The HD 260655 system: Two rocky worlds transiting a bright M dwarf at 10 pc

Abstract

We report the discovery of a multi-planetary system transiting the M0 V dwarf HD 260655 (GJ 239, TOI-4599). The system consists of at least two transiting planets, namely HD 260655 b, with a period of 2.77 d, a radius of R${}_b$ = 1.240$\pm$0.023 R${}_{\oplus }$, a mass of M${}_b$ = 2.14$\pm$0.34 M${}_{\oplus }$, and a bulk density of ${\rho }_b$ = 6.2$\pm$1.0 g cm${}^{-3}$, and HD 260655 c, with a period of 5.71 d, a radius of R${}_c$ = 1.533${}_{-0.046}^{+0.051}$ R${}_{\oplus }$, a mass of M${}_c$ = 3.09$\pm$0.48 M${}_{\oplus }$, and a bulk density of ${\rho }_c$ = 4.7${}_{-0.8}^{+0.9}$ g cm${}^{-3}$. The planets were detected in transit by the TESS mission and confirmed independently with archival and new precise radial velocities obtained with the HIRES and CARMENES instruments since 1998 and 2016, respectively. At a distance of 10 pc, HD 260655 becomes the fourth closest known multi-transiting planet system after HD 219134, LTT 1445 A, and AU Mic. Due to the apparent brightness of the host star (J = 6.7 mag), both planets are among the most suitable rocky worlds known today for atmospheric studies with the JWST, both in transmission and emission.

24 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

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