V1298 Tau with TESS: Updated Ephemerides, Radii, and Period Constraints from a Second Transit of V1298 Tau e

Abstract

V1298 Tau is a young (20-30 Myr) solar-mass K star hosting four transiting exoplanets with sizes between 0.5 - 0.9 $R_J$. Given the system's youth, it provides a unique opportunity to understand the evolution of planetary radii at different separations in the same stellar environment. V1298 Tau was originally observed 6 years ago during K2 Campaign 4. Now, V1298 Tau has been re-observed during the extended mission of NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Here, we present new photometric observations of V1298 Tau from the 10-minute TESS Full-Frame Images. We use the TESS data to update the ephemerides for V1298 Tau bcde as well as compare newly observed radii to those measured from the K2 light curve, finding shallower transits for V1298 Tau bcd in the redder TESS bandpass at the $1-2\sigma$ level. We suspect the difference in radii is due to starspot-crossing events or contamination from nearby faint stars on the same pixels as V1298 Tau. Additionally, we catch a second transit of V1298 Tau e and present a new method for deriving the marginalized posterior probability of a planet's period from two transits observed years apart. We find the highest probability period for V1298 Tau e to be in a near 2:1 mean motion resonance with V1298 Tau b which, if confirmed, could make V1298 Tau bcde a 4 planet resonant chain. V1298 Tau is the target of several ongoing and future observations. These updated ephemerides will be crucial for scheduling future transit observations and interpreting future Doppler tomographic or transmission spectroscopy signals.

11 pages, 4 figures. Accepted to ApJL

References in corpus (22)

• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• The K2 Mission: Characterization and Early results
• astroquery: An Astronomical Web-Querying Package in Python
• Planetary population synthesis coupled with atmospheric escape: a statistical view of evaporation
• A planet within the debris disk around the pre-main-sequence star AU Microscopii
• exoplanet: Gradient-based probabilistic inference for exoplanet data & other astronomical time series
• Four newborn planets transiting the young solar analog V1298 Tau
• Placing the spotted T Tauri star LkCa 4 on an HR diagram
• Flare Statistics for Young Stars from a Convolutional Neural Network Analysis of $\text{TESS}$ Data
• Gaia EDR3 Reveals the Substructure and Complicated Star Formation History of the Greater Taurus-Auriga Star Forming Complex
• Deflating Super-Puffs: Impact of Photochemical Hazes on the Observed Mass-Radius Relationship of Low Mass Planets
• Rapid contraction of giant planets orbiting the 20 million-years old star V1298 Tau
• Dusty outflows in planetary atmospheres: Understanding "super-puffs" and transmission spectra of sub-Neptunes
• Cluster Difference Imaging Photometric Survey. II. TOI 837: A Young Validated Planet in IC 2602
• Two young planetary systems around field stars with ages between 20-320 Myr from TESS
• A PSF-based Approach to TESS High quality data Of Stellar clusters (PATHOS) -- II. Search for exoplanets in open clusters of the southern ecliptic hemisphere and their frequency
• X-ray irradiation and evaporation of the four young planets around V1298 Tau
• TOI-2076 and TOI-1807: Two young, comoving planetary systems within 50 pc identified by TESS that are ideal candidates for further follow-up
• Constraining the entropy of formation from young transiting planets
• H-alpha and Ca II Infrared Triplet Variations During a Transit of the 23 Myr Planet V1298 Tau c
• Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT) XIII: Planet Orbits and Atmospheres in the V1298 Tau System, a Keystone in Studies of Early Planetary Evolution

Cited by in corpus (15)

• Overfitting Affects the Reliability of Radial Velocity Mass Estimates of the V1298 Tau Planets
• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. XXXVII. A precise density measurement of the young ultra-short period planet TOI-1807 b
• TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) IX: a 27 Myr extended population of Lower-Centaurus Crux with a transiting two-planet system
• TESS spots a mini-neptune interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system
• Monitoring the young planet host V1298 Tau with SPIRou: planetary system and evolving large-scale magnetic field
• TESS Investigation -- Demographics of Young Exoplanets (TI-DYE) II: a second giant planet in the 17-Myr system HIP 67522
• The metal-poor atmosphere of a Neptune/Sub-Neptune planet progenitor
• The GAPS program at TNG XLVII: The unusual formation history of V1298 Tau
• First Comparative Exoplanetology Within a Transiting Multi-planet System: Comparing the atmospheres of V1298 Tau b and c
• Updated Planetary Mass Constraints of the Young V1298 Tau System Using MAROON-X
• Stability Constrained Characterization of the 23 Myr-old V1298 Tau System: Do Young Planets Form in Mean Motion Resonance Chains?
• A young progenitor for the most common planetary systems in the Galaxy
• TOI-837 b: characterisation, formation and evolutionary history of an infant warm Saturn-mass planet
• KRONOS I: The $1-2.8\mu$m JWST Transmission Spectrum of the 23 Myr V1298 Tau c
• A transiting hot Jupiter with two outer siblings orbiting an intermediate-mass post main-sequence star