Characterization of foreground emission at degree angular scale for CMB B-modes observations. Thermal Dust and Synchrotron signal from Planck and WMAP data

Abstract

We quantify the contamination from polarized diffuse Galactic synchrotron and thermal dust emissions to the B-modes of the CMB anisotropies on the degree angular scale, using data from the Planck and WMAP satellites. We compute power spectra of foreground polarized emissions in 352 circular sky patches located at Galactic latitude |b|>20°, each of which covering a fraction of the sky of about 1.5%. We make use of the spectral properties derived from Planck and WMAP data to extrapolate, in frequency, the amplitude of synchrotron and thermal dust B-modes spectra in the multipole bin centered at $\ell \simeq 80$. In this way we estimate, for each analyzed region, the amplitude and frequency of the foreground minimum. We detect both dust and synchrotron signal, at degree angular scale and at 3 confidence level, in 28 regions. Here the minimum of the foreground emission is found at frequencies between 60 and 100 GHz with an amplitude,expressed in terms of the equivalent tensor-to-scalar ratio, r_FG, between ~0.06 and ~1. Some of these regions are located at high Galactic latitudes, in areas close to the ones which are being observed by sub-orbital experiments.In all the other sky patches, where synchrotron or dust B-modes are not detectable with the required confidence, we put upper limits on the minimum foreground contamination and find values of r_FG between ~0.05 and ~1.5, in the frequency range 60-90 GHz. Our results indicate that, with the current sensitivity at low frequency, it is not possible to exclude the presence of synchrotron contamination to CMB cosmological B-modes at the level requested to measure a gravitational waves signal with r~0.01, at frequency <100 GHz, anywhere. Therefore, more accurate data are essential in order to better characterize the synchrotron polarized component, and eventually, remove its contamination to CMB signal through foreground cleaning.

10 pages, 7 figures

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Cited by in corpus (43)

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• Planck 2018 results. XI. Polarized dust foregrounds
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• The S-PASS view of polarized Galactic Synchrotron at 2.3 GHz as a contaminant to CMB observations
• S-band Polarization All Sky Survey (S-PASS): survey description and maps
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• QUIJOTE Scientific Results. II. Polarisation Measurements of the Microwave Emission in the Galactic molecular complexes W43 and W47 and supernova remnant W44
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• Needlet thresholding methods in component separation
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• Non-parametric maximum likelihood component separation for CMB polarization data
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• Approximate Likelihood Approaches for Detecting the Influence of Primordial Gravitational Waves in Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization
• Delensing for Precision Cosmology: Optimizing Future CMB B-mode Surveys to Constrain r