A 40 Myr Old Gaseous Circumstellar Disk at 49 Ceti: Massive CO-Rich Comet Clouds at Young A-Type Stars

Abstract

The gaseous molecular disk that orbits the main sequence A-type star 49 Ceti has been known since 1995, but the stellar age and the origin of the observed carbon monoxide molecules have been unknown. We now identify 49 Ceti as a member of the 40 Myr old Argus Association and present a colliding comet model to explain the high CO concentrations seen at 49 Ceti and the 30 Myr old A-type star HD 21997. The model suggests that massive -- 400 Earth mass -- analogs of the Sun's Kuiper Belt are in orbit about some A-type stars, that these large masses are composed primarily of comet-like objects, and that these objects are rich in CO and perhaps also CO2. We identify additional early-type members of the Argus Association and the Tucana/Horologium and Columba Associations; some of these stars display excess mid-infrared emission as measured with the Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).

Accepted to ApJ

References in corpus (9)

• Transience of hot dust around sun-like stars
• Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35495 Hipparcos Stars in a Common System
• Variations on Debris Disks: Icy Planet Formation at 30-150 AU for 1-3 Solar Mass Main Sequence Stars
• Nearby debris disk systems with high fractional luminosity reconsidered
• On the Age and Binarity of Fomalhaut
• The International Deep Planet Survey I. The frequency of wide-orbit massive planets around A-stars
• Herschel images of Fomalhaut. An extrasolar Kuiper Belt at the height of its dynamical activity
• A Resolved Molecular Gas Disk around the Nearby A Star 49 Ceti
• High-Resolution Imaging of the Dust Disk around 49 Ceti

Cited by in corpus (109)

• Debris Disks: Structure, Composition, and Variability
• Molecular Gas Clumps from the Destruction of Icy Bodies in the $\beta$ Pictoris Debris Disk
• A planetesimal orbiting within the debris disc around a white dwarf star
• Exocometary gas in the HD 181327 debris ring
• The Gemini NICI Planet-Finding Campaign: The Frequency of Giant Planets around Young B and A Stars
• A Statistical Analysis of SEEDS and Other High-Contrast Exoplanet Surveys: Massive Planets or Low-Mass Brown Dwarfs?
• Predictions for the secondary CO, C and O gas content of debris discs from the destruction of volatile-rich planetesimals
• ALMA observations of the molecular gas in the debris disk of the 30 Myr old star HD 21997
• Detection of exocometary CO within the 440 Myr-old Fomalhaut belt: a similar CO+CO${}_2$ ice abundance in exocomets and Solar System comets
• GASPS - a Herschel survey of gas and dust in Protoplanetary Disks: Summary and Initial Statistics
• The International Deep Planet Survey II: The frequency of directly imaged giant exoplanets with stellar mass
• SONS: The JCMT legacy survey of debris discs in the submillimetre
• Exocometary gas structure, origin and physical properties around $\beta$ Pictoris through ALMA CO multi-transition observations
• Molecular gas in debris disks around young A-type stars
• Large Impacts around a Solar Analog Star in the Era of Terrestrial Planet Formation
• Five steps in the evolution from protoplanetary to debris disk
• Likely Transiting Exocomets Detected by Kepler
• A self-consistent model for the evolution of the gas produced in the debris disc of $\beta$ Pictoris
• The Nearby, Young, Argus Association: Membership, Age, and Dusty Debris Disks
• The GALEX Nearby Young-Star Survey
• CO mass upper limits in the Fomalhaut ring - the importance of NLTE excitation in debris discs and future prospects with ALMA
• The SEEDS Direct Imaging Survey for Planets and Scattered Dust Emission in Debris Disk Systems
• A Comprehensive Census of Nearby Infrared Excess Stars
• A Direct Imaging Survey of Spitzer detected debris disks: Occurrence of giant planets in dusty systems
• Stirring in massive, young debris discs from spatially resolved Herschel images
• Radial Surface Density Profiles of Gas and Dust in the Debris Disk around 49 Ceti
• Planetary Collisions outside the Solar System: Time Domain Characterization of Extreme Debris Disks
• Herschel Observations of Gas and Dust in the Unusual 49 Ceti Debris Disk
• The Kappa Andromedae System: New Constraints on the Companion Mass, System Age & Further Multiplicity
• BANYAN. XII. New Members of Nearby Young Associations from Gaia-Tycho Data
• The SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE)- I Sample definition and target characterization
• The Northern Arc of $\epsilon$ Eridani's Debris Ring as Seen by ALMA
• Young Stars Near Earth: The Octans-Near Association and Castor Moving Group
• A gap in HD 92945's broad planetesimal disc revealed by ALMA
• Gas and dust around A-type stars at tens of Myr:signatures of cometary breakup
• Imaging [CI] around HD 131835: reinterpreting young debris discs with protoplanetary disc levels of CO gas as shielded secondary discs
• Population synthesis of exocometary gas around A stars
• Herschel HIFI observations of ionised carbon in the β Pictoris debris disk
• Origins Space Telescope Mission Concept Study Report
• Unveiling new members in five nearby young moving groups
• ALMA continuum observations of a 30 Myr old gaseous debris disk around HD 21997
• New millimeter CO observations of the gas-rich debris disks 49 Cet and HD 32297
• The hybrid disks: a search and study to better understand evolution of disks
• Self-Stirring of Debris Discs by Planetesimals Formed by Pebble Concentration
• On the Ubiquity and Stellar Luminosity Dependence of Exocometary CO Gas: Detection around M Dwarf TWA 7
• The mass and size of Herbig disks as seen by ALMA
• Insights into the planetary dynamics of HD 206893 with ALMA
• Volatile-Rich Circumstellar Gas in the Unusual 49 Ceti Debris Disk
• First scattered-light images of the gas-rich debris disk around 49 Ceti
• WISE J080822.18-644357.3 - a 45 Myr-old accreting M dwarf hosting a primordial disc
• Exocomets: A spectroscopic survey
• Molecular reconnaissance of the $\beta$ Pictoris gas disk with the SMA: a low HCN/(CO+CO${}_2$) outgassing ratio and predictions for future surveys
• Herschel detects oxygen in the beta Pictoris debris disk
• Kuiper belt structure around nearby super-Earth host stars
• Exocomets from a Solar System Perspective
• Detection of submillimeter-wave [C I] emission in gaseous debris disks of 49 Ceti and Beta Pictoris
• ISPY -- NACO Imaging Survey for Planets around Young stars: Survey description and results from the first 2.5 years of observations
• Survey of planetesimal belts with ALMA: gas detected around the Sun-like star HD 129590
• Exocomet signatures around the A-shell star $\Phi$ Leo?
• Formation of secondary atmospheres on terrestrial planets by late disk accretion
• Resolved Gas Interior to the Dust Rings of the HD 141569 Disk
• Lack of other molecules in CO-rich debris discs: is it primordial or secondary gas?
• Is there more than meets the eye? Presence and role of submicron grains in debris discs
• 2MASS J15460752-6258042: a mid-M dwarf hosting a prolonged accretion disc
• Primordial or Secondary? Testing models of debris disk gas with ALMA
• Herschel Observations of Dusty Debris Disks
• The far-infrared behaviour of Herbig Ae/Be discs: Herschel PACS photometry
• Carbon monoxide gas produced by a giant impact in the inner region of a young system
• Lambda Boo Abundance Patterns: Accretion from Orbiting Sources
• UV Spectroscopy of Star-Grazing Comets within the 49 Ceti Debris Disk
• Vertical evolution of exocometary gas: I. How vertical diffusion shortens the CO lifetime
• Discovery of Resolved Debris Disk Around HD 131835
• First sub-arcsecond submillimeter-wave [C I] image of 49 Ceti with ALMA
• Transient events in bright debris discs: Collisional avalanches revisited
• On the pollution of white dwarfs by exo-Oort cloud comets
• Modelling the Spatial Distribution and Origin of CO Gas in Debris Disks
• The Discovery of lambda Bootis Stars -- The Southern Survey II
• Inner edges of planetesimal belts: collisionally eroded or truncated?
• Morphology of the gas-rich debris disk around HD 121617 with SPHERE observations in polarized light
• Insights into planet formation from debris disks: I. The solar system as an archetype for planetesimal evolution
• Detection of Nitrogen gas in the $\beta$ Pictoris circumstellar disk
• Self-gravity of debris discs can strongly change the outcomes of interactions with inclined planets
• Can comets deliver prebiotic molecules to rocky exoplanets?
• Physical conditions of gas components in debris disks of 49 Ceti and HD 21997
• Circumstellar discs: What will be next?
• A Deep Search for Five Molecules in the 49 Ceti Debris Disk
• Four new PLanetesimals Around TYpical and Pre-main seqUence Stars (PLATYPUS) Debris Discs at 8.8mm
• Development of models for nearby young stellar moving groups: creation, revision, and finalisation of the models
• HR 10: A main-sequence binary with circumstellar envelopes around both components. Discovery and analysis
• A multi-wavelength study of the debris disc around 49 Cet
• Sparse aperture masking at the VLT II. Detection limits for the eight debris disks stars $\beta$ Pic, AU Mic, 49 Cet, $\eta$ Tel, Fomalhaut, g Lup, HD181327 and HR8799
• Consequences of dynamically unstable moons in extrasolar systems
• First detection of submillimeter-wave [13C I] 3P1-3P0 emission in a gaseous debris disk of 49 Ceti with ALMA
• A Radiatively Driven Wind from the eta Tel Debris Disk
• An unusually large gaseous transit in a debris disc
• Accretion and OH Photodissociation at a Nearby T Tauri System in the beta Pictoris Moving Group
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS) IV: CO gas imaging and overview
• High resolution ALMA observation of the ${}^{12}$CO(3-2) and 350 GHz continuum emissions of the debris disc of 49 Ceti
• An Incipient Debris Disk in the Chamaeleon I Cloud
• Abundance analysis of stars hosting gas-rich debris disks
• Case Studies of Exocomets in the System of HD 10180
• VLT/SPHERE survey for exoplanets around young, early-type stars including systems with multi-belt architectures
• Exocomets in the 47 UMa System: Theoretical Simulations including Water Transport
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS). X. Interpreting the peculiar dust rings around HD 131835
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS) VIII: A dust arc and non-Keplerian gas kinematics in HD 121617
• Discovery of carbon monoxide emission from five debris disks around young A-type stars
• High CO/H2 ratios supports an exocometary origin for a CO-rich debris disk
• Water vapor as a probe of the origin of gas in debris disks
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS) XI: Gas-dust interactions and radial offsets between micron and millimetre-sized grains