QUIJOTE Scientific Results -- XVII. Studying the Anomalous Microwave Emission in the Andromeda Galaxy with QUIJOTE-MFI

Abstract

The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is the Local Group galaxy that is most similar to the Milky Way (MW). The similarities between the two galaxies make M31 useful for studying integrated properties common to spiral galaxies. We use the data from the recent QUIJOTE-MFI Wide Survey, together with new raster observations focused on M31, to study its integrated emission. The addition of raster data improves the sensitivity of QUIJOTE-MFI maps by almost a factor 3. Our main interest is to confirm if anomalous microwave emission (AME) is present in M31, as previous studies have suggested. To do so, we built the integrated spectral energy distribution of M31 between 0.408 and 3000 GHz. We then performed a component separation analysis taking into account synchrotron, free-free, AME and thermal dust components. AME in M31 is modelled as a log-normal distribution with maximum amplitude, $A_{\mathrm{AME}}$, equal to $1.03\pm 0.32$ Jy. It peaks at ${\nu }_{\mathrm{AME}}=17.2\pm 3.2$ GHz with a width of $W_{\mathrm{AME}}=0.58\pm 0.16$. Both the Akaike and Bayesian Information Criteria find the model without AME to be less than 1 % as probable as the one taking AME into consideration. We find that the AME emissivity per 100 $\mu$m intensity in M31 is ${\epsilon }_{\mathrm{AME}}^{28.4\mathrm{GHz}}=9.6\pm 3.1$ $\mu$K/(MJy/sr), similar to that computed for the MW. We also provide the first upper limits for the AME polarization fraction in an extragalactic object. M31 remains the only galaxy where an AME measurement has been made of its integrated spectrum.

17 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. QUIJOTE data maps available at https://research.iac.es/proyecto/quijote

References in corpus (22)

• Array Programming with NumPy
• CRATES: An All-Sky Survey of Flat-Spectrum Radio Sources
• Placing Confidence Limits on Polarization Measurements
• A refined model for spinning dust radiation
• Modeling the Anomalous Microwave Emission with Spinning Nanoparticles: No PAHs Required
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- IV. A northern sky survey in intensity and polarization at 10-20GHz with the Multi-Frequency Instrument
• Characterizing Extragalactic Anomalous Microwave Emission in NGC 6946 with CARMA
• Strong evidence of Anomalous Microwave Emission from the flux density spectrum of M31
• Detection of Spectral Variations of Anomalous Microwave Emission with QUIJOTE and C-BASS
• On the Limitations of the Anomalous Microwave Emission Emissivity
• The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS): Template Fitting of Diffuse Galactic Microwave Emission in the Northern Sky
• QUIJOTE Scientific results. III. Microwave spectrum of intensity and polarization in the Taurus molecular cloud Complex and L1527
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- X. Spatial variations of Anomalous Microwave Emission along the Galactic plane
• BeyondPlanck XVI. Limits on Large-Scale Polarized Anomalous Microwave Emission from Planck LFI and WMAP
• Study of the thermal and nonthermal emission components in M31: the Sardinia Radio Telescope view at 6.6 GHz
• QUIJOTE Scientific Results -- VII. Galactic AME sources in the QUIJOTE-MFI Northern Hemisphere Wide-Survey
• Searching for Anomalous Microwave Emission in nearby galaxies. K-band observations with the Sardinia Radio Telescope
• The PICASSO map-making code: application to a simulation of the QUIJOTE northern sky survey
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- V. The microwave intensity and polarisation spectra of the Galactic regions W49, W51 and IC443
• Fastcc: fast colour corrections for broadband radio telescope data
• The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS): New Constraints on the Integrated Radio Spectrum of M 31
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- VI. The Haze as seen by QUIJOTE

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Millimeter emission from supermassive black hole coronae
• Magnetic fields and cosmic rays in M31. II. Strength and distribution of the magnetic field components
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- XVIII. New constraints on the polarization of the Anomalous Microwave Emission in bright Galactic regions: $\rho$\,Ophiuchi, Perseus and W43
• Radio-to-Submillimetre Spectral Energy Distributions of NGC 1365
• Far-infrared to centimeter emission of very nearby galaxies with archival data