A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background $B$-Mode Polarization Power Spectrum at Sub-Degree Scales from 2 years of POLARBEAR Data

Abstract

We report an improved measurement of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) $B$-mode polarization power spectrum with the POLARBEAR experiment at 150 GHz. By adding new data collected during the second season of observations (2013-2014) to re-analyzed data from the first season (2012-2013), we have reduced twofold the band-power uncertainties. The band powers are reported over angular multipoles $500\le \ell \le 2100$, where the dominant $B$-mode signal is expected to be due to the gravitational lensing of $E$-modes. We reject the null hypothesis of no $B$-mode polarization at a confidence of 3.1$\sigma$ including both statistical and systematic uncertainties. We test the consistency of the measured $B$-modes with the $\Lambda$ Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) framework by fitting for a single lensing amplitude parameter $A_L$ relative to the Planck best-fit model prediction. We obtain $A_L=0.60_{-0.24}^{+0.26}(\mathrm{stat}{)}_{-0.04}^{+0.00}(\mathrm{inst})\pm 0.14(\mathrm{foreground})\pm 0.04(\mathrm{multi})$, where $A_L=1$ is the fiducial $\Lambda$CDM value, and the details of the reported uncertainties are explained later in the manuscript.

arXiv comment16 pages, 10 figures. Minor changes to match the published version. For data and figures, see http://bolo.berkeley.edu/polarbear/data/polarbear_BB_2017/

References in corpus (37)

• HEALPix -- a Framework for High Resolution Discretization, and Fast Analysis of Data Distributed on the Sphere
• Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Final Maps and Results
• Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results
• BICEP2 I: Detection Of B-mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales
• A Joint Analysis of BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck Data
• MASTER of the CMB Anisotropy Power Spectrum: A Fast Method for Statistical Analysis of Large and Complex CMB Data Sets
• BICEP2 / Keck Array VI: Improved Constraints On Cosmology and Foregrounds When Adding 95 GHz Data From Keck Array
• The Australia Telescope 20 GHz Survey: The Source Catalogue
• A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background B-Mode Polarization Power Spectrum at Sub-Degree Scales with POLARBEAR
• Planck 2015 results. IX. Diffuse component separation: CMB maps
• Predictions for high-frequency radio surveys of extragalactic sources
• Radical Compression of Cosmic Microwave Background Data
• A measurement of secondary cosmic microwave background anisotropies from the 2500-square-degree SPT-SZ survey
• Planck intermediate results. XXX. The angular power spectrum of polarized dust emission at intermediate and high Galactic latitudes
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Two-Season ACTPol Spectra and Parameters
• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Planets and Celestial Calibration Sources
• Planck intermediate results. XXII. Frequency dependence of thermal emission from Galactic dust in intensity and polarization
• Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Lensing Power Spectrum with the POLARBEAR experiment
• The POLARBEAR-2 and the Simons Array Experiment
• Measurements of Sub-degree B-mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background from 100 Square Degrees of SPTpol Data
• Self-Calibration of CMB Polarization Experiments
• Pseudo-$C_{\ell }$ estimators which do not mix E and B modes
• BICEP2 / Keck Array V: Measurements of B-mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales and 150 GHz by the Keck Array
• The POLARBEAR Experiment
• Second Season QUIET Observations: Measurements of the CMB Polarization Power Spectrum at 95 GHz
• Polarized CMB power spectrum estimation using the pure pseudo-cross-spectrum approach
• Measurement of the Crab nebula polarization at 90 GHz as a calibrator for CMB experiments
• Spatial variations in the spectral index of polarized synchrotron emission in the 9 yr WMAP sky maps
• Performance of a continuously rotating half-wave plate on the POLARBEAR telescope
• Characterization of foreground emission at degree angular scale for CMB B-modes observations. Thermal Dust and Synchrotron signal from Planck and WMAP data
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Beam Measurements and the Microwave Brightness Temperatures of Uranus and Saturn
• The bolometric focal plane array of the Polarbear CMB experiment
• POLARBEAR-2: an instrument for CMB polarization measurements
• Statistics of the fractional polarisation of compact radio sources in Planck maps
• Efficiency of pseudo-spectrum methods for estimation of Cosmic Microwave Background B-mode power spectrum
• CMB EB and TB cross-spectrum estimation via pseudo-spectrum techniques
• Making maps of Cosmic Microwave Background polarization for B-mode studies: the POLARBEAR example

Cited by in corpus (72)

• Planck 2018 results. I. Overview and the cosmological legacy of Planck
• The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts
• BICEP / Keck XIII: Improved Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves using Planck, WMAP, and BICEP/Keck Observations through the 2018 Observing Season
• BICEP2 / Keck Array x: Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves using Planck, WMAP, and New BICEP2/Keck Observations through the 2015 Season
• A unified pseudo-$C_{\ell }$ framework
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Power Spectra at 98 and 150 GHz
• Planck constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio
• LiteBIRD: JAXA's new strategic L-class mission for all-sky surveys of cosmic microwave background polarization
• Measurements of B-mode Polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background from 500 Square Degrees of SPTpol Data
• The S-PASS view of polarized Galactic Synchrotron at 2.3 GHz as a contaminant to CMB observations
• Measuring the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves with CMB, PTA and Laser Interferometers
• Updated constraints on amplitude and tilt of the tensor primordial spectrum
• Gravitational wave forest from string axiverse
• DeepCMB: Lensing Reconstruction of the Cosmic Microwave Background with Deep Neural Networks
• A Measurement of the Degree Scale CMB B-mode Angular Power Spectrum with POLARBEAR
• CMB lensing reconstruction biases in cross-correlation with large-scale structure probes
• Lensing Reconstruction in Post-Born Cosmic Microwave Background Weak Lensing
• A Demonstration of Improved Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves with Delensing
• Year two instrument status of the SPT-3G cosmic microwave background receiver
• Four-year Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Observations: On-sky Receiver Performance at 40, 90, 150, and 220 GHz Frequency Bands
• Internal delensing of Cosmic Microwave Background polarization B-modes with the POLARBEAR experiment
• Performance forecasts for the primordial gravitational wave detection pipelines for AliCPT-1
• A measurement of the CMB E-mode angular power spectrum at subdegree scales from 670 square degrees of POLARBEAR data
• Redshift evolution of cosmic birefringence in CMB anisotropies
• Characterizing bias on large scale CMB $B$-modes after galactic foregrounds cleaning
• Beating the Lyth bound by parametric resonance during inflation
• Forecasting Polarized Radio Sources for CMB observations
• CMB Constraints on the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background at Mpc scales
• Likelihood methods for CMB experiments
• Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Lensing Power Spectrum from Two Years of POLARBEAR Data
• Two-year Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Observations: 40 GHz Telescope Pointing, Beam Profile, Window Function, and Polarization Performance
• Evidence for the Cross-correlation between Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Lensing from POLARBEAR and Cosmic Shear from Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam
• Multi-Clustering Needlet-ILC for CMB B-modes component separation
• Generation of circular polarization in CMB radiation via nonlinear photon-photon interaction
• Comparison of delensing methodologies and assessment of the delensing capabilities of future experiments
• Optimal filtering for CMB lensing reconstruction
• Principal component analysis of the primordial tensor power spectrum
• Inpainting Galactic Foreground Intensity and Polarization maps using Convolutional Neural Network
• Measurements of tropospheric ice clouds with a ground-based CMB polarization experiment, POLARBEAR
• BoloCalc: a sensitivity calculator for the design of Simons Observatory
• Constraints on axion-like polarization oscillations in the cosmic microwave background with POLARBEAR
• Wiener filtering and pure E/B decomposition of CMB maps with anisotropic correlated noise
• Instrumental systematics biases in CMB lensing reconstruction: a simulation-based assessment
• Foreground model recognition through Neural Networks for CMB B-mode observations
• Studies of Systematic Uncertainties for Simons Observatory: Detector Array Effects
• No Slip CMB
• Improved Galactic Foreground Removal for B-Modes Detection with Clustering Methods
• Revised estimates of CMB $B$-mode polarization induced by patchy reionization
• A numerical study of observational systematic errors in lensing analysis of CMB polarization
• Analysis of NILC performance on B-modes data of sub-orbital experiments
• The POLARBEAR Fourier Transform Spectrometer Calibrator and Spectroscopic Characterization of the POLARBEAR Instrument
• Impact of Anisotropic Birefringence on Measuring Cosmic Microwave Background Lensing
• QUIJOTE Scientific Results -- VII. Galactic AME sources in the QUIJOTE-MFI Northern Hemisphere Wide-Survey
• Precipitable water vapour measurement using GNSS data in the Atacama Desert for millimetre and submillimetre astronomical observations
• Polarization of the Cosmic Infrared Background Fluctuations
• Iterative map-making with two-level preconditioning for polarized Cosmic Microwave Background data sets
• The QUIJOTE Experiment: Prospects for CMB B-MODE polarization detection and foregrounds characterization
• Cross-correlation of POLARBEAR CMB Polarization Lensing with High-$z$ Sub-mm Herschel-ATLAS galaxies
• Studies of Systematic Uncertainties for Simons Observatory: Optical Effects and Sensitivity Considerations
• Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS): 90 GHz Telescope Pointing, Beam Profile, Window Function, and Polarization Performance
• Simulating instrumental systematics of Cosmic Microwave Background experiments with s4cmb
• Development of Calibration Strategies for the Simons Observatory
• Relic Cosmological Vector Fields and Inflationary Gravitational Waves
• Controlling systematics in ground-based CMB surveys with partial boresight rotation
• Synthetic Gravitational Waves from a Rolling Axion Monodromy
• Bandpass mismatch error for satellite CMB experiments II: Correcting for the spurious signal
• Impact of a primordial magnetic field on cosmic microwave background $B$ modes with weak lensing
• The Simons Observatory: Validation of reconstructed power spectra from simulated filtered maps for the Small Aperture Telescope survey
• Revisiting the Chern-Simons interaction during inflation with a non-canonical pseudo-scalar
• Cosmology with the Roman Space Telescope -- Synergies with CMB lensing
• Systematic effects on lensing reconstruction from a patchwork of CMB polarization maps
• Optimal map-making with singularities