Kepler Presearch Data Conditioning I - Architecture and Algorithms for Error Correction in Kepler Light Curves

Abstract

Kepler provides light curves of 156,000 stars with unprecedented precision. However, the raw data as they come from the spacecraft contain significant systematic and stochastic errors. These errors, which include discontinuities, systematic trends, and outliers, obscure the astrophysical signals in the light curves. To correct these errors is the task of the Presearch Data Conditioning (PDC) module of the Kepler data analysis pipeline. The original version of PDC in Kepler did not meet the extremely high performance requirements for the detection of miniscule planet transits or highly accurate analysis of stellar activity and rotation. One particular deficiency was that astrophysical features were often removed as a side-effect to removal of errors. In this paper we introduce the completely new and significantly improved version of PDC which was implemented in Kepler SOC 8.0. This new PDC version, which utilizes a Bayesian approach for removal of systematics, reliably corrects errors in the light curves while at the same time preserving planet transits and other astrophysically interesting signals. We describe the architecture and the algorithms of this new PDC module, show typical errors encountered in Kepler data, and illustrate the corrections using real light curve examples.

Submitted to PASP. Also see companion paper "Kepler Presearch Data Conditioning II - A Bayesian Approach to Systematic Error Correction" by Jeff C. Smith et al

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• The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets-XIX. A system including a cold sub-Neptune potentially transiting a V = 6.5 star HD88986
• The HD 93963 A transiting system: A 1.04d super-Earth and a 3.65 d sub-Neptune discovered by TESS and CHEOPS
• GJ 806 (TOI-4481): A bright nearby multi-planetary system with a transiting hot, low-density super-Earth
• TOI-1842b: A Transiting Warm Saturn Undergoing Re-Inflation around an Evolving Subgiant
• Do the Kepler AGN Light Curves Need Re-processing?
• Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT 'EM) Survey. I. Confirmation of an Eccentric, Cool Jupiter With an Interior Earth-sized Planet Orbiting Kepler-1514
• GJ 3090 b: one of the most favourable mini-Neptune for atmospheric characterisation
• TESS discovery of a super-Earth and three sub-Neptunes hosted by the bright, Sun-like star HD 108236
• Precise mass determination for the keystone sub-Neptune planet transiting the mid-type M dwarf G 9-40
• TOI-1696: a nearby M4 dwarf with a $3R_{\oplus }$ planet in the Neptunian desert
• Exoplanets in the Antarctic sky. II. 116 Transiting Exoplanet Candidates Found by AST3-II (CHESPA) within the Southern CVZ of TESS
• TOI-1075 b: A Dense, Massive, Ultra-Short Period Hot Super-Earth Straddling the Radius Gap
• Binary star detectability in $Kepler$ data from phase modulation of different types of oscillations
• TOI-179: a young system with a transiting compact Neptune-mass planet and a low-mass companion in outer orbit
• A Mini-Neptune Orbiting the Metal-poor K Dwarf BD+29 2654
• KIC 2856960: the impossible triple star
• A hot mini-Neptune in the radius valley orbiting solar analogue HD 110113
• TOI 122b and TOI 237b, two small warm planets orbiting inactive M dwarfs, found by \textit{TESS}
• The LHS 1678 System: Two Earth-Sized Transiting Planets and an Astrometric Companion Orbiting an M Dwarf Near the Convective Boundary at 20 pc
• TKS V. Twin sub-Neptunes Transiting the Nearby G Star HD 63935
• HD207897 b: A dense sub-Neptune transiting a nearby and bright K-type star
• A Search for Lost Planets in the Kepler Multi-planet Systems and the Discovery of the Long-period, Neptune-sized Exoplanet Kepler-150 f
• A warm super-Neptune around the G-dwarf star TOI-1710 revealed with TESS, SOPHIE and HARPS-N
• A full transit of ${\nu }^2$ Lupi d and the search for an exomoon in its Hill sphere with CHEOPS
• Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT 'EM) Survey. II. Discovery of a Failed Hot Jupiter on a 2.7 Year, Highly Eccentric Orbit
• Supervised Learning Detection of Sixty Non-Transiting Hot Jupiter Candidates
• The GAPS Programme at TNG XL: A puffy and warm Neptune-sized planet and an outer Neptune-mass candidate orbiting the solar-type star TOI-1422
• One-third of Sun-like stars are born with misaligned planet-forming disks
• Three super-Earths and a possible water world from TESS and ESPRESSO
• Rotation and spots in normal A and Am/Fm stars
• The TESS-Keck Survey. VI. Two Eccentric sub-Neptunes Orbiting HIP-97166
• TOI-220 $b$: a warm sub-Neptune discovered by TESS
• The active weak-line T Tauri star LkCa 4 observed with SPIRou and TESS
• A 2:1 Mean-Motion Resonance Super-Jovian pair revealed by TESS, FEROS, and HARPS
• Using HARPS-N to characterise the long-period planets in the PH-2 and Kepler-103 systems
• The GAPS programme at TNG XLIV. Projected rotational velocities of 273 exoplanet-host stars observed with HARPS-N
• Three low-mass companions around aged stars discovered by TESS
• The TEMPO Survey I: Predicting Yields of the Transiting Exosatellites, Moons, and Planets from a 30-day Survey of Orion with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
• Hot planets around cool stars -- two short-period mini-Neptunes transiting the late K-dwarf TOI-1260
• The Enigmatic and Ephemeral M Dwarf System KOI 6705: Cheshire Cat or Wild Goose?
• Global Analysis of KOI-977: Spectroscopy, Asteroseismology, and Phase-curve Analysis
• GJ 3929: High Precision Photometric and Doppler Characterization of an Exo-Venus and its Hot, Mini-Neptune-mass Companion
• Linearized Field Deblending: PSF Photometry for Impatient Astronomers
• Starspot evolution, Differential Rotation and Correlation between Chromospheric and Photospheric Activities on Kepler-411
• Eclipsing binaries and fast rotators in the Kepler sample. Characterization via radial velocity analysis from Calar Alto
• Constraints on TESS albedos for five hot Jupiters
• Kepler Transit Depths Contaminated by a Phantom Star
• New Suns in the Cosmos II: Differential rotation in Kepler Sun-like stars
• A hot sub-Neptune in the desert and a temperate super-Earth around faint M dwarfs: Color validation of TOI-4479b and TOI-2081b
• Glimpses of stellar surfaces. I. Spot evolution and differential rotation of the planet host star Kepler-210
• Unveiling the Intricate Symphony of Nonlinear Pulsation Mode Interactions in High-Amplitude $\delta$ Scuti Stars
• Three Warm Jupiters around Solar-analog stars detected with TESS
• Exploring Short-Term Optical Variability of Blazars Using $\text{TESS}$
• Orbital and physical parameters of eclipsing binaries from the ASAS catalogue -- XII. A sample of systems with $K2$ photometry
• Hunting for anti-solar differentially rotating stars using the Rossby number -- An application to the Kepler field
• The K2 M67 Study: Establishing the Limits of Stellar Rotation Period Measurements in M67 with K2 Campaign 5 Data
• A collage of small planets from the Lick Carnegie Exoplanet Survey : Exploring the super-Earth and sub-Neptune mass regime
• A multi-planetary system orbiting the early-M dwarf TOI-1238
• TOI-4438 b: a transiting mini-Neptune amenable to atmospheric characterization
• A High-Eccentricity Warm Jupiter Orbiting TOI-4127
• On the Detection of Non-Transiting Hot Jupiters in Multiple-Planet Systems
• TESS Giants Transiting Giants. VI. Newly Discovered Hot Jupiters Provide Evidence for Efficient Obliquity Damping after the Main Sequence
• Measuring frequency and period separations in red-giant stars using machine learning
• TESS discovery of a super-Earth orbiting the M dwarf star TOI-1680
• A rapidly evolving high-amplitude $\delta$ Scuti star crossing the Hertzsprung Gap
• Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT 'EM) Survey: III. Recovery and Confirmation of a Temperate, Mildly Eccentric, Single-Transit Jupiter Orbiting TOI-2010
• Confirmation of the Long-Period Planet Orbiting Gliese 411 and the Detection of a New Planet Candidate
• Stellar spectral-type (mass) dependence of the dearth of close-in planets around fast-rotating stars. Architecture of Kepler confirmed single-exoplanet systems compared to star-planet evolution models
• The architecture and formation of the Kepler-30 planetary system
• Active Galactic Nuclei Discovered in the Kepler Mission
• Study of Chemically Peculiar Stars-I : High-resolution Spectroscopy and K2 Photometry of Am Stars in the Region of M44
• Searching for TESS Photometric Variability of Possible JWST Spectrophotometric Standard Stars
• Physical Properties and Impact Parameter Variations of Kepler Planets from Analytic Light Curve Modeling
• Revisiting the Transit Timing Variations in the TrES-3 and Qatar-1 systems with TESS data
• Periodic transit and variability search with simultaneous systematics filtering: Is it worth it?
• TOI-837b is a Young Saturn-sized Exoplanet with a Massive 70 $M_{\oplus }$ Core
• TESS and CHEOPS Discover Two Warm Sub-Neptunes Transiting the Bright K-dwarf HD 15906
• Refining the properties of the TOI-178 system with CHEOPS and TESS
• T Tauri stars in the SuperWASP and NSVS surveys
• TOI-1296b and TOI-1298b observed with TESS and SOPHIE: Two hot Saturn-mass exoplanets with different densities around metal-rich stars
• TOI-1736 and TOI-2141: two systems including sub-Neptunes around solar analogs revealed by TESS and SOPHIE
• Validation of up to seven TESS planet candidates through multi-colour transit photometry using MuSCAT2 data
• TESS discovery of two super-Earths orbiting the M-dwarf stars TOI-6002 and TOI-5713 near the radius valley
• The EBLM Project XII. An eccentric, long-period eclipsing binary with a companion near the hydrogen-burning limit
• A hot Mars-sized exoplanet transiting an M dwarf
• A simple method to measure numax for asteroseismology: application to 16,000 oscillating Kepler red giants
• The K2 & TESS Synergy II: Revisiting 26 systems in the TESS Primary Mission
• Confirmation and characterisation of three giant planets detected by TESS from the FIES/NOT and Tull/McDonald spectrographs
• Detection of p-mode Oscillations in HD 35833 with NEID and TESS
• Characterization of the HD 108236 system with CHEOPS and TESS. Confirmation of a fifth transiting planet
• Superflares on solar-like stars: A new method for identifying the true flare sources in photometric surveys
• Photo-dynamical characterisation of the TOI-178 resonant chain
• The Kepler Smear Campaign: Light curves for 102 Very Bright Stars
• A transiting giant planet in orbit around a 0.2-solar-mass host star
• TOI-4504: Exceptionally large Transit Timing Variations induced by two resonant warm gas giants in a three planet system
• Characterization of seven transiting systems including four warm Jupiters from SOPHIE and TESS
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Revisiting the GJ 581 multi-planetary system with new Doppler measurements from CARMENES, HARPS, and HIRES
• TOI-1055 b: Neptunian planet characterised with HARPS, TESS, and CHEOPS
• An old warm Jupiter orbiting the metal-poor G-dwarf TOI-5542
• Coralie radial-velocity search for companions around evolved stars (CASCADES) III. A new Jupiter host-star: in-depth analysis of HD 29399 using TESS data
• A close-in puffy Neptune with hidden friends: The enigma of TOI 620
• TOI-1749: an M dwarf with a Trio of Planets including a Near-Resonant Pair
• Three Saturn-mass planets transiting F-type stars revealed with TESS and HARPS
• Data calibration for the MASCARA and bRing instruments
• TOI-712: a system of adolescent mini-Neptunes extending to the habitable zone
• Three Warm Jupiters orbiting TOI-6628, TOI-3837, TOI-5027 and one sub-Saturn orbiting TOI-2328
• Establishing the accuracy of asteroseismic mass and radius estimates of giant stars. II. Revised stellar masses and radii for KIC 8430105
• An Earth-sized Planet around an M5 Dwarf Star at 22 pc
• Radial velocity confirmation of a hot super-Neptune discovered by TESS with a warm Saturn-mass companion
• Characterisation of TOI-406 as showcase of the THIRSTEE program: A 2-planet system straddling the M-dwarf density gap
• An emerging and enigmatic spectral class of isolated DAe white dwarfs
• The Kepler IRIS Catalog: Image subtraction light curves for 9,150 stars in and around the open clusters NGC 6791 and NGC 6819
• The Solar Neighborhood LI: A Variability Survey of Nearby M Dwarfs with Planets from Months to Decades with TESS and the CTIO/SMARTS 0.9 m Telescope
• Refraction in exoplanet atmospheres: Photometric signatures, implications for transmission spectroscopy, and search in Kepler data
• Analysis of eclipsing binaries in multiple stellar systems: the case of V1200 Centauri
• TOI-837 b: characterisation, formation and evolutionary history of an infant warm Saturn-mass planet
• Bayesian Methods for Joint Exoplanet Transit Detection and Systematic Noise Characterization
• The multi-planet system TOI-421 -- A warm Neptune and a super puffy mini-Neptune transiting a G9 V star in a visual binary
• Flare Activity and Magnetic Feature Analysis of the Flare Stars
• The GAPS Programme at TNG. XXX: Characterization of the low-density gas giant HAT-P-67 b with GIARPS
• Temporal albedo variability in the phase curve of KELT-1b
• The GAPS programme at TNG LXIV: An inner eccentric sub-Neptune and an outer sub-Neptune-mass candidate around BD+00 444 (TOI-2443)
• Two sub-Neptunes around the M dwarf TOI-1470
• HD 183579b: A Warm Sub-Neptune Transiting a Solar Twin Detected by TESS
• TOI-908: a planet at the edge of the Neptune desert transiting a G-type star
• An unusually large gaseous transit in a debris disc
• Testing the wavelength dependence of oscillations and granulation in red giants using Kepler and TESS
• TOI-5108 b and TOI 5786 b: Two transiting sub-Saturns detected and characterized with TESS, MaHPS and SOPHIE
• Validation of a Third Planet in the LHS 1678 System
• The Properties and Evolutions of Starspots on Three Detached Eclipsing Binaries in the LAMOST-Kepler survey
• Precise Transit Photometry Using TESS: Updated Physical Properties for 28 Exoplanets Around Bright Stars
• Discovery of TOI-1260d and the characterisation of the multi-planet system
• Two warm Earth-sized exoplanets and an Earth-sized candidate in the M5V-M6V binary system TOI-2267
• The TESS-Keck Survey. XIII. An Eccentric Hot Neptune with a Similar-Mass Outer Companion around TOI-1272
• A Low-mass, Pre-main-sequence Eclipsing Binary in the 40 Myr Columba Association -- Fundamental Stellar Parameters and Modeling the Effect of Star Spots
• Precision timing of eclipsing binaries from TESS full frame images. Method and performance
• Optical detection of the 1.1-day variability at the white dwarf GD 394 with TESS
• Properties of a Previously Unidentified Instrumental Signature in $\text{Kepler/K2}$ that was Confused for AGN Variability
• TESS search for substellar companions through pulsation timing of $\delta$ Scuti stars. I. Discovery of companions around Chang 134 and V393 Car
• Finding the Needle in a Haystack: Detrending Photometric Timeseries Data of Strictly Periodic Astrophysical Objects
• Evidence for Primordial Alignment II: Insights from Stellar Obliquity Measurements for Hot Jupiters in Compact Multiplanet Systems
• The GPU Phase Folding and Deep Learning Method for Detecting Exoplanet Transits
• The inflated, eccentric warm Jupiter TOI-4914 b orbiting a metal-poor star, and the hot Jupiters TOI-2714 b and TOI-2981 b
• Contemporaneous Observations of $H\alpha$ Luminosities and Photometric Amplitudes for M Dwarfs
• CHEOPS's hunt for exocomets: photometric observations of 5 Vul
• Discovery of a cold giant planet and mass measurement of a hot super-Earth in the multi-planetary system WASP-132
• Follow-up of non-transiting planets detected by Kepler. Confirmation of three hot-Jupiters and validation of three other planets
• TOI-858 B b: A hot Jupiter on a polar orbit in a loose binary
• Radii, masses, and transit-timing variations of the three-planet system orbiting the naked-eye star TOI-396
• Two neighbours of the ultra-short-period Earth-sized planet K2-157 b in the warm Neptunian savanna
• An extended low-density atmosphere around the Jupiter-sized planet WASP-193 b
• The Hot-Neptune Initiative (HONEI) I. Two hot sub-Neptunes on a close-in, eccentric orbit (TOI-5800 b) and a farther-out, circular orbit (TOI-5817 b)
• Planet Hunters TESS V: a planetary system around a binary star, including a mini-Neptune in the habitable zone
• Discovery and characterisation of two Neptune-mass planets orbiting HD 212729 with TESS
• Discovery of Dipolar Chromospheres in Two White Dwarfs
• TOI-733 b: a planet in the small-planet radius valley orbiting a Sun-like star
• The EXOTIME project: Signals in the $O-C$ diagrams of the rapidly pulsating subdwarfs DW Lyn, V1636 Ori, QQ Vir, and V541 Hya
• A wavelet analysis of photometric variability in Kepler white dwarf stars
• Coralie radial velocity search for companions around evolved stars (CASCADES) II. Seismic masses for three red giants orbited by long-period massive planets
• The GAPS Programme at TNG. LXV. Precise density measurement of TOI-1430 b, a young planet with an evaporating atmosphere
• Two substellar survivor candidates; one found and one missing
• NIRPS and TESS reveal a peculiar system around the M dwarf TOI-756: A transiting sub-Neptune and a cold eccentric giant
• Solar-like oscillations in $\gamma$ Cephei A as seen through SONG and TESS
• Revisiting Kepler Transiting Systems: Unvetting Planets and Constraining Relationships among Harmonics in Phase Curves
• TOI-2005b: An Eccentric Warm Jupiter in Spin-Orbit Alignment
• Statistical analysis of variability properties of the Kepler blazar W2R 1926+42
• TOI-2498 b: A hot bloated super-Neptune within the Neptune desert
• Gaussian Processes and Nested Sampling Applied to Kepler's Small Long-period Exoplanet Candidates
• TOI-3288 b and TOI-4666 b: two gas giants transiting low-mass stars characterised by NIRPS
• A Transiting Super-Earth in the Radius Valley and An Outer Planet Candidate Around HD 307842
• More planetary candidates from K2 Campaign 5 by tran_k2
• Optimal frequency-domain analysis for spacecraft time series: Introducing the missing-data multitaper power spectrum estimator
• TOI-1199 b and TOI-1273 b: Two new transiting hot Saturns detected and characterized with SOPHIE and TESS
• A New Brown Dwarf Orbiting an M star and An Investigation on the Eccentricity Distribution of Transiting Long-Period Brown Dwarfs
• TOI-3568 b: a super-Neptune in the sub-Jovian desert
• A homogeneous TTV investigation of all TESS systems with a confirmed single transiting planet
• Pleiades or Not? Resolving the Status of the Lithium Rich M Dwarfs HHJ339 and HHJ430
• A sub-Neptune transiting the young field star HD 18599 at 40 pc
• Characterization of low-mass companions to $\text{Kepler}$ objects of interest observed with APOGEE-N
• The GAPS Programme at TNG. LIX. A characterisation study of the $\sim$300 Myr old multi-planetary system orbiting the star BD+40 2790 (TOI-2076)
• FALCO: a Foundation model of Astronomical Light Curves for time dOmain astronomy
• TOI-1743 b, TOI-5799 b, TOI-5799 c and TOI-6223 b: TESS discovery and validation of four super-Earth to Neptune-sized planets around M dwarfs
• TESS and HARPS-N unveil two planets transiting TOI-1453. A super-Earth and one of the lowest mass sub-Neptunes
• Detection and characterisation of a 106-day transiting Jupiter : TOI-2449 b / NGTS-36 b
• MANGOS II: Five new giant planets orbiting low-mass stars
• The Magnetically Induced Radial Velocity Variation of Gliese 341 and an Upper Limit to the Mass of Its Transiting Earth-sized Planet
• New Suns in the Cosmos V: Stellar rotation and multifractality in active \textit{Kepler} stars
• Validation of TOI-1221 b: A warm sub-Neptune exhibiting TTVs around a Sun-like star
• TOI-2322: two transiting rocky planets close to the stellar rotation period and its first harmonic
• Characterizing planetary systems with SPIRou: Detection of a sub-Neptune in a 6-day period orbit around the M dwarf Gl 410
• TOI-2458 b: A mini-Neptune consistent with in situ hot Jupiter formation
• Three young planets around the K-dwarf K2-198: High-energy environment, evaporation history and expected future
• BD-14 3065b (TOI-4987b): from giant planet to brown dwarf: evidence for deuterium burning in old age?
• Synergies between Exoplanet Surveys and Variable Star Research
• TESS Science Processing Operations Center Photometric Precision Archival Product
• Statistical properties of superflares on solar-type stars based on the Kepler 1-min cadence data
• TrES-1 b: A Case Study in Detecting Secular Evolution of Exoplanet Orbits
• TOI-7166 b: A Habitable Zone mini-Neptune planet around a nearby low-mass star
• Two Bright M Dwarfs Hosting Ultra-Short-Period Super-Earths with Earth-like Compositions
• Activity of low mass stars in the light of spot signature in the Fourier domain
• A sub-Earth-mass planet orbiting Barnard's star: No evidence of transits in TESS photometry
• Search for Exoplanetary Ring Systems with TESS
• A simple model to describe intrinsic stellar noise for exoplanet detection around red giants
• Companions to Kepler giant stars: A long-period eccentric substellar companion to KIC 3526061 and a stellar companion to HD 187878
• CaII and H$\alpha$ flaring M dwarfs detected with multi-filter photometry
• A transiting rocky super-Earth and a non-transiting sub-Neptune orbiting the M dwarf TOI-771
• HARPS-N Reveals a Well-aligned Orbit for the Highly Eccentric Warm Jupiter TOI-4127 b
• TOI-1634 b: an Ultra-Short Period Keystone Planet Sitting Inside the M Dwarf Radius Valley
• The changing face of AU Mic b: stellar spots, spin-orbit commensurability, and Transit Timing Variations as seen by CHEOPS and TESS
• Gas-depleted planet formation occurred in the four-planet system around the red dwarf LHS 1903
• Densities of small planets around the M dwarfs TOI-4336 A and TOI-4342 with ESPRESSO: Three sub-Neptunes, one super-Earth, and a Neptune-mass candidate
• The multi-planet system TOI-5624: Four transiting sub-Neptunes with an outer companion revealed by transit-timing variations
• ASTEP confirmation of a pair of long-period Jupiter-sized planets with extremely low densities transiting TOI-791
• Confirmation of the hot super-Neptune TOI-672 b with NIRPS and HARPS and Insights into the Neptunian desert around M dwarfs
• TOI-4552 b: A new ultra-short period rocky world revealed by NIRPS and TESS
• Uncovering the Rapidly Evolving Orbits of the Dynamic TOI-201 System
• The dark and featureless surface of rocky exoplanet LHS 3844 b from JWST mid-infrared spectroscopy
• CY Aquarii: A Triple System with Twin Companions
• The $\beta$ Pictoris b Hill sphere transit campaign. Paper II: Searching for the signatures of the $\beta$ Pictoris exoplanets through time delay analysis of the $\delta$ Scuti pulsations
• GJ 238 b: A 0.57 Earth Radius Planet Orbiting an M2.5 Dwarf Star at 15.2 pc
• The TESS-Keck Survey. XIX. A Warm Transiting Sub-Saturn Mass Planet and a non-Transiting Saturn Mass Planet Orbiting a Solar Analog
• Kepler Fourier concepts: The performance of the Kepler data pipeline
• Near infrared and optical emission of WASP-5 b
• Search for giant planets in M67 V: a warm Jupiter orbiting the turn-off star S1429
• Using Computational Models to Uncover the Parameters of Three Kepler Binaries: KIC 5957123, KIC 8314879, and KIC 10727668
• Three Hot Jupiters transiting K-dwarfs with a significant heavy element mass
• Discovery of a transiting hot water-world candidate orbiting Ross 176 with TESS and CARMENES
• The GAPS programme at TNG LXXI. A sub-Neptune suitable for atmospheric characterization in a multiplanet and mutually inclined system orbiting the bright K dwarf TOI-5789 (HIP 99452)
• TOI-1201 b: A mini-Neptune transiting a bright and moderately young M dwarf
• Sibling Sub-Neptunes Around Sibling M Dwarfs: TOI-521 and TOI-912
• A Uniform Search for Nearby Planetary Companions to Hot Jupiters in TESS Data Reveals Hot Jupiters are Still Lonely
• Stellar dynamics of low mass stars from the surface to the interior measured by CoRoT and Kepler
• The SATCHEL pipeline: A general tool for data classified through citizen science
• Exoplanet System Kepler-2 with comparisons to Kepler-1 and 13
• TOI-1438: A rare system with two short-period sub-Neptunes and a tentative long-period Jupiter-like planet orbiting a K0V star
• The TESS-Keck Survey. XI. Mass Measurements for Four Transiting sub-Neptunes orbiting K dwarf TOI-1246
• Kepler-1624b Has No Significant Transit Timing Variations
• TOI-333b: A Neptune Desert planet around a F7V star
• JWST unveils a high mean molecular weight atmosphere for mini-Neptune TOI-1130b: Evidence for formation beyond the water ice line
• A large sub-Neptune transiting the thick-disk M4V TOI-2406
• A Warm Massive Pair of Planets around TOI-1232 Revealed with Transit-timing Variations and Doppler Spectroscopy
• TOI-1518b: A Misaligned Ultra-hot Jupiter with Iron in its Atmosphere
• Detailed Characterization of Heartbeat Stars and their Tidally Excited Oscillations
• The Longest-period Young Transiting Exoplanets. A Duo of Puffy Giants inside a Debris Disk
• Harmonics as a Hidden Window into the Turbulent Convective Envelope of non-Blazhko RRab Stars
• A Homogeneous Catalog of Rossiter-McLaughlin Systems: Distinct $e$-$\lambda$ Trends in Three Gas-Giant Mass Regimes
• Hidden oscillations in plain sight: identification of seismically unresolved red-giant asteroseismic binary candidates
• BE Lyncis: A Pulsating Star in the Most Eccentric Binary with a Massive Unseen Companion
• NIRPS tightens the mass estimate of GJ 3090 b and detects a planet near the stellar rotation period
• Multicolour Validation of Two Temperate Mini-Neptunes Around M-dwarf Habitable Zones
• Improved characterization of the TOI-2141 system: a dense sub-Neptune with non-transiting inner and outer companions
• Refining the Masses and Radii of the Star Kepler-33 and its Five Transiting Planets
• Transit Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) VIII: a Pleiades-age association harboring two transiting planetary systems from Kepler
• The Directly-Imaged Exoplanet Host Star 51 Eridani is a Gamma Doradus Pulsator
• Optimized cutting off transit algorithm to study stellar rotation from PLATO mission light curves