The Habitable-zone Planet Finder Detects a Terrestrial-mass Planet Candidate Closely Orbiting Gliese 1151: The Likely Source of Coherent Low-frequency Radio Emission from an Inactive Star

Abstract

The coherent low-frequency radio emission detected by LOFAR from Gliese 1151, a quiescent M4.5 dwarf star, has radio emission properties consistent with theoretical expectations of star-planet interactions for an Earth-sized planet on a 1-5 day orbit. New near-infrared radial velocities from the Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) spectrometer on the 10m Hobby-Eberly Telescope at McDonald Observatory, combined with previous velocities from HARPS-N, reveal a periodic Doppler signature consistent with an $m\sin i=2.5\pm 0.5M_{\oplus }$ exoplanet on a 2.02-day orbit. Precise photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) shows no flares or activity signature, consistent with a quiescent M dwarf. While no planetary transit is detected in the TESS data, a weak photometric modulation is detectable in the photometry at a $\sim 2$ day period. This independent detection of a candidate planet signal with the Doppler radial-velocity technique adds further weight to the claim of the first detection of star-exoplanet interactions at radio wavelengths, and helps validate this emerging technique for the detection of exoplanets.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters

References in corpus (55)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray
• dynesty: A Dynamic Nested Sampling Package for Estimating Bayesian Posteriors and Evidences
• The generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram. A new formalism for the floating-mean and Keplerian periodograms
• Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1
• batman: BAsic Transit Model cAlculatioN in Python
• Kepler Presearch Data Conditioning II - A Bayesian Approach to Systematic Error Correction
• The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List
• A box-fitting algorithm in the search for periodic transits
• The TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List
• Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds
• RadVel: The Radial Velocity Modeling Toolkit
• Spectrum radial velocity analyser (SERVAL). High-precision radial velocities and two alternative spectral indicators
• The HARPS-TERRA project I. Description of the algorithms, performance and new measurements on a few remarkable stars observed by HARPS
• Juliet: a versatile modelling tool for transiting and non-transiting exoplanetary systems
• Radial velocity planets de-aliased. A new, short period for Super-Earth 55 Cnc e
• Stellar Activity Masquerading as Planets in the Habitable Zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581
• The On/Off Nature of Star-Planet Interactions
• The rotation and Galactic kinematics of mid M dwarfs in the Solar Neighborhood
• Hot Jupiters and Hot Spots: The Short- and Long-term Chromospheric Activity on Stars with Giant Planets
• SOAP 2.0: A tool to estimate the photometric and radial velocity variations induced by stellar spots and plages
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: High-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of 324 survey stars
• Long-term magnetic activity of a sample of M-dwarf stars from the HARPS program I. Comparison of activity indices
• Detecting Planets Around Very Low Mass Stars with the Radial Velocity Method
• TESS Discovery of a Transiting Super-Earth in the $\pi$ Mensae System
• The Habitable-Zone Planet Finder: A Stabilized Fiber-Fed NIR Spectrograph for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
• The low-level radial velocity variability in Barnard's star (=GJ 699). Secular acceleration, indications for convective redshift, and planet mass limits
• Kepler Planet Occurrence Rates for Mid-Type M Dwarfs as a Function of Spectral Type
• Magnetospherically driven optical and radio aurorae at the end of the stellar main sequence
• Ten Year Review of Queue Scheduling of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
• Stellar Spectroscopy in the Near-infrared with a Laser Frequency Comb
• BGLS: A Bayesian formalism for the generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram
• Stellar coronal magnetic fields and star-planet interaction
• Coherent radio emission from a quiescent red dwarf indicative of star-planet interaction
• Magnetic field strengths of hot Jupiters from signals of star-planet interactions
• Python Leap Second Management and Implementation of Precise Barycentric Correction (barycorrpy)
• H-alpha Activity of Old M Dwarfs: Stellar Cycles and Mean Activity Levels For 93 Low-Mass Stars in the Solar Neighborhood
• The search for radio emission from the exoplanetary systems 55 Cancri, $\upsilon$ Andromedae, and $\tau$ Boötis using LOFAR beam-formed observations
• The astrophysics of visible-light orbital phase curves in the space age
• A Versatile Technique to Enable sub-milli-Kelvin Instrument Stability for Precise Radial Velocity Measurements: Tests with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder
• A Flare-Type IV Burst Event from Proxima Centauri and Implications for Space Weather
• A sub-Neptune sized planet transiting the M2.5-dwarf G 9-40: Validation with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder
• Monitoring the radio emission of Proxima Centauri
• Exoplanet-induced radio emission from M-dwarfs
• Towards Understanding Stellar Radial Velocity Jitter as a Function of Wavelength: The Sun as a Proxy
• Agatha: disentangling periodic signals from correlated noise in a periodogram framework
• Wobble: A Data-driven Analysis Technique for Time-series Stellar Spectra
• Time-variable electromagnetic star-planet interaction: The TRAPPIST-1 system as an exemplary case
• Optical variability of the ultracool dwarf TVLM 513-46546: evidence for inhomogeneous dust clouds
• No Massive Companion to the Coherent Radio-Emitting M Dwarf GJ 1151
• A Deep Radio Limit for the TRAPPIST-1 System
• The corona of GJ 1151 in the context of star-planet interaction
• Aliasing in the Radial Velocities of YZ Ceti: An Ultra-Short Period for YZ Ceti c?

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Planet-induced radio emission from the coronae of M dwarfs: the case of Prox Cen and AU Mic
• The TESS View of LOFAR Radio-Emitting Stars
• The Hubble PanCET program: Long-term chromospheric evolution and flaring activity of the M dwarf host GJ 3470
• Detection of coherent low-frequency radio bursts from weak-line TTauri stars
• EvryFlare IV: Detection of periodicity in flare occurrence from cool stars with TESS