscopy
• ALMA uncovers the [CII] emission and warm dust continuum in a z = 8.31 Lyman break galaxy
• Vertically resolved magma ocean-protoatmosphere evolution: H${}_2$, H${}_2$O, CO${}_2$, CH${}_4$, CO, O${}_2$, and N${}_2$ as primary absorbers
• Photochemistry of Anoxic Abiotic Habitable Planet Atmospheres: Impact of New H${}_2$O Cross-Sections
• Accurate dust temperature determination in a $z=7.13$ galaxy
• JWST Noise Floor II: Systematic Error Sources in JWST NIRCam Time Series
• Concepts for future missions to search for technosignatures
• Evaluating the Plausible Range of N2O Biosignatures on Exo-Earths: An Integrated Biogeochemical, Photochemical, and Spectral Modeling Approach
• The Past and Future of Mid-Infrared Studies of AGN
• Possibilities for an Aerial Biosphere in Temperate Sub Neptune-Sized Exoplanet Atmospheres
• Bioverse: a simulation framework to assess the statistical power of future biosignature surveys
• A New Method For Studying Exoplanet Atmospheres Using Planetary Infrared Excess
• Disruption of a Planetary Nitrogen Cycle as Evidence of Extraterrestrial Agriculture
• The Demographics of Wide-Separation Planets
• The Role of Atmospheric Exchange in False-Positive Biosignature Detection
• The role of SPICA-like missions and the Origins Space Telescope in the quest for heavily obscured AGN and synergies with Athena
• Phase Modeling of the TRAPPIST-1 Planetary Atmospheres
• Mapping the Universe in HD
• The Phase-curve Signature of Condensible Water-rich Atmospheres on Slowly Rotating Tidally Locked Exoplanets
• Dying of the Light: An X-ray Fading Cold Quasar at z ~ 0.405
• Boosting Line Intensity Map Signal-to-Noise with the Ly-$\alpha$ Forest Cross-Correlation
• High-sensitivity transition-edge-sensed bolometers: improved speed and characterization with AC and DC bias
• Demonstration of ultra-low noise equivalent power using a longitudinal proximity effect transition-edge sensor
• Galaxy evolution through infrared and submillimeter spectroscopy: Measuring star formation and black hole accretion with JWST and ALMA
• A Decade of NASA Strategic Astrophysics Technology Investments: Technology Maturation, Infusion, and Other Benefits
• Redshift Horizon for the Origins Space Telescope from Primordial Dust Emission
• Understanding galaxy formation and evolution through an all-sky submillimetre spectroscopic survey