TOI-3984 A b and TOI-5293 A b: two temperate gas giants transiting mid-M dwarfs in wide binary systems

Abstract

We confirm the planetary nature of two gas giants discovered by TESS to transit M dwarfs with stellar companions at wide separations. TOI-3984 A ($J=11.93$) is an M4 dwarf hosting a short-period ($4.353326\pm 0.000005$ days) gas giant ($M_p=0.14\pm 0.03{\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{J}}$ and $R_p=0.71\pm 0.02{\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{J}}$) with a wide separation white dwarf companion. TOI-5293 A ($J=12.47$) is an M3 dwarf hosting a short-period ($2.930289\pm 0.000004$ days) gas giant ($M_p=0.54\pm 0.07{\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{J}}$ and $R_p=1.06\pm 0.04{\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{J}}$) with a wide separation M dwarf companion. We characterize both systems using a combination of ground-based and space-based photometry, speckle imaging, and high-precision radial velocities from the Habitable-zone Planet Finder and NEID spectrographs. TOI-3984 A b ($T_{eq}=563\pm 15$ K and $\mathrm{TSM}=138_{-27}^{+29}$) and TOI-5293 A b ($T_{eq}=675_{-30}^{+42}$ K and $\mathrm{TSM}=92\pm 14$) are two of the coolest gas giants among the population of hot Jupiter-sized gas planets orbiting M dwarfs and are favorable targets for atmospheric characterization of temperate gas giants and three-dimensional obliquity measurements to probe system architecture and migration scenarios.

Published in AJ, 46 pages, 16 figures, 6 tables, updated to reflect published version. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2201.09963

References in corpus (103)

• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• Gaia Data Release 3: Summary of the content and survey properties
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: System Overview, Performance, and First Results
• Estimating distances from parallaxes. V: Geometric and photogeometric distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia Early Data Release 3
• The generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram. A new formalism for the floating-mean and Keplerian periodograms
• galpy: A Python Library for Galactic Dynamics
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: Data Processing, Products, and Archive
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: Science Objectives
• astroquery: An Astronomical Web-Querying Package in Python
• Gaia Early Data Release 3: Photometric content and validation
• Planet formation around stars of various masses: The snow line and the frequency of giant planets
• Origins of Eccentric Extrasolar Planets: Testing the Planet-Planet Scattering Model
• Spectrum radial velocity analyser (SERVAL). High-precision radial velocities and two alternative spectral indicators
• Measuring the rotation period distribution of field M-dwarfs with Kepler
• A million binaries from Gaia eDR3: sample selection and validation of Gaia parallax uncertainties
• Toward a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation V. Accumulation Near the Ice Line
• Tidal Evolution of Close-in Extra-Solar Planets
• A catalogue of white dwarfs in Gaia EDR3
• On the Spectral Evolution of Hot White Dwarf Stars. I. A Detailed Model-Atmosphere Analysis of Hot White Dwarfs from SDSS DR12
• A stellar-mass-dependent drop in planet occurrence rates
• Precision Stellar Characterization of FGKM Stars using an Empirical Spectral Library
• Kepler constraints on planets near hot Jupiters
• Transit Least Squares: Optimized transit detection algorithm to search for periodic transits of small planets
• Exploring The Frequency Of Close-In Jovian Planets Around M Dwarfs
• Inferring probabilistic stellar rotation periods using Gaussian processes
• Mass-Metallicity Trends in Transiting Exoplanets from Atmospheric Abundances of H${}_2$O, Na, and K
• Revised metallicity classes for low-mass stars: dwarfs (dM), subdwarfs (sdM), extreme subdwarfs (esdM), and ultra subdwarfs (usdM)
• The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS). IV. Planetary systems around low-mass stars
• Hot Jupiters from Coplanar High-eccentricity Migration
• Tracing the formation history of giant planets in protoplanetary disks with Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulphur
• Steady-state planet migration by the Kozai-Lidov mechanism in stellar binaries
• Dust in Brown Dwarfs and Extra-solar Planets I. Chemical composition and spectral appearance of quasi-static cloud layers
• Bayesian search for low-mass planets around nearby M dwarfs. Estimates for occurrence rate based on global detectability statistics
• Friends of Hot Jupiters II: No Correspondence Between Hot-Jupiter Spin-Orbit Misalignment and the Incidence of Directly Imaged Stellar Companions
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs -- Planet occurrence rates from a subsample of 71 stars
• Stellar Spectroscopy in the Near-infrared with a Laser Frequency Comb
• The HETDEX Instrumentation: Hobby-Eberly Telescope Wide Field Upgrade and VIRUS
• Orbital misalignment of the Neptune-mass exoplanet GJ 436b with the spin of its cool star
• Correcting for Telluric Absorption: Methods, Case Studies, and Release of the TelFit Code
• Cool Jupiters greatly outnumber their toasty siblings: Occurrence rates from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search
• The 100 pc White Dwarf Sample in the SDSS Footprint
• Friends of Hot Jupiters. IV. Stellar companions beyond 50 AU might facilitate giant planet formation, but most are unlikely to cause Kozai-Lidov migration
• LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey of the Galactic Anti-centre (LSS-GAC): target selection and the first release of value-added catalogues
• Influence of Stellar Multiplicity On Planet Formation. II. Planets Are Less Common in Multiple-Star Systems with Separations Smaller than 1500 AU
• The Joker: A custom Monte Carlo sampler for binary-star and exoplanet radial velocity data
• Python Leap Second Management and Implementation of Precise Barycentric Correction (barycorrpy)
• Beyond Equilibrium Temperature: How the Atmosphere/Interior Connection Affects the Onset of Methane, Ammonia, and Clouds in Warm Transiting Giant Planets
• Jupiter's composition suggests its core assembled exterior to the N2 snowline
• Hot Jupiters: Origins, Structure, Atmospheres
• Aerosols in Exoplanet Atmospheres
• The Precision of Mass Measurements Required for Robust Atmospheric Characterization of Transiting Exoplanets
• ZTF Early Observations of Type Ia Supernovae I: Properties of the 2018 Sample
• A Preponderance of Perpendicular Planets
• Towards Space-like Photometric Precision from the Ground with Beam-Shaping Diffusers
• A comprehensive radial velocity error budget for next generation Doppler spectrometers
• A Versatile Technique to Enable sub-milli-Kelvin Instrument Stability for Precise Radial Velocity Measurements: Tests with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder
• LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey of the Galactic Anticentre (LSS-GAC): the second release of value-added catalogues
• Occurrence rate of hot Jupiters around early-type M dwarfs based on TESS data
• The occurrence rate of giant planets orbiting low-mass stars with TESS
• The Warm Neptune GJ 3470b has a Polar Orbit
• Tidal dissipation in rotating low-mass stars and implications for the orbital evolution of close-in planets I. From the PMS to the RGB at solar metallicity
• A high binary fraction for the most massive close-in giant planets and brown dwarf desert members
• Origins of Hot Jupiters from the Stellar Obliquity Distribution
• Standard Galactic Field RR Lyrae. I. Optical to Mid-infrared Phased Photometry
• Limits on the Spin-Orbit Angle and Atmospheric Escape for the 22 Myr-old Planet AU Mic b
• The Habitable-zone Planet Finder Reveals A High Mass and a Low Obliquity for the Young Neptune K2-25b
• A sub-Neptune sized planet transiting the M2.5-dwarf G 9-40: Validation with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder
• The properties of discs around planets and brown dwarfs as evidence for disc fragmentation
• Evidence for Hidden Nearby Companions to Hot Jupiters
• The TESS Faint Star Search: 1,617 TOIs from the TESS Primary Mission
• Exploring the Dependence of Hot Jupiter Occurrence Rates on Stellar Mass with TESS
• Kepler-730: A hot Jupiter system with a close-in, transiting, Earth-sized planet
• SOAR TESS Survey. II: The impact of stellar companions on planetary populations
• Tidal Inflation Reconciles Low-Density Sub-Saturns with Core Accretion
• Detectable molecular features above hydrocarbon haze via transmission spectroscopy with JWST: Case studies of GJ 1214b-, GJ 436b-, HD 97658b-, and Kepler-51b-like planets
• Transmission spectroscopy and Rossiter-McLaughlin measurements of the young Neptune orbiting AU Mic
• HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N at TNG XV. Planetary occurrence rates around early-M dwarfs
• Evidence for Spin-orbit Alignment in the TRAPPIST-1 System
• TOI-5205 b: A Short-period Jovian Planet Transiting a Mid-M Dwarf
• Development and construction of MAROON-X
• Planets in Binaries: Formation and Dynamical Evolution
• Slow Cooling and Fast Reinflation for Hot Jupiters
• HATS-74Ab, HATS-75b, HATS-76b and HATS-77b: Four Transiting Giant Planets around K and M Dwarfs
• The polar orbit of the warm Neptune GJ436b seen with VLT/ESPRESSO
• TOI-3714 b and TOI-3629 b: Two gas giants transiting M dwarfs confirmed with HPF and NEID
• LRS2: the new facility low resolution integral field spectrograph for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
• The Aligned Orbit of WASP-148b, the Only Known Hot Jupiter with a Nearby Warm Jupiter Companion, from NEID and HIRES
• The Far Ultraviolet M-dwarf Evolution Survey. I. The Rotational Evolution of High-Energy Emissions
• White dwarf and subdwarf stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16
• Systematics-insensitive Periodogram for finding periods in TESS observations of long-period rotators
• The Discovery of a Planetary Companion Interior to Hot Jupiter WASP-132 b
• Tidal erasure of stellar obliquities constrains the timing of hot Jupiter formation
• The intrinsic multiplicity distribution of exoplanets revealed from the radial velocity method
• Classifying Single Stars and Spectroscopic Binaries Using Optical Stellar Templates
• Estimating the Ultraviolet Emission of M dwarfs with Exoplanets from Ca II and H$\alpha$
• Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). VI. The Homogeneous Refinement of System Parameters for 39 Transiting Hot Jupiters with 127 New Light Curves
• TESS spots a mini-neptune interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system
• In situ formation of hot Jupiters with companion super-Earths
• Very wide companion fraction from Gaia DR2: a weak or no enhancement for hot jupiter hosts, and a strong enhancement for contact binaries
• Measuring the Obliquities of the TRAPPIST-1 Planets with MAROON-X
• NEID Reveals that The Young Warm Neptune TOI-2076 b Has a Low Obliquity
• Simultaneous observations of the northern TESS sectors by the Zwicky Transient Facility

Cited by in corpus (9)

• Searching for Giant Exoplanets around M-dwarf Stars (GEMS) I: Survey Motivation
• An M dwarf accompanied by a close-in giant orbiter with SPECULOOS
• TOI-5344 b: A Saturn-like planet orbiting a super-Solar metallicity M0 dwarf
• Hundreds of TESS exoplanets might be larger than we thought
• GEMS JWST: Transmission spectroscopy of TOI-5205b reveals significant stellar contamination and a metal-poor atmosphere
• The Solar Neighborhood LII: M Dwarf Twin Binaries -- Presumed Identical Twins Appear Fraternal in Variability, Rotation, H$\alpha$, and X-rays
• MANGOS II: Five new giant planets orbiting low-mass stars
• Homogeneous search for spot transits in Kepler and TESS photometry of K $-$ M-type main-sequence stars
• Searching for GEMS: TOI-5916 b & TOI-6158 b are two Saturn-density planets orbiting M2 dwarfs