Stellar Spectroscopy in the Near-infrared with a Laser Frequency Comb

Abstract

The discovery and characterization of exoplanets around nearby stars is driven by profound scientific questions about the uniqueness of Earth and our Solar System, and the conditions under which life could exist elsewhere in our Galaxy. Doppler spectroscopy, or the radial velocity (RV) technique, has been used extensively to identify hundreds of exoplanets, but with notable challenges in detecting terrestrial mass planets orbiting within habitable zones. We describe infrared RV spectroscopy at the 10 m Hobby-Eberly telescope that leverages a 30 GHz electro-optic laser frequency comb with nanophotonic supercontinuum to calibrate the Habitable Zone Planet Finder spectrograph. Demonstrated instrument precision <10 cm/s and stellar RVs approaching 1 m/s open the path to discovery and confirmation of habitable zone planets around M-dwarfs, the most ubiquitous type of stars in our Galaxy.

References in corpus (20)

• Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars: New Estimates
• A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri
• The Solar Neighborhood XVII: Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9m Program -- Twenty New Members of the RECONS 10 Parsec Sample
• A laser frequency comb that enables radial velocity measurements with a precision of 1 cm s${}^{-1}$
• The HARPS-TERRA project I. Description of the algorithms, performance and new measurements on a few remarkable stars observed by HARPS
• State of the Field: Extreme Precision Radial Velocities
• High-precision wavelength calibration of astronomical spectrographs with laser frequency combs
• Stellar Activity Masquerading as Planets in the Habitable Zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581
• Searching for Exoplanets Using a Microresonator Astrocomb
• An ultrafast electro-optic light source with sub-cycle precision
• The CRIRES Search for Planets Around the Lowest-Mass Stars. I. High-Precision Near-Infrared Radial Velocities with an Ammonia Gas Cell
• Biosignature Gases in H2-Dominated Atmospheres on Rocky Exoplanets
• Demonstration of On-Sky Calibration of Astronomical Spectra using a 25 GHz near-IR Laser Frequency Comb
• A candidate super-Earth planet orbiting near the snow line of Barnard's star
• Astronomical spectrograph calibration with broad-spectrum frequency combs
• A Versatile Technique to Enable sub-milli-Kelvin Instrument Stability for Precise Radial Velocity Measurements: Tests with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder
• Demonstration of a Near-IR Laser Comb for Precision Radial Velocity Measurements in Astronomy
• Towards Understanding Stellar Radial Velocity Jitter as a Function of Wavelength: The Sun as a Proxy
• Photonic-chip supercontinuum with tailored spectra for precision frequency metrology
• Suppression of Fiber Modal Noise Induced Radial Velocity Errors for Bright Emission-Line Calibration Sources

Cited by in corpus (51)

• 20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications
• Self-organized nonlinear gratings for ultrafast nanophotonics
• Confirmation of WASP-107b's extended Helium atmosphere with Keck II/NIRSPEC
• The Warm Neptune GJ 3470b has a Polar Orbit
• Tutorial: Nonlinear magnonics
• Evidence for He I 10830 Å~ absorption during the transit of a warm Neptune around the M-dwarf GJ 3470 with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder
• The Habitable-zone Planet Finder Reveals A High Mass and a Low Obliquity for the Young Neptune K2-25b
• A sub-Neptune sized planet transiting the M2.5-dwarf G 9-40: Validation with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder
• Mechanical overtone frequency combs
• A 30 GHz electro-optic frequency comb spanning 300 THz in the near infrared and visible
• TOI-5205 b: A Short-period Jovian Planet Transiting a Mid-M Dwarf
• 2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments
• Precise Radial Velocities of Cool Low Mass Stars With iSHELL
• Persistent starspot signals on M dwarfs: multi-wavelength Doppler observations with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder and Keck/HIRES
• TOI-3714 b and TOI-3629 b: Two gas giants transiting M dwarfs confirmed with HPF and NEID
• Dynamical Mass of the Young Substellar Companion HD 984 B
• Fully phase-stabilized 1 GHz turnkey frequency comb at 1.56 $\mu$m
• A warm Jupiter transiting an M dwarf: A TESS single transit event confirmed with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder
• A giant planet transiting a 3-Myr protostar with a misaligned disk
• Ultraviolet astronomical spectrograph calibration with laser frequency combs from nanophotonic lithium niobate waveguides
• TOI-3984 A b and TOI-5293 A b: two temperate gas giants transiting mid-M dwarfs in wide binary systems
• TOI-532b: The Habitable-zone Planet Finder confirms a Large Super Neptune in the Neptune Desert orbiting a metal-rich M dwarf host
• An eccentric Brown Dwarf eclipsing an M dwarf
• The Habitable-zone Planet Finder Detects a Terrestrial-mass Planet Candidate Closely Orbiting Gliese 1151: The Likely Source of Coherent Low-frequency Radio Emission from an Inactive Star
• Chromatic Drift of the Espresso Fabry-Pérot Etalon
• Rotational modulation of spectroscopic Zeeman signatures in low-mass stars
• Ultra-Efficient On-Chip Supercontinuum Generation from Sign-Alternating-Dispersion Waveguides
• Erbium-doped-fiber-based broad visible range frequency comb with a 30 GHz mode spacing for astronomical applications
• It takes two planets in resonance to tango around K2-146
• A "blue ring nebula" surrounding a thousands of years old stellar merger
• The Epoch of Giant Planet Migration Planet Search Program. I. Near-Infrared Radial Velocity Jitter of Young Sun-like Stars
• Spatially resolved spectroscopy across stellar surfaces. V. Observational prospects: Toward Earth-like exoplanet detection
• Solar Contamination in Extreme Precision Radial Velocity Measurements: Deleterious Effects and Prospects for Mitigation
• High resolution near-infrared spectroscopy of a flare around the ultracool dwarf vB 10
• Joint Modeling of Radial Velocities and Photometry with a Gaussian Process Framework
• All-Optical Noise Quenching of An Integrated Frequency Comb
• The unusual M-dwarf Warm Jupiter TOI-1899~b: Refinement of orbital and planetary parameters
• A hot Mars-sized exoplanet transiting an M dwarf
• Chemical Compositions of Red Giant Stars from Habitable Zone Planet Finder Spectroscopy
• Technical description and performance of the phase II version of the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer
• A Harsh Test of Far-Field Scrambling with the Habitable Zone Planet Finder and the Hobby Eberly Telescope
• Calibrating Iodine Cells for Precise Radial Velocities
• Following the TraCS of exoplanets with Pan-Planets: Wendelstein-1b and Wendelstein-2b
• Characterization of low-mass companions to $\text{Kepler}$ objects of interest observed with APOGEE-N
• The SPIRou Legacy Survey: near-infrared and optical radial velocity analysis of Gl 480 and Gl 382 using SPIRou, HARPS and CARMENES spectrographs
• Search for giant planets in M67 V: a warm Jupiter orbiting the turn-off star S1429
• Using birefringent elements and imaging Michelsons for calibration of high precision planet finding spectrographs
• A Search for Planetary Metastable Helium Absorption in the V1298 Tau System
• TOI-3757 b: A low density gas giant orbiting a solar-metallicity M dwarf
• Non-detection of Helium in the upper atmospheres of TRAPPIST-1b, e and f
• Searching for GEMS: Three warm Saturns and a super-Jupiter orbiting four early M-dwarfs