Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Planets and Celestial Calibration Sources

Abstract

(Abridged) We present WMAP seven-year observations of bright sources which are often used as calibrators at microwave frequencies. Ten objects are studied in five frequency bands (23 - 94 GHz): the outer planets (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune) and five fixed celestial sources (Cas A, Tau A, Cyg A, 3C274 and 3C58). The seven-year analysis of Jupiter provides temperatures which are within 1-sigma of the previously published WMAP five-year values, with slightly tighter constraints on variability with orbital phase, and limits (but no detections) on linear polarization. Scaling factors are provided which, when multiplied by the Wright Mars thermal model predictions at 350 micron, reproduce WMAP seasonally averaged observations of Mars within ~2%. An empirical model is described which fits brightness variations of Saturn due to geometrical effects and can be used to predict the WMAP observations to within 3%. Seven-year mean temperatures for Uranus and Neptune are also tabulated. Uncertainties in Uranus temperatures are 3%-4% in the 41, 61 and 94 GHz bands; the smallest uncertainty for Neptune is ~8% for the 94 GHz band. Intriguingly, the spectrum of Uranus appears to show a dip at ~30 GHz of unidentified origin, although the feature is not of high statistical significance. Flux densities for the five selected fixed celestial sources are derived from the seven-year WMAP sky maps, and are tabulated for Stokes I, Q and U, along with polarization fraction and position angle. Fractional uncertainties for the Stokes I fluxes are typically 1% to 3%. Source variability over the seven-year baseline is also estimated. Significant secular decrease is seen for Cas A and Tau A: our results are consistent with a frequency independent decrease of about 0.53% per year for Cas A and 0.22% per year for Tau A.

72 pages, 21 figures; accepted to ApJS; (v2) corrected Mars model scaling factors, added figure 21, added text to Mars, Saturn and celestial sources sections

References in corpus (18)

• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
• Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Data Processing, Sky Maps, and Basic Results
• Three Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Polarization Analysis
• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Power Spectra and WMAP-Derived Parameters
• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Sky Maps, Systematic Errors, and Basic Results
• Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Temperature Analysis
• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Are There Cosmic Microwave Background Anomalies?
• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Galactic Foreground Emission
• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Planets and Celestial Calibration Sources
• Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Beam Profiles, Data Processing, Radiometer Characterization and Systematic Error Limits
• The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Source Catalog
• Submillimetre point sources from the Archeops experiment: Very Cold Clumps in the Galactic Plane
• Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)Observations: Beam Maps and Window Functions
• Measurement of the Crab nebula polarization at 90 GHz as a calibrator for CMB experiments
• The Infrared Detection of the Pulsar Wind Nebula in the Galactic Supernova Remnant 3C 58
• Long-term observations of Uranus and Neptune at 90 GHz with the IRAM 30m telescope - (1985 -- 2005)
• Infrared Brightness Temperature of Mars, 1983-2103
• Pinpointing the TeV gamma-ray emission region in M87 using TeV and 43 GHz radio monitoring

Cited by in corpus (138)

• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
• Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Final Maps and Results
• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Power Spectra and WMAP-Derived Parameters
• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Sky Maps, Systematic Errors, and Basic Results
• Primordial Non-Gaussianities from Inflation Models
• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Are There Cosmic Microwave Background Anomalies?
• An Accurate Flux Density Scale from 1 to 50 GHz
• A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background B-Mode Polarization Power Spectrum at Sub-Degree Scales with POLARBEAR
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Power Spectra at 98 and 150 GHz
• ACTPol: A polarization-sensitive receiver for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope
• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Planets and Celestial Calibration Sources
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: CMB Polarization at $200<\ell <9000$
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Power Spectrum at 148 and 218 GHz from the 2008 Southern Survey
• Planck 2015 results. XXVI. The Second Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources
• Integrated Polarization Properties of 3C48, 3C138, 3C147, and 3C286
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the 600< ell <8000 Cosmic Microwave Background Power Spectrum at 148 GHz
• A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background $B$-Mode Polarization Power Spectrum at Sub-Degree Scales from 2 years of POLARBEAR Data
• MUSTANG High Angular Resolution Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Imaging of Sub-Structure in Four Galaxy Clusters
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Physical Properties and Purity of a Galaxy Cluster Sample Selected via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect
• Planck 2013 results. VII. HFI time response and beams
• A Measurement of the Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Signal Toward MACS J0717.5+3745
• Scientific rationale for Uranus and Neptune in situ explorations
• First Season QUIET Observations: Measurements of CMB Polarization Power Spectra at 43 GHz in the Multipole Range 25 <= ell <= 475
• Second Season QUIET Observations: Measurements of the CMB Polarization Power Spectrum at 95 GHz
• Planck 2015 results. V. LFI calibration
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Extragalactic Sources at 148 GHz in the 2008 Survey
• Detection of isotropic cosmic birefringence and its implications for axion-like particles including dark energy
• Planck 2013 results. V. LFI calibration
• Measurements of the Intensity and Polarization of the Anomalous Microwave Emission in the Perseus molecular complex with QUIJOTE
• Results from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei in the Southern Survey
• QUIJOTE Scientific Results. II. Polarisation Measurements of the Microwave Emission in the Galactic molecular complexes W43 and W47 and supernova remnant W44
• The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey. X. A Complete Spectroscopic Catalog of Dense Molecular Gas Observed toward 1.1 mm Dust Continuum Sources with 7.5 <= l <= 194 degrees
• Properties of Young Pulsar Wind Nebulae: TeV Detectability and Their Pulsar Properties
• Jupiter's Ammonia Distribution Derived from VLA Maps at 3--37 GHz
• The QUIET Instrument
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Beam Measurements and the Microwave Brightness Temperatures of Uranus and Saturn
• Galaxy Cluster Scaling Relations between Bolocam Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect and Chandra X-ray Measurements
• Thermochemistry and vertical mixing in the tropospheres of Uranus and Neptune: How convection inhibition can affect the derivation of deep oxygen abundances
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- IV. A northern sky survey in intensity and polarization at 10-20GHz with the Multi-Frequency Instrument
• Results from the Atacama B-mode Search (ABS) Experiment
• Evidence for Large Grains in the Star-forming Filament OMC-2/3
• Jupiter Science Enabled by ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
• The dust content of the Crab Nebula
• Warm-Intermediate inflationary universe model in braneworld cosmologies
• Absolute calibration of the polarisation angle for future CMB $B$-mode experiments from current and future measurements of the Crab nebula
• Precision Tests of Parity Violation Over Cosmological Distances
• POLOCALC: a Novel Method to Measure the Absolute Polarization Orientation of the Cosmic Microwave Background
• Four-year Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Observations: On-sky Receiver Performance at 40, 90, 150, and 220 GHz Frequency Bands
• The spectra of jet bases in FR I radio galaxies: implications for particle acceleration
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Calibration with WMAP Using Cross-Correlations
• Tachyon Warm-Intermediate Inflationary Universe Model in High Dissipative Regime
• Fire in the Heart: A Characterization of the High Kinetic Temperatures and Heating Sources in the Nucleus of NGC253
• A CubeSat for Calibrating Ground-Based and Sub-Orbital Millimeter-Wave Polarimeters (CalSat)
• Absolute Calibration of the Radio Astronomy Flux Density Scale at 22 to 43 GHz Using Planck
• Planck intermediate results. LII. Planet flux densities
• Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometry and second-order correlations of inflaton quanta
• C-Band All-Sky Survey: A First Look at the Galaxy
• Fermi LAT and WMAP observations of the supernova remnant HB 21
• Galaxy Cluster Pressure Profiles as Determined by Sunyaev Zel'dovich Effect Observations with MUSTANG and Bolocam II: Joint Analysis of Fourteen Clusters
• Magnetic Deflections of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays from Centaurus A
• Planck intermediate results. XXXI. Microwave survey of Galactic supernova remnants
• The Simons Observatory: Galactic Science Goals and Forecasts
• CO observations of high-z radio galaxies MRC 2104-242 and MRC 0943-242: spectral-line performance of the Compact Array Broadband Backend
• Isotropy analyses of the Planck convergence map
• Secondary graviton spectra and waterfall-like fields
• Two-year Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Observations: 40 GHz Telescope Pointing, Beam Profile, Window Function, and Polarization Performance
• NIKA 150 GHz polarization observations of the Crab nebula and its spectral energy distribution
• Fluctuations of inflationary magnetogenesis
• On-sky performance of the CLASS Q-band telescope
• Galaxy Cluster Pressure Profiles as Determined by Sunyaev Zel'dovich Effect Observations with MUSTANG and Bolocam I: Joint Analysis Technique
• Searching for dark-matter waves with PPTA and QUIJOTE pulsar polarimetry
• The variability of the Crab Nebula in radio: No radio counterpart to gamma-ray flares
• Inflationary susceptibilities, duality and large-scale magnetic fields generation
• COMAP Early Science: VI. A First Look at the COMAP Galactic Plane Survey
• Broadband Photon Spectrum and its Radial Profile of Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• 143 GHz brightness measurements of Uranus, Neptune, and other secondary calibrators with Bolocam between 2003 and 2010
• The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS): Template Fitting of Diffuse Galactic Microwave Emission in the Northern Sky
• Cosmoglobe DR1 results. I. Improved Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe maps through Bayesian end-to-end analysis
• The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS): Constraining diffuse Galactic radio emission in the North Celestial Pole region
• Outflow and Emission Model of Pulsar Wind Nebulae with the Back-reaction of Particle Diffusion
• Calibration Method and Uncertainty for the Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE)
• Phenomenological modelling of the Crab Nebula's broad band energy spectrum and its apparent extension
• Astrophysical searches for a hidden-photon signal in the radio regime
• Full-sky beam convolution for cosmic microwave background applications
• The Radio - 2 mm Spectral Index of the Crab Nebula Measured with GISMO
• Detailed study of the microwave emission of the supernova remnant 3C 396
• Reynolds numbers in the early Universe
• The Simons Observatory: A fully remote controlled calibration system with a sparse wire grid for cosmic microwave background telescopes
• The APEX Large CO Heterodyne Orion Legacy Survey (ALCOHOLS). I. Survey overview
• QUIJOTE Scientific results. III. Microwave spectrum of intensity and polarization in the Taurus molecular cloud Complex and L1527
• Galaxy cluster scaling relations measured with APEX-SZ
• Translators of galaxy morphology indicators between observation and simulation
• Measurements of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in MACS J0647.7+7015 and MACS J1206.2-0847 at High Angular Resolution with MUSTANG
• A Wideband Self-Consistent Disk-Averaged Spectrum of Jupiter Near 30 GHz and Its Implications for NH${}_3$ Saturation in the Upper Troposphere
• No-hair conjectures, primordial shear and protoinflationary initial conditions
• The symmetries of inflationary magnetogenesis and the plasma initial conditions
• CARMA follow-up of the northern unconfirmed PLANCK galaxy cluster candidates
• Big Bounce Genesis and Possible Experimental Tests -- A Brief Review
• Exploration of the polarization angle variability of the Crab Nebula with POLARBEAR and its application to the search for axion-like particles
• Gradient expansion, curvature perturbations and magnetized plasmas
• QUIJOTE Scientific Results -- XVII. Studying the Anomalous Microwave Emission in the Andromeda Galaxy with QUIJOTE-MFI
• Compressible hydromagnetic nonlinearities in the predecoupling plasma
• The effect of systematics on polarized spectral indices
• Bootstrapping from inflationary magnetogenesis to CMB initial conditions
• Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS): 90 GHz Telescope Pointing, Beam Profile, Window Function, and Polarization Performance
• The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS): New Constraints on the Integrated Radio Spectrum of M 31
• Confirming ALMA Calibration using Planck and ACT Observations
• Exploiting Morphological Data from Pulsar Wind Nebulae via a Spatio-Temporal Leptonic Transport Code
• In situ Performance of the Low Frequency Arrayfor Advanced ACTPol
• Development of Calibration Strategies for the Simons Observatory
• Statistical anisotropy from inflationary magnetogenesis
• Revised planet brightness temperatures using the Planck/LFI 2018 data release
• Venus Observations at 40 and 90 GHz with CLASS
• Modern Cosmology: Interactive Computer Simulations that use Recent Observational Surveys
• The Simons Observatory: Beam characterization for the Small Aperture Telescopes
• Fluid phonons and inflaton quanta at the protoinflationary transition
• Testing the WMAP cosmology via Planck radio catalogues
• Growth rate of matter perturbations as a probe of large-scale magnetism
• PROTOCALC, A W-band polarized calibrator for CMB Telescopes: application to Simons Observatory and CLASS
• Using the Crab Nebula as a high precision calibrator for Cosmic Microwave Background polarimeters
• A new look at the integrated radio/microwave continuum spectrum of Galactic supernova remnant IC443
• Primordial vorticity and gradient expansion
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- XVIII. New constraints on the polarization of the Anomalous Microwave Emission in bright Galactic regions: $\rho$\,Ophiuchi, Perseus and W43
• Age Estimates of Universe: from Globular Clusters to Cosmological Models and Probes
• On-sky performance of new 90 GHz detectors for the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS)
• The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS): Total intensity point-source detection over the northern sky
• Secondary graviton spectra, second-order correlations and Bose-Einstein enhancement
• Microwave Observations of Venus with CLASS
• The LSPE-Strip Pointing Reconstruction and Star Tracker
• AMiBA: Cluster Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Observations with the Expanded 13-Element Array
• On the Stability of Fermionic Non-Isothermal Dark Matter Halos
• The Crab Nebula as a Calibrator for wide-beam Cosmic Microwave Background polarization surveys
• The Relativity of Existence
• QUIJOTE-TFGI polarization calibration -- Ground characterization and on-sky validation with Tau A and the Moon
• High frequency radio SEDs and polarization fractions of sources in an ACT survey field
• Count response model for the CMB spots
• Physical Relativism as an Interpretation of Existence