A warm Jupiter-sized planet transiting the pre-main sequence star V1298 Tau

Abstract

We report the detection of V1298 Tau b, a warm Jupiter-sized planet ($R_P$ = 0.91 $\pm$ 0.05~ $R_{\mathrm{Jup}}$, $P=24.1$ days) transiting a young solar analog with an estimated age of 23 million years. The star and its planet belong to Group 29, a young association in the foreground of the Taurus-Auriga star-forming region. While hot Jupiters have been previously reported around young stars, those planets are non-transiting and near-term atmospheric characterization is not feasible. The V1298 Tau system is a compelling target for follow-up study through transmission spectroscopy and Doppler tomography owing to the transit depth (0.5\%), host star brightness ($K_s$ = 8.1 mag), and rapid stellar rotation ($v\sin i$ = 23 \kms). Although the planet is Jupiter-sized, its mass is presently unknown due to high-amplitude radial velocity jitter. Nevertheless, V1298 Tau b may help constrain formation scenarios for at least one class of close-in exoplanets, providing a window into the nascent evolution of planetary interiors and atmospheres.

arXiv commentAccepted to AJ

References in corpus (127)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
• The Galaxy Evolution Explorer: A Space Ultraviolet Survey Mission
• Intrinsic Colors, Temperatures, and Bolometric Corrections of Pre-Main Sequence Stars
• Analytic Lightcurves for Planetary Transit Searches
• The Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database
• The K2 Mission: Characterization and Early results
• Evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. The case of HD 20945
• New evolutionary models for pre-main sequence and main sequence low-mass stars down to the hydrogen-burning limit
• The California-Kepler Survey. III. A Gap in the Radius Distribution of Small Planets
• A Non-Gray Theory of Extrasolar Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs
• Improved Age Estimation for Solar-Type Dwarfs Using Activity-Rotation Diagnostics
• Kepler Presearch Data Conditioning II - A Bayesian Approach to Systematic Error Correction
• Planetary Radii across Five Orders of Magnitude in Mass and Stellar Insolation: Application to Transits
• Efficient, uninformative sampling of limb darkening coefficients for two-parameter laws
• The NASA Exoplanet Archive: Data and Tools for Exoplanet Research
• The stellar activity-rotation relationship and the evolution of stellar dynamos
• Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars
• Kepler Presearch Data Conditioning I - Architecture and Algorithms for Error Correction in Kepler Light Curves
• Kepler planets: a tale of evaporation
• Planet-disk interaction and orbital evolution
• Radial Velocities for 889 Late-type Stars
• The Occurrence and Mass Distribution of Close-in Super-Earths, Neptunes, and Jupiters
• Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy of the Exoplanets HD209458b and XO-1b Using the Wide Field Camera-3 on the Hubble Space Telescope
• RadVel: The Radial Velocity Modeling Toolkit
• The California Kepler Survey VII. Precise Planet Radii Leveraging Gaia DR2 Reveal the Stellar Mass Dependence of the Planet Radius Gap
• BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN $\Sigma$ multivariate Bayesian algorithm to identify members of young associations within 150 pc
• The Role of Core Mass in Controlling Evaporation: the Kepler Radius Distribution and the Kepler-36 Density Dichotomy
• Core-powered mass loss and the radius distribution of small exoplanets
• On the Luminosity of Young Jupiters
• Second ROSAT all-sky survey (2RXS) source catalogue
• Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler. VIII. A Fully Automated Catalog With Measured Completeness and Reliability Based on Data Release 25
• The California Planet Survey I. Four New Giant Exoplanets
• Sculpting the Valley in the Radius Distribution of Small Exoplanets as a by-product of Planet Formation: The Core-Powered Mass-Loss Mechanism
• Spectral and Photometric Diagnostics of Giant Planet Formation Scenarios
• Migration and the formation of systems of hot super-Earths and Neptunes
• Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets
• Empirical extinction coefficients for the GALEX, SDSS, 2MASS and WISE passbands
• Planetary population synthesis coupled with atmospheric escape: a statistical view of evaporation
• The Interior Structure, Composition, and Evolution of Giant Planets
• Bayesian analysis to identify new star candidates in nearby young stellar kinematic groups
• STARRY: Analytic Occultation Light Curves
• 3D maps of the local ISM from inversion of individual color excess measurements
• The California-Kepler Survey V. Peas in a Pod: Planets in a Kepler Multi-planet System are Similar in Size and Regularly Spaced
• Magnetic Inhibition of Convection and the Fundamental Properties of Low-Mass Stars. III. A Consistent 10 Myr Age for the Upper Scorpius OB Association
• Parametrizing the exoplanet eccentricity distribution with the Beta distribution
• Understanding The Effects Of Stellar Multiplicity On The Derived Planet Radii From Transit Surveys: Implications for Kepler, K2, and TESS
• Migration then assembly: Formation of Neptune mass planets inside 1 AU
• Breeding Super-Earths and Birthing Super-Puffs in Transitional Disks
• Characterization of exoplanets from their formation II: The planetary mass-radius relationship
• SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates XVII. The physical properties of giant exoplanets within 400 days of period
• Make Super-Earths, Not Jupiters: Accreting Nebular Gas onto Solid Cores at 0.1 AU and Beyond
• In Situ Formation and Dynamical Evolution of Hot Jupiter Systems
• Three-dimensional mapping of the local interstellar medium with composite data
• The Kepler Follow-Up Observation Program. I. A Catalog of Companions to Kepler Stars from High-Resolution Imaging
• PyTransit: Fast and Easy Exoplanet Transit Modelling in Python
• A lithium depletion boundary age of 21 Myr for the Beta Pictoris moving group
• Toward a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation VI: Dynamical Interaction and Coagulation of Multiple Rocky Embryos and Super-Earth Systems around Solar Type Stars
• Evolutionary Analysis of Gaseous Sub-Neptune-Mass Planets with MESA
• Rotation in the Pleiades with K2: I. Data and First Results
• 197 Candidates and 104 Validated Planets in K2's First Five Fields
• Atmospheric Mass Loss During Planet Formation: The Importance of Planetesimal Impacts
• Warm Jupiters are less lonely than hot Jupiters: close neighbours
• A Stellar Census of the Tucana-Horologium Moving Group
• K2SC: Flexible systematics correction and detrending of K2 light curves using Gaussian Process regression
• A Neptune-sized transiting planet closely orbiting a 5-10-million-year-old star
• Statistical properties of exoplanets. I. The period distribution: constraints for the migration scenario
• Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT) III: A short-period planet orbiting a pre-main-sequence star in the Upper Scorpius OB Association
• Close Companions to Young Stars. I. A Large Spectroscopic Survey in Chamaeleon I and Taurus-Auriga
• The Updated Multiple Star Catalog
• Lithium Depletion of Nearby Young Stellar Associations
• Zodiacal Exoplanets In Time (ZEIT) I: A Neptune-sized planet orbiting an M4.5 dwarf in the Hyades Star Cluster
• Rotation of Low-Mass Stars in Upper Scorpius and Rho Ophiuchus with K2
• Comoving stars in Gaia DR1: An abundance of very wide separation co-moving pairs
• A hot Jupiter orbiting a 2-Myr-old solar-mass T Tauri star
• Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT) IV: seven transiting planets in the Praesepe cluster
• Warm Jupiters from secular planet-planet interactions
• Two 'b's in the Beehive: The Discovery of the First Hot Jupiters in an Open Cluster
• The Photoeccentric Effect and Proto-Hot Jupiters I. Measuring photometric eccentricities of individual transiting planets
• The In Situ Formation of Giant Planets at Short Orbital Periods
• An update to the EVEREST K2 pipeline: Short cadence, saturated stars, and Kepler-like photometry down to Kp = 15
• Characterization of exoplanets from their formation III: The statistics of planetary luminosities
• HD 285507b: An Eccentric Hot Jupiter in the Hyades Open Cluster
• Warm Jupiters Need Close "Friends" for High-Eccentricity Migration -- A Stringent Upper Limit on the Perturber's Separation
• Membership, lithium, and metallicity in the young open clusters IC 2602 and IC 2391: enlarging the sample
• Investigations of approximate expressions for the transit duration
• A Candidate Young Massive Planet in Orbit around the Classical T Tauri Star CI Tau
• Star Formation in Space and Time: Taurus-Auriga
• Luminosity of young Jupiters revisited. Massive cores make hot planets
• A paucity of proto-hot Jupiters on super-eccentric orbits
• The Spitzer c2d Survey of Weak-Line T Tauri Stars. III. The Transition from Primordial Disks to Debris Disks
• Measuring the Recoverability of Close Binaries in Gaia DR2 with the Robo-AO Kepler Survey
• A hot Jupiter around the very active weak-line T Tauri star TAP 26
• The Greater Taurus-Auriga Ecosystem I: There Is A Distributed Older Population
• The lithium-rotation connection in the 125 Myr-old Pleiades cluster
• The PTF Orion Project: a Possible Planet Transiting a T-Tauri Star
• Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT) VI: a three-planet system in the Hyades cluster including an Earth-sized planet
• Four Sub-Saturns with Dissimilar Densities: Windows into Planetary Cores and Envelopes
• Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT) V: A Uniform Search for Transiting Planets in Young Clusters Observed by K2
• A Class of Warm Jupiters with Mutually Inclined, Apsidally Misaligned, Close Friends
• Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT) VIII: A Two Planet System in Praesepe from K2 Campaign 16
• Detection of Stars within $\sim$0.8 arcseconds of Kepler Objects of Interest
• K2 Discovers a Busy Bee: An Unusual Transiting Neptune Found in the Beehive Cluster
• K2-136: A Hyades Binary Star with a Neptune-sized Planet
• A Distributed Population of Low Mass Pre-Main Sequence Stars near the Taurus Molecular Clouds
• Two Small Planets Transiting HD 3167
• WIYN Open Cluster Study 5. Lithium Depletion and Metallicity in G and K Dwarfs of the Open Cluster M35
• Ultraviolet-Selected Field and Pre-Main-Sequence Stars Towards Taurus and Upper Scorpius
• Sub-stellar Companions and Stellar Multiplicity in the Taurus Star-Forming Region
• A Test of Pre-Main-Sequence Lithium Depletion Models
• A Low-Mass Exoplanet Candidate Detected By $K2$ Transiting the Praesepe M Dwarf JS 183
• Three Small Planets Transiting a Hyades Star
• A PSF-based approach to Kepler/K2 data. II. Exoplanet candidates in Praesepe (M 44)
• Planet Candidates from K2 Campaigns 5-8 and Follow-Up Optical Spectroscopy
• Magnetic fields and differential rotation on the pre-main sequence III: The early-G star HD 106506
• Accretion discs as regulators of stellar angular momentum evolution in the ONC and Taurus-Auriga
• Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT) VII: A Temperate Candidate Super-Earth in the Hyades Cluster
• The Pan-STARRS1 Proper-motion Survey for Young Brown Dwarfs in Nearby Star-forming Regions. I. Taurus Discoveries and a Reddening-free Classification Method for Ultracool Dwarfs
• Moderately Eccentric Warm Jupiters from Secular Interactions with Exterior Companions
• K2-264: A transiting multi-planet system in the Praesepe open cluster
• A lithium depletion boundary age of 22 Myr for NGC 1960
• Tests of the planetary hypothesis for PTFO 8-8695b
• Dynamical constraints on the origin of hot and warm Jupiters with close friends
• K2-231 b: A sub-Neptune exoplanet transiting a solar twin in Ruprecht 147
• Deep GALEX UV Survey of the Kepler Field I: Point Source Catalog

Cited by in corpus (60)

• Wotan: Comprehensive time-series de-trending in Python
• Stellar obliquities in exoplanetary systems
• Four newborn planets transiting the young solar analog V1298 Tau
• The nature and origins of sub-Neptune size planets
• Flare Statistics for Young Stars from a Convolutional Neural Network Analysis of $\text{TESS}$ Data
• TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) II: A 17 Myr Old Transiting Hot Jupiter in the Sco-Cen Association
• Investigating the young AU~Mic system with SPIRou: large-scale stellar magnetic field and close-in planet mass
• Deflating Super-Puffs: Impact of Photochemical Hazes on the Observed Mass-Radius Relationship of Low Mass Planets
• TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) VI: an 11 Myr giant planet transiting a very low-mass star in Lower Centaurus Crux
• Rapid contraction of giant planets orbiting the 20 million-years old star V1298 Tau
• Radial velocity confirmation of K2-100b: a young, highly irradiated, and low density transiting hot Neptune
• The GAPS Programme at TNG XXI -- A GIARPS case-study of known young planetary candidates: confirmation of HD 285507 b and refutation of AD Leo b
• Two young planetary systems around field stars with ages between 20-320 Myr from TESS
• Cluster Difference Imaging Photometric Survey. II. TOI 837: A Young Validated Planet in IC 2602
• X-ray irradiation and evaporation of the four young planets around V1298 Tau
• A Census of the Taurus Star-forming Region and Neighboring Associations with Gaia
• Overfitting Affects the Reliability of Radial Velocity Mass Estimates of the V1298 Tau Planets
• One year of AU Mic with HARPS: I -- measuring the masses of the two transiting planets
• A Relationship Between Stellar Age and Spot Coverage
• A well aligned orbit for the 45 Myr old transiting Neptune DS Tuc Ab
• AU Microscopii in the FUV: Observations in Quiescence, During Flares, and Implications for AU Mic b and c
• H-alpha and Ca II Infrared Triplet Variations During a Transit of the 23 Myr Planet V1298 Tau c
• The GAPS Programme at TNG XXVII. Reassessment of a young planetary system with HARPS-N: is the hot Jupiter V830 Tau b really there?
• An Aligned Orbit for the Young Planet V1298 Tau b
• A PSF-based Approach to TESS High quality data Of Stellar clusters (PATHOS) -- III. Exploring the properties of young associations through their variables, dippers, and candidate exoplanets
• TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) VII : Membership, rotation, and lithium in the young cluster Group-X and a new young exoplanet
• V1298 Tau with TESS: Updated Ephemerides, Radii, and Period Constraints from a Second Transit of V1298 Tau e
• Monitoring the young planet host V1298 Tau with SPIRou: planetary system and evolving large-scale magnetic field
• A Mini-Neptune from TESS and CHEOPS Around the 120 Myr Old AB Dor member HIP 94235
• TESS Investigation -- Demographics of Young Exoplanets (TI-DYE) II: a second giant planet in the 17-Myr system HIP 67522
• Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT) XIII: Planet Orbits and Atmospheres in the V1298 Tau System, a Keystone in Studies of Early Planetary Evolution
• The metal-poor atmosphere of a Neptune/Sub-Neptune planet progenitor
• The T Tauri star V410 Tau in the eyes of SPIRou and TESS
• A Framework for Characterizing Transmission Spectra of Exoplanets with Circumplanetary Rings
• Dynamical Masses of Young Stars II: Young Taurus Binaries Hubble~4, FF~Tau, and HP~Tau/G3
• The GAPS program at TNG XLVII: The unusual formation history of V1298 Tau
• The active weak-line T Tauri star LkCa 4 observed with SPIRou and TESS
• First Comparative Exoplanetology Within a Transiting Multi-planet System: Comparing the atmospheres of V1298 Tau b and c
• TOI-4562 b: A highly eccentric temperate Jupiter analog orbiting a young field star
• Updated Planetary Mass Constraints of the Young V1298 Tau System Using MAROON-X
• Stability Constrained Characterization of the 23 Myr-old V1298 Tau System: Do Young Planets Form in Mean Motion Resonance Chains?
• Testing the solar activity paradigm in the context of exoplanet transits
• YOUNG Star detrending for Transiting Exoplanet Recovery (YOUNGSTER) -- I. A search for young exoplanets in Sectors 1-5 of the TESS Full-Frame-Images
• A young progenitor for the most common planetary systems in the Galaxy
• Simulated mass measurements of the young planet K2-33b
• Amplitude Modulation of Short-Timescale Hot Spot Variability
• Orbital Dynamics and the Evolution of Planetary Habitability in the AU Mic System
• TOI-712: a system of adolescent mini-Neptunes extending to the habitable zone
• NIGHT: a compact, near-infrared, high-resolution spectrograph to survey helium in exoplanet systems
• Identifying Exoplanets with Deep Learning. IV. Removing Stellar Activity Signals from Radial Velocity Measurements Using Neural Networks
• Ariel stellar characterisation III. Fast rotators and new FGK stars in the Ariel Mission Candidate Sample
• Estimating photoevaporative mass loss of exoplanets with PLATYPOS
• Pleiades or Not? Resolving the Status of the Lithium Rich M Dwarfs HHJ339 and HHJ430
• Two Bright M Dwarfs Hosting Ultra-Short-Period Super-Earths with Earth-like Compositions
• A Search for Planetary Metastable Helium Absorption in the V1298 Tau System
• KRONOS I: The $1-2.8\mu$m JWST Transmission Spectrum of the 23 Myr V1298 Tau c
• Search for giant planets in M67 V: a warm Jupiter orbiting the turn-off star S1429
• A transiting hot Jupiter with two outer siblings orbiting an intermediate-mass post main-sequence star
• Faint intermediate luminosity optical transients (ILOTs) from engulfing exoplanets on the Hertzsprung gap
• Grain Growth in Escaping Atmospheres: Implications for the Radius Inflation of Super-Puffs