Kepler-730: A hot Jupiter system with a close-in, transiting, Earth-sized planet

Abstract

Kepler-730 is a planetary system hosting a statistically validated hot Jupiter in a 6.49-day orbit and an additional transiting candidate in a 2.85-day orbit. We use spectroscopic radial velocities from the APOGEE-2N instrument, Robo-AO contrast curves, and Gaia distance estimates to statistically validate the planetary nature of the additional Earth-sized candidate. We perform astrophysical false positive probability calculations for the candidate using the available Kepler data and bolster the statistical validation by using radial velocity data to exclude a family of possible binary star solutions. Using a radius estimate for the primary star derived from stellar models, we compute radii of $1.100_{-0.050}^{+0.047}{R}_{Jup}$ and $0.140\pm 0.012R_{Jup}$ ($1.57\pm 0.13R_{\oplus }$) for Kepler-730b and Kepler-730c, respectively. Kepler-730 is only the second compact system hosting a hot Jupiter with an inner, transiting planet.

arXiv comment13 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables, published in ApJL

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