Planck intermediate results. XIX. An overview of the polarized thermal emission from Galactic dust

Abstract

This paper presents the large-scale polarized sky as seen by Planck HFI at 353 GHz, which is the most sensitive Planck channel for dust polarization. We construct and analyse large-scale maps of dust polarization fraction and polarization direction, while taking account of noise bias and possible systematic effects. We find that the maximum observed dust polarization fraction is high (pmax > 18%), in particular in some of the intermediate dust column density (AV < 1mag) regions. There is a systematic decrease in the dust polarization fraction with increasing dust column density, and we interpret the features of this correlation in light of both radiative grain alignment predictions and fluctuations in the magnetic field orientation. We also characterize the spatial structure of the polarization angle using the angle dispersion function and find that, in nearby fields at intermediate latitudes, the polarization angle is ordered over extended areas that are separated by filamentary structures, which appear as interfaces where the magnetic field sky projection rotates abruptly without apparent variations in the dust column density. The polarization fraction is found to be anti-correlated with the dispersion of the polarization angle, implying that the variations are likely due to fluctuations in the 3D magnetic field orientation along the line of sight sampling the diffuse interstellar medium.We also compare the dust emission with the polarized synchrotron emission measured with the Planck LFI, with low-frequency radio data, and with Faraday rotation measurements of extragalactic sources. The two polarized components are globally similar in structure along the plane and notably in the Fan and North Polar Spur regions. A detailed comparison of these three tracers shows, however, that dust and cosmic rays generally sample different parts of the line of sight and confirms that much of the variation observed in the Planck data is due to the 3D structure of the magnetic field.

References in corpus (23)

• Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Likelihoods and Parameters from the WMAP data
• Three Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Polarization Analysis
• Radiative torques: Analytical Model and Basic Properties
• Tracing Magnetic Fields with Aligned Grains
• Radio observational constraints on Galactic 3D-emission models
• Search for TeV Gamma-ray Emission from GRB 100621A, an extremely bright GRB in X-rays, with H.E.S.S
• The outer scale of turbulence in the magneto-ionized Galactic interstellar medium
• Separation of anomalous and synchrotron emissions using WMAP polarization data
• Rotation Measures of Extragalactic Sources Behind the Southern Galactic Plane: New Insights into the Large-Scale Magnetic Field of the Inner Milky Way
• Studies of regular and random magnetic fields in the ISM: statistics of polarization vectors and the Chandrasekhar-Fermi technique
• Planck intermediate results. XXII. Frequency dependence of thermal emission from Galactic dust in intensity and polarization
• Radiative torque alignment: Essential Physical Processes
• Planck intermediate results. XX. Comparison of polarized thermal emission from Galactic dust with simulations of MHD turbulence
• The Efficiency of Grain Alignment in Dense Interstellar Clouds: A Reassessment of Constraints from Near Infrared Polarization
• Planck intermediate results. XXI. Comparison of polarized thermal emission from Galactic dust at 353 GHz with interstellar polarization in the visible
• Magnetic fields in massive star forming regions
• Polarization measurements analysis I. Impact of the full covariance matrix on polarization fraction and angle measurements
• Antisymmetry in the Faraday Rotation Sky Caused by a Nearby Magnetized Bubble
• Galactic interstellar turbulence in the southern sky seen through spatial gradients of the polarization vector
• On Predicting the Polarization of Low Frequency Emission by Diffuse Interstellar Dust
• Polarized Emission from Interstellar Dust
• Depolarization canals and interstellar turbulence
• Model of the polarized foreground diffuse Galactic emissions from 33 to 353 GHz

Cited by in corpus (149)

• Toward an Understanding of Foreground Emission in the BICEP2 Region
• The Powers of Monodromy
• Cosmological parameters derived from the final (PR4) Planck data release
• Planck intermediate results. XXII. Frequency dependence of thermal emission from Galactic dust in intensity and polarization
• Planck intermediate results. XX. Comparison of polarized thermal emission from Galactic dust with simulations of MHD turbulence
• CLASS: The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor
• A spectroscopic search for AGN activity in the reionization era
• Interferometric observations of magnetic fields in forming stars
• Mapping the Magnetic Interstellar Medium in Three Dimensions Over the Full Sky with Neutral Hydrogen
• CCAT-prime Collaboration: Science Goals and Forecasts with Prime-Cam on the Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope
• Planck intermediate results. XXI. Comparison of polarized thermal emission from Galactic dust at 353 GHz with interstellar polarization in the visible
• Geminga's puzzling pulsar wind nebula
• The role of magnetic fields in the formation of protostellar discs
• Submillimeter and Far-Infrared Polarimetric Observations of Magnetic Fields in Star-Forming Regions
• Dust polarized emission observations of NGC 6334; BISTRO reveals the details of the complex but organized magnetic field structure of the high-mass star-forming hub-filament network
• The Green Bank Ammonia Survey: Dense Cores Under Pressure in Orion A
• Probing interstellar turbulence in cirrus with deep optical imaging: no sign of energy dissipation at 0.01 pc scale
• The Origin of Parity Violation in Polarized Dust Emission and Implications for Cosmic Birefringence
• The Physical Nature of Neutral Hydrogen Intensity Structure
• Planck intermediate results. L. Evidence for spatial variation of the polarized thermal dust spectral energy distribution and implications for CMB $B$-mode analysis
• Interstellar filaments and star formation
• The magnetic field and dust filaments in the Polaris Flare
• The JCMT BISTRO Survey: The Magnetic Field of the Barnard 1 Star-Forming Region
• Evidence for Line-of-Sight Frequency Decorrelation of Polarized Dust Emission in $Planck$ Data
• JCMT POL-2 and BISTRO Survey observations of magnetic fields in the L1689 molecular cloud
• Origins Space Telescope Mission Concept Study Report
• On Internal and External Alignment of Dust Grains in Protostellar Environments
• A survey of the thermal and non-thermal properties of cosmic filaments
• Synthetic Observations of Magnetic Fields in Protostellar Cores
• Magnetically Dominated Parallel Interstellar Filaments at the Infrared Dark Cloud G14.225-0.506
• Modeling Dust Polarization Observations of Molecular Clouds through MHD Simulations
• Extreme Starlight Polarization in a Region with Highly Polarized Dust Emission
• Revisiting the distance to radio Loops I and IV using Gaia and radio/optical polarization data
• Revealing the diverse magnetic field morphologies in Taurus dense cores with sensitive sub-millimeter polarimetry
• Using the Starlight Polarization Efficiency Integral to Constrain Shapes and Porosities of Interstellar Grains
• Modeling Grain Alignment by Radiative Torques and Hydrogen Formation Torques in Reflection Nebula
• The JCMT BISTRO survey: alignment between outflows and magnetic fields in dense cores/clumps
• Polarimetry at millimeter wavelengths with the NIKA camera: calibration and performance
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Microwave Intensity and Polarization Maps of the Galactic Center
• The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS): 38 GHz detector array of bolometric polarimeters
• HI anisotropies associated with radio-polarimetric filaments. Steep power spectra associated with cold gas
• Multi-scale Magnetic Fields in the Central Molecular Zone: Inference from the Gradient Technique
• The Fan Region at 1.5 GHz. I: Polarized synchrotron emission extending beyond the Perseus Arm
• Effects of grain alignment with magnetic fields on grain growth and the structure of dust aggregates
• Observations of magnetic fields surrounding LkH$\alpha$ 101 taken by the BISTRO survey with JCMT-POL-2
• The JCMT BISTRO-2 Survey: Magnetic Fields of the Massive DR21 Filament
• The Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi Method Revisited
• Extragalactic magnetism with SOFIA (SALSA Legacy Program) -- V: First results on the magnetic field orientation of galaxies
• Predictions of Cosmic Microwave Background Foregrounds Dust Polarization Using Velocity Gradients
• The Galactic Plane Infrared Polarization Survey (GPIPS): Data Release 4
• The relative orientation between the magnetic field and gradients of surface brightness within thin velocity slices of 12CO and 13CO emission from the Taurus molecular cloud
• Studying magnetic fields and dust in M17 using polarized thermal dust emission observed by SOFIA/HAWC+
• Physical Modeling of Dust Polarization from Magnetically Enhanced Radiative Torque (MRAT) Alignment in Protostellar Cores with POLARIS
• The first degree-scale starlight-polarization-based tomography map of the magnetized interstellar medium
• Full-sky Models of Galactic Microwave Emission and Polarization at Sub-arcminute Scales for the Python Sky Model
• Non-Gaussian modelling and statistical denoising of Planck dust polarization full-sky maps using scattering transforms
• Formation of the SDC13 Hub-Filament System: A Cloud-Cloud Collision Imprinted on The Multiscale Magnetic Field
• Physical and chemical structure of the Serpens filament -- fast formation and gravity-driven accretion
• HAWC+/SOFIA Polarimetry in L1688: Relative Orientation of Magnetic Field and Elongated Cloud Structure
• A Unified Model for the Fan Region and the North Polar Spur: A bundle of filaments in the Local Galaxy
• Local Molecular Gas toward the Aquila Rift Region
• BICEP / Keck XVI: Characterizing Dust Polarization through Correlations with Neutral Hydrogen
• Size limit of superparamagnetic inclusions in dust grains and difficulty of magnetic grain alignment in protoplanetary disks
• A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey VIII. Formaldehyde absorption in Cygnus~X
• Full-sky, arcminute-scale, 3D models of Galactic microwave foreground dust emission based on filaments
• Two-component Magnetic Field along the Line of Sight to the Perseus Molecular Cloud: Contribution of the Foreground Taurus Molecular Cloud
• Natural Milli-Charged Inflation
• Nature of Striation in 21 cm Channel Maps: Velocity Caustics
• A Multi-Scale Picture of Magnetic Field and Gravity from Large-Scale Filamentary Envelope to Core-Accreting Dust Lanes in the High-Mass Star-Forming Region W51
• HAWC+ Far-Infrared Observations of the Magnetic Field Geometry in M51 and NGC 891
• Polarised emission from aligned dust grains in nearby galaxies: predictions from the Auriga simulations
• The conventions for the polarization angle
• Decomposing Magnetic Fields in Three Dimensions over the Central Molecular Zone
• Mapping the Galactic Magnetic Field Orientation and Strength in Three Dimensions
• Probing Three-Dimensional Magnetic Fields: I -- Polarized Dust Emission
• Origin of Galactic Spurs: New Insight from Radio/X-ray All-sky Maps
• Characterizing three-dimensional magnetic field, turbulence, and self-gravity in the star-forming region L1688
• Probing the magnetic fields in L1415 and L1389
• AFGL 5180 and AFGL 6366S: sites of hub-filament systems at the opposite edges of a filamentary cloud
• Polarization measurement analysis III. Analysis of the polarization angle dispersion function with high precision polarization data
• HI-H${}_2$ transition: exploring the role of the magnetic field
• QUIJOTE Scientific results. III. Microwave spectrum of intensity and polarization in the Taurus molecular cloud Complex and L1527
• A kiloparsec-scale ordered magnetic field in a galaxy at z=5.6
• Covariant polarized radiative transfer on cosmological scales for investigating large-scale magnetic field structures
• Filamentary Dust Polarization and the Morphology of Neutral Hydrogen Structures
• Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) Science: Our Galaxy
• Alignment of dense molecular core morphology and velocity gradients with ambient magnetic fields
• Galactic halo bubble magnetic fields and UHECR deflections
• Magnetic fields in the Horsehead Nebula
• The Role of Magnetic Fields in the Stability and Fragmentation of Filamentary Molecular Clouds: Two Case Studies at OMC-3 and OMC-4
• Characterising the Magnetic Fields of Nearby Molecular Clouds using Submillimeter Polarization Observations
• IC 5146 dark Streamer: is a first reliable candidate of edge collapse, hub-filament systems, and intertwined sub-filaments?
• Magnetic fields and outflows in the large Bok globule CB 54
• Is the mm/submm dust polarization a robust tracer of the magnetic field topology in protostellar envelopes? A model exploration
• The Kinematic Structure of Magnetically Aligned HI Filaments
• HI filaments as potential compass needles? Comparing the magnetic field structure of the Small Magellanic Cloud to the orientation of GASKAP-HI filaments
• On the origin of radio-loudness in active galactic nuclei using far-infrared polarimetric observations
• On Far-Infrared and Submm Circular Polarization
• The JCMT BISTRO-2 Survey: The Magnetic Field in the Center of the Rosette Molecular Cloud
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Power Spectrum Foreground Model and Validation
• Time Evolution of 3D Disk Formation with Misaligned Magnetic Field and Rotation Axes
• Core orientations and magnetic fields in isolated molecular clouds
• The Role of Magnetic Fields in the Formation of the Filamentary Infrared Dark Cloud G11.11-0.12
• The Transition of Polarized Dust Thermal Emission from the Protostellar Envelope to the Disk Scale
• GRB 210619B optical afterglow polarization
• Joint Bayesian estimation of tensor and lensing B-modes in the power spectrum of CMB polarization data
• Three-Dimensional Aquila Rift: Magnetized HI Arch Anchored by Molecular Complex
• Alignment and Rotational Disruption of Dust Grains in the Galactic Centre Revealed by Polarized Dust Emission
• CMB Shadows: The Effect of Interstellar Extinction on Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization and Temperature Anisotropy
• Statistical imprints of CMB B-type polarization leakage in an incomplete sky survey analysis
• A Tale of Three: Magnetic Fields along the Orion Integral-Shaped Filament as Revealed by JCMT BISTRO survey
• The magnetic field of the Radcliffe Wave: starlight polarization at nearest approach to the Sun
• Tracing the magnetic field morphology of the LDN 1172/1174 cloud complex
• The JCMT BISTRO-3 Survey: Variation of magnetic field orientations on parsec and sub-parsec scales in the massive star-forming region G28.34+0.06
• CMB B-modes, spinorial space-time and Pre-Big Bang (II)
• Unveiling polarized emission from interstellar dust of the Large Magellanic Cloud with Planck
• Relative Alignment Between Magnetic Fields and Molecular Gas Structure in Molecular Clouds
• Magnetic fields and young stellar objects in cometary cloud LDN 1616
• Widespread subsonic turbulence in Ophiuchus North 1
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- XVIII. New constraints on the polarization of the Anomalous Microwave Emission in bright Galactic regions: $\rho$\,Ophiuchi, Perseus and W43
• Is non-particle dark matter equation of state parameter evolving with time?
• Gas dynamics in the star forming region G18.148$-$0.283: Is it a manifestation of two colliding molecular clouds?
• SOFIA/HAWC+ Far-Infrared Polarimetric Large Area CMZ Exploration Survey. V. The Magnetic Field Strength and Morphology in the Sagittarius C Complex
• The Dust Polarisation and Magnetic Field Structure in the Centre of NGC253 with ALMA
• Statistics of the CMB polarised anisotropies
• Statistical signatures of interstellar turbulence in dust polarization maps
• The Rotation Dip in the Envelope-Disk Transition of HH 111: Evidence for Magnetic Braking
• Extragalactic magnetism with SOFIA (SALSA Legacy Program) -- IV: Program overview and first results on the polarization fraction
• Far-infrared Polarization of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A with SOFIA HAWC+
• Observational Signatures of Galactic Turbulent Dynamos
• Parallel and Perpendicular Alignments of Velocity Gradient and Magnetic Field observed in the Molecular Clouds L1478 and L1482
• Studies of Evolved Stars in the Next Decade: EAO Submillimetre Futures White Paper Series, 2019
• Paradigmatic examples for testing models of optical light polarization by spheroidal dust
• Analysis of Galactic molecular cloud polarization maps: a review of the methods
• Performance of the polarization leakage correction in the PILOT data
• Magnetic Fields Studies in the Next Decade: EAO Submillimetre Futures White Paper Series, 2019
• Some Aspects of Rotation and Magnetic Field Morphology in the Infrared Dark Cloud G34.43+00.24
• Candidate dust structures for starlight polarization
• A three-dimensional reconstruction of the interstellar magnetic field toward a star-forming region
• Large Interstellar Polarisation Survey. III. Observational constraints on the structure of grains
• Interstellar filament detection and characterization: methods and implications for studies of magnetized interstellar medium
• An S-shaped filament formed due to Cloud-Cloud Collision in molecular cloud G178.28-00.61
• Magnetic field of a ring-like shape molecular cloud
• What is the amount of baryonic dark matter in galaxies?
• Detectability of Galactic Faraday Rotation in Multi-wavelength CMB Observations: A Cross-Correlation Analysis of CMB and Radio Maps
• Probing Polarization and the Role of Magnetic Fields in Cloud Destruction in the Keyhole Nebula
• Multi-tracer analysis of straight depolarisation canals in the surroundings of the 3C 196 field
• Magnetic field alignment with dense cores in the transition between cloud and core scales
• The role of radiative torques in the molecular cloud core L43