QUIJOTE scientific results -- IV. A northern sky survey in intensity and polarization at 10-20GHz with the Multi-Frequency Instrument

Abstract

We present QUIJOTE intensity and polarization maps in four frequency bands centred around 11, 13, 17 and 19GHz, and covering approximately 29000 deg${}^2$, including most of the Northern sky region. These maps result from 9000 h of observations taken between May 2013 and June 2018 with the first QUIJOTE instrument (MFI), and have angular resolutions of around $1^{\circ }$, and sensitivities in polarization within the range 35-40 $\mu$K per 1-degree beam, being a factor $\sim 2$-$4$ worse in intensity. We discuss the data processing pipeline employed, and the basic characteristics of the maps in terms of real space statistics and angular power spectra. A number of validation tests have been applied to characterise the accuracy of the calibration and the residual level of systematic effects, finding a conservative overall calibration uncertainty of 5%. We also discuss flux densities for four bright celestial sources (Tau A, Cas A, Cyg A and 3C274) which are often used as calibrators at microwave frequencies. The polarization signal in our maps is dominated by synchrotron emission. The distribution of spectral index values between the 11GHz and WMAP 23GHz map peaks at $\beta =-3.09$ with a standard deviation of 0.14. The measured BB/EE ratio at scales of $\ell =80$ is $0.26\pm 0.07$ for a Galactic cut $|b|>10^{\circ }$. We find a positive TE correlation for 11GHz at large angular scales ($\ell \lesssim 50$), while the EB and TB signals are consistent with zero in the multipole range $30\lesssim \ell \lesssim 150$. The maps discussed in this paper are publicly available.

arXiv comment60 pages. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Maps and derived data products available at https://research.iac.es/proyecto/quijote/

References in corpus (75)

• Array Programming with NumPy
• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• HEALPix -- a Framework for High Resolution Discretization, and Fast Analysis of Data Distributed on the Sphere
• Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Final Maps and Results
• Planck 2018 results. I. Overview and the cosmological legacy of Planck
• The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts
• An All-Sky Analysis of Polarization in the Microwave Background
• First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Foreground Emission
• BICEP / Keck XIII: Improved Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves using Planck, WMAP, and BICEP/Keck Observations through the 2018 Observing Season
• A Probe of Primordial Gravity Waves and Vorticity
• Planck 2018 results. IV. Diffuse component separation
• A unified pseudo-$C_{\ell }$ framework
• Planck 2018 results. III. High Frequency Instrument data processing and frequency maps
• Planck intermediate results. LVII. Joint Planck LFI and HFI data processing
• Joint Bayesian component separation and CMB power spectrum estimation
• CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves
• Improved limits on the tensor-to-scalar ratio using BICEP and Planck
• The Python Sky Model: software for simulating the Galactic microwave sky
• Planck intermediate results. XXX. The angular power spectrum of polarized dust emission at intermediate and high Galactic latitudes
• Separation of anomalous and synchrotron emissions using WMAP polarization data
• Planck 2018 results. XI. Polarized dust foregrounds
• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Planets and Celestial Calibration Sources
• Analysis of CMB polarization on an incomplete sky
• Xspect, estimation of the angular power spectrum by computing cross-power spectra with analytical error bars
• A novel estimator of the polarization amplitude from normally distributed Stokes parameters
• A Determination of the Spectral Index of Galactic Synchrotron Emission in the 1-10 GHz range
• Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Bayesian Estimation of CMB Polarization Maps
• Design, Implementation and Testing of the MAP Radiometers
• The State-of-Play of Anomalous Microwave Emission (AME) Research
• Cross-correlation of Tenerife data with Galactic templates - evidence for spinning dust?
• Planck 2018 results. II. Low Frequency Instrument data processing
• The S-PASS view of polarized Galactic Synchrotron at 2.3 GHz as a contaminant to CMB observations
• Planck 2015 results. III. LFI systematic uncertainties
• Planck 2013 results. II. Low Frequency Instrument data processing
• Planck 2015 results. V. LFI calibration
• Measurement of the Crab nebula polarization at 90 GHz as a calibrator for CMB experiments
• S-band Polarization All Sky Survey (S-PASS): survey description and maps
• Planck 2013 results. V. LFI calibration
• Measurements of the Intensity and Polarization of the Anomalous Microwave Emission in the Perseus molecular complex with QUIJOTE
• Spatial variations in the spectral index of polarized synchrotron emission in the 9 yr WMAP sky maps
• QUIJOTE Scientific Results. II. Polarisation Measurements of the Microwave Emission in the Galactic molecular complexes W43 and W47 and supernova remnant W44
• Planck 2013 results. III. LFI systematic uncertainties
• Planck intermediate results. L. Evidence for spatial variation of the polarized thermal dust spectral energy distribution and implications for CMB $B$-mode analysis
• Jupiter's Ammonia Distribution Derived from VLA Maps at 3--37 GHz
• Madam - a map-making method for CMB experiments
• Making CMB temperature and polarization maps with Madam
• Polarized galactic synchrotron and dust emission and their correlation
• Characterization of foreground emission at degree angular scale for CMB B-modes observations. Thermal Dust and Synchrotron signal from Planck and WMAP data
• The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS): Design and capabilities
• The Galactic Faraday depth sky revisited
• Radio source calibration for the VSA and other CMB instruments at around 30 GHz
• The large scale polarization explorer (LSPE) for CMB measurements: performance forecast
• The Quijote CMB Experiment
• Quantum Suppression of Alignment in Ultrasmall Grains: Microwave Emission from Spinning Dust will be Negligibly Polarized
• On the Presence of Thermal SZ Induced Signal in the First Year WMAP Temperature Maps
• Planck intermediate results. LII. Planet flux densities
• Forecasting Polarized Radio Sources for CMB observations
• Detection of Spectral Variations of Anomalous Microwave Emission with QUIJOTE and C-BASS
• Constraints on the spectral index of polarized synchrotron emission from WMAP and Faraday-corrected S-PASS data
• Characterization of the polarized synchrotron emission from Planck and WMAP data
• Observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background and Galactic Foregrounds at 12-17 GHz with the COSMOSOMAS Experiment
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- VIII. Diffuse polarized foregrounds from component separation with QUIJOTE-MFI
• The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS): Template Fitting of Diffuse Galactic Microwave Emission in the Northern Sky
• Polarized Synchrotron Foreground Assessment for CMB Experiments
• QUIJOTE Scientific results. III. Microwave spectrum of intensity and polarization in the Taurus molecular cloud Complex and L1527
• ECLIPSE: a fast Quadratic Maximum Likelihood estimator for CMB intensity and polarization power spectra
• QUIJOTE Scientific Results -- VII. Galactic AME sources in the QUIJOTE-MFI Northern Hemisphere Wide-Survey
• A Wideband Self-Consistent Disk-Averaged Spectrum of Jupiter Near 30 GHz and Its Implications for NH${}_3$ Saturation in the Upper Troposphere
• Testing for spectral index variations in polarised CMB foregrounds
• The PICASSO map-making code: application to a simulation of the QUIJOTE northern sky survey
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- V. The microwave intensity and polarisation spectra of the Galactic regions W49, W51 and IC443
• Venus Observations at 40 and 90 GHz with CLASS
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- VI. The Haze as seen by QUIJOTE
• Characterization of Extragalactic Point-Sources on E- and B-mode Maps of the CMB Polarization
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- IX. Radio sources in the QUIJOTE-MFI wide survey maps

Cited by in corpus (31)

• Cosmoglobe DR1 results. II. Constraints on isotropic cosmic birefringence from reprocessed WMAP and Planck LFI data
• Discovery prospects with the Dark-photons & Axion-Like particles Interferometer
• Full-sky Models of Galactic Microwave Emission and Polarization at Sub-arcminute Scales for the Python Sky Model
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- VIII. Diffuse polarized foregrounds from component separation with QUIJOTE-MFI
• A magnetised Galactic halo from inner Galaxy outflows
• Cosmoglobe DR1 results. I. Improved Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe maps through Bayesian end-to-end analysis
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- X. Spatial variations of Anomalous Microwave Emission along the Galactic plane
• Modeling parity-violating spectra in Galactic dust polarization with filaments and its applications to cosmic birefringence searches
• QUIJOTE Scientific Results -- VII. Galactic AME sources in the QUIJOTE-MFI Northern Hemisphere Wide-Survey
• QUIJOTE Scientific Results -- XVII. Studying the Anomalous Microwave Emission in the Andromeda Galaxy with QUIJOTE-MFI
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- V. The microwave intensity and polarisation spectra of the Galactic regions W49, W51 and IC443
• How bad could it be? Modelling the 3D complexity of the polarised dust signal using moment expansion
• The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS): New Constraints on the Integrated Radio Spectrum of M 31
• A forecast of the sensitivity of the DALI Experiment to Galactic axion dark matter
• Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS): 90 GHz Telescope Pointing, Beam Profile, Window Function, and Polarization Performance
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- VI. The Haze as seen by QUIJOTE
• DALI sensitivity to streaming axion dark matter
• KISS: instrument description and performance
• Cosmoglobe DR1. III. First full-sky model of polarized synchrotron emission from all WMAP and Planck LFI data
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- XVIII. New constraints on the polarization of the Anomalous Microwave Emission in bright Galactic regions: $\rho$\,Ophiuchi, Perseus and W43
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- IX. Radio sources in the QUIJOTE-MFI wide survey maps
• Deep Needlet: A CNN based full sky component separation method in Needlet space
• Statistical properties of Galactic synchrotron temperature and polarization maps -- a multi-frequency comparison
• On beam characterization of ground-based CMB radio telescopes using UAV-mounted sources: application to the QUIJOTE TFGI and plans for LSPE-Strip
• The LSPE-Strip Pointing Reconstruction and Star Tracker
• Non-parametric Bayesian reconstruction of Galactic magnetic fields using Information Field Theory: The inclusion of line-of-sight information in ultra-high energy cosmic ray backtracking
• Microwave Observations of Venus with CLASS
• High-Efficiency and Low-Noise Detectors for the Upgraded CLASS 90 GHz Focal Plane
• QUIJOTE-TFGI polarization calibration -- Ground characterization and on-sky validation with Tau A and the Moon
• B-mode polarization forecasts for GreenPol
• The Radio and Microwave Sky as Seen by Juno on its Mission to Jupiter