How bad could it be? Modelling the 3D complexity of the polarised dust signal using moment expansion

Abstract

The variation of the physical conditions across the three dimensions of our Galaxy is a major source of complexity for the modelling of the foreground signal facing the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In the present work, we demonstrate that the spin-moment expansion formalism provides a powerful framework to model and understand this complexity, with a special focus on that arising from variations of the physical conditions along each line-of-sight on the sky. We perform the first application of the moment expansion to reproduce a thermal dust model largely used by the CMB community, demonstrating its power as a minimal tool to compress, understand and model the information contained within any foreground model. Furthermore, we use this framework to produce new models of thermal dust emission containing the maximal amount of complexity allowed by the current data, remaining compatible with the observed angular power-spectra by the $Planck$ mission. By assessing the impact of these models on the performance of component separation methodologies, we conclude that the additional complexity contained within the third dimension could represent a significant challenge for future CMB experiments and that different component separation approaches are sensitive to different properties of the moments.

arXiv commentAccepted by A&A

References in corpus (62)

• Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters
• HEALPix -- a Framework for High Resolution Discretization, and Fast Analysis of Data Distributed on the Sphere
• Planck 2018 results. I. Overview and the cosmological legacy of Planck
• The Interstellar Environment of our Galaxy
• First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Foreground Emission
• A Joint Analysis of BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck Data
• Signature of Gravity Waves in Polarization of the Microwave Background
• A Probe of Primordial Gravity Waves and Vorticity
• Planck 2018 results. IV. Diffuse component separation
• A unified pseudo-$C_{\ell }$ framework
• Planck intermediate results. LVII. Joint Planck LFI and HFI data processing
• A full sky, low foreground, high resolution CMB map from WMAP
• Improved limits on the tensor-to-scalar ratio using BICEP and Planck
• The Python Sky Model: software for simulating the Galactic microwave sky
• The Optical-Infrared Extinction Curve and its Variation in the Milky Way
• Planck intermediate results. XXX. The angular power spectrum of polarized dust emission at intermediate and high Galactic latitudes
• Planck 2018 results. XI. Polarized dust foregrounds
• Planck 2018 results. XII. Galactic astrophysics using polarized dust emission
• Planck intermediate results. XVII. Emission of dust in the diffuse interstellar medium from the far-infrared to microwave frequencies
• Cosmic Birefringence from Planck Data Release 4
• Rethinking CMB foregrounds: systematic extension of foreground parameterizations
• Maximum Likelihood algorithm for parametric component separation in CMB experiments
• Variation in dust properties in a dense filament of the Taurus molecular complex (L1506)
• Sensitivity and foreground modelling for large-scale CMB B-mode polarization satellite missions
• Dust Emissivity Variations In the Milky Way
• Updated constraints on amplitude and tilt of the tensor primordial spectrum
• Exploring Cosmic Origins with CORE: B-mode Component Separation
• Sunyaev-Zeldovich signal processing and temperature-velocity moment method for individual clusters
• Peeling off foregrounds with the constrained moment ILC method to unveil primordial CMB $B$-modes
• The Origin of Parity Violation in Polarized Dust Emission and Implications for Cosmic Birefringence
• SRoll2: an improved mapmaking approach to reduce large-scale systematic effects in the Planck High Frequency Instrument legacy maps
• The RWST, a comprehensive statistical description of the non-Gaussian structures in the ISM
• Characterization of foreground emission at degree angular scale for CMB B-modes observations. Thermal Dust and Synchrotron signal from Planck and WMAP data
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- IV. A northern sky survey in intensity and polarization at 10-20GHz with the Multi-Frequency Instrument
• Evidence for Line-of-Sight Frequency Decorrelation of Polarized Dust Emission in $Planck$ Data
• Comparing Polarised Synchrotron and Thermal Dust Emission in the Galactic Plane
• A 3-D model of polarised dust emission in the Milky Way
• Bayesian component separation and CMB estimation for the 5-year WMAP temperature data
• Characterizing bias on large scale CMB $B$-modes after galactic foregrounds cleaning
• The Simons Observatory: pipeline comparison and validation for large-scale B-modes
• Dust moments: towards a new modelling of the galactic dust emission for CMB B-modes analysis
• Frequency dependence of the thermal dust $E/B$ ratio and $EB$ correlation: insights from the spin-moment expansion
• Magnetic Misalignment of Interstellar Dust Filaments
• The first degree-scale starlight-polarization-based tomography map of the magnetized interstellar medium
• Non-Gaussian modelling and statistical denoising of Planck dust polarization full-sky maps using scattering transforms
• Multi-Clustering Needlet-ILC for CMB B-modes component separation
• Minkowski Functionals of CMB polarisation intensity with Pynkowski: theory and application to Planck and future data
• Dust polarization spectral dependence from Planck HFI data. Turning point on CMB polarization foregrounds modelling
• Cosmoglobe DR1 results. I. Improved Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe maps through Bayesian end-to-end analysis
• Characterising cosmic birefringence in the presence of galactic foregrounds and instrumental systematic effects
• Improved Galactic Foreground Removal for B-Modes Detection with Clustering Methods
• Optimization of foreground moment deprojection for semi-blind CMB polarization reconstruction
• A hybrid map-$C_{\ell }$ component separation method for primordial CMB $B$-mode searches
• Modeling parity-violating spectra in Galactic dust polarization with filaments and its applications to cosmic birefringence searches
• Characterizing line-of-sight variability of polarized dust emission with future CMB experiments
• Generative models of astrophysical fields with scattering transforms on the sphere
• Analysis of Polarized Dust Emission Using Data from the First Flight of SPIDER
• Impact of Galactic dust non-Gaussianity on searches for B-modes from inflation
• Non-parametric maximum likelihood component separation for CMB polarization data
• Mitigating Bias in CMB B-modes from Foreground Cleaning Using a Moment Expansion
• Evaluation of the single-component thermal dust emission model in CMB experiments
• Extended Delta-map: a map-based foreground removal method for CMB polarization observations

Cited by in corpus (4)

• The Simons Observatory: Assessing the Impact of Dust Complexity on the Recovery of Primordial $B$-modes
• Requirements on bandpass resolution and measurement precision for LiteBIRD
• Do We Have Sufficient Knowledge of the Galactic Foreground Emission in Cosmic Microwave Background Science?
• On the computational feasibility of Bayesian end-to-end analysis of LiteBIRD simulations within Cosmoglobe