petitRADTRANS: a Python radiative transfer package for exoplanet characterization and retrieval
arXiv:1904.11504 · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935470
Abstract
We present the easy-to-use, publicly available, Python package petitRADTRANS, built for the spectral characterization of exoplanet atmospheres. The code is fast, accurate, and versatile; it can calculate both transmission and emission spectra within a few seconds at low resolution ( = 1000; correlated-k method) and high resolution (; line-by-line method), using only a few lines of input instruction. The somewhat slower correlated-k method is used at low resolution because it is more accurate than methods such as opacity sampling. Clouds can be included and treated using wavelength-dependent power law opacities, or by using optical constants of real condensates, specifying either the cloud particle size, or the atmospheric mixing and particle settling strength. Opacities of amorphous or crystalline, spherical or irregularly-shaped cloud particles are available. The line opacity database spans temperatures between 80 and 3000 K, allowing to model fluxes of objects such as terrestrial planets, super-Earths, Neptunes, or hot Jupiters, if their atmospheres are hydrogen-dominated. Higher temperature points and species will be added in the future, allowing to also model the class of ultra hot-Jupiters, with equilibrium temperatures K. Radiative transfer results were tested by cross-verifying the low- and high-resolution implementation of petitRADTRANS, and benchmarked with the petitCODE, which itself is also benchmarked to the ATMO and Exo-REM codes. We successfully carried out test retrievals of synthetic JWST emission and transmission spectra (for the hot Jupiter TrES-4b, which has a of 1800 K). The code is publicly available at http://gitlab.com/mauricemolli/petitRADTRANS, and its documentation can be found at https://petitradtrans.readthedocs.io.
17 pages, 7 figures, published in A&A
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- ExoMol line lists -- LIII: Empirical Rovibronic spectra of Yttrium Oxide (YO)
- Detection of rubidium and samarium in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter MASCARA-4b
- A closer look at LTT 9779b: The ESPRESSO endeavour to pierce the atmospheric veil
- The multi-planet system TOI-421 -- A warm Neptune and a super puffy mini-Neptune transiting a G9 V star in a visual binary
- Thermal Emission from the hot Jupiter WASP-103b in J and Ks Bands
- The GAPS Programme at TNG. XXX: Characterization of the low-density gas giant HAT-P-67 b with GIARPS
- Characterising the Atmosphere of 55 Cancri e: 1D Forward Model Grid for Current and Future JWST Observations
- Radial velocity confirmation of a hot super-Neptune discovered by TESS with a warm Saturn-mass companion
- The impact of spectral line wing cut-off: Recommended standard method with application to MAESTRO opacity database
- Refractory and Volatile Species in the UV-to-IR Transmission Spectrum of Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-178b with HST and JWST
- Retrieving day- and nightside atmospheric properties of the ultra-hot Jupiter TOI-2109b. Detection of Fe and CO emission lines and evidence for inefficient heat transport
- Flow Matching for Atmospheric Retrieval of Exoplanets: Where Reliability meets Adaptive Noise Levels
- New perspectives on MASCARA-1b: A combined analysis of pre- and post-eclipse emission data using CRIRES+
- PDS 70b Shows Stellar-like Carbon-to-oxygen Ratio
- The ESO SupJup Survey VIII. Chemical fingerprints of young L dwarf twins
- HORuS transmission spectroscopy and revised planetary parameters of KELT-7b
- Pursuing Truth: Improving Retrievals on Mid-Infrared Exo-Earth Spectra with Physically Motivated Water Abundance Profiles and Cloud Models
- Interior redox state effects on the stability of secondary atmospheres and observational manifestations: LP 791-18 d as a case study for outgassing rocky exoplanets
- Measuring titanium isotope ratios in exoplanet atmospheres
- Extreme winds on the emerging dayside of an ultrahot Jupiter
- Parameterizing pressure-temperature profiles of exoplanet atmospheres with neural networks
- PICASO 4.0: Clouds and Photochemistry in Climate Models of Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets
- Cthulhu: An Open Source Molecular and Atomic Cross Section Computation Code for Substellar Atmospheres
- Spectral signature of atmospheric winds in high resolution transit observations
- Chemical evolution imprints in the rare isotopes of nearby M dwarfs
- CROCODILE \\ Incorporating medium-resolution spectroscopy of close-in directly imaged exoplanets into atmospheric retrievals via cross-correlation
- The Tianlin Mission: a 6m UV/Opt/IR space telescope to explore the habitable worlds and the universe
- Tracing the Inner Edge of the Habitable Zone with Sulfur Chemistry
- The strange case of Na I in the atmosphere of HD209458 b: Reconciling low- and high-resolution spectroscopic observations G
- Strong NUV Refractory Absorption and Dissociated Water in the Hubble Transmission Spectrum of the Ultra Hot Jupiter KELT-20 b
- ATMOSPHERIX: III- Estimating the C/O ratio and molecular dynamics at the limbs of WASP-76 b with SPIRou
- Carbon-rich Sub-Neptune Interiors Are Compatible with JWST Observations
- GEMS JWST: Transmission spectroscopy of TOI-5205b reveals significant stellar contamination and a metal-poor atmosphere
- Under the magnifying glass: A combined 3D model applied to cloudy warm Saturn type exoplanets around M-dwarfs
- Evidence of Titanate Clouds in the Day-side Atmosphere of the Ultra-Hot Jupiter WASP-121b
- ACCESS: Tentative detection of HO in the ground-based optical transmission spectrum of the low-density hot Saturn HATS-5b
- The effect of spectroscopic binning on atmospheric retrievals
- Tighter constraints on the atmosphere of GJ 436 b from combined high-resolution CARMENES and CRIRES observations
- Detectability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere of WASP-6 b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM
- The SPACE Program. I. The featureless spectrum of HD 86226 c challenges sub-Neptune atmosphere trends
- High-resolution transmission spectroscopy of the hot-Saturn HD 149026b
- High-contrast spectroscopy with the new VLT/ERIS instrument: Molecular maps and radial velocity of the gas giant AF Lep b
- Exploring the atmosphere of GJ 1132 b with CRIRES+
- Osiris revisited: Confirming a solar metallicity and low C/O in HD 209458b
- Radiative Transfer and Inversion codes for characterizing planetary atmospheres: an overview
- Simultaneous multicolour transit photometry of hot Jupiters HAT-P-19b, HAT-P-51b, HAT-P-55b, and HAT-P-65b
- A Detailed Investigation of HD 209458 b HST & JWST Transmission Spectra with SANSAR
- Disentangling disc and atmospheric signatures of young brown dwarfs with JWST/NIRSpec
- Distinct Rotational Evolution of Giant Planets and Brown Dwarf Companions
- Can Carbon Fractionation Provide Evidence for Aerial Biospheres in the Atmospheres of Temperate Sub-Neptunes?
- A re-analysis of equilibrium chemistry in five hot Jupiters
- A Comprehensive Analysis of the Panchromatic Transmission Spectrum of the Hot-Saturn WASP-96 b: Nondetection of Haze, Possible Sodium Limb Asymmetry, Stellar Characterization, and Formation History
- PEPSI Investigation, Retrieval, and Atlas of Numerous Giant Atmospheres (PIRANGA). III. Composition and winds in the atmosphere of TOI-1518 b
- Can Isotopologues Be Used as Biosignature Gases in Exoplanet Atmospheres?
- An Early Look at the Performance of IGRINS-2 at Gemini-North with Application to the ultrahot Jupiter, WASP-33 b
- Detection and characterisation of a 106-day transiting Jupiter : TOI-2449 b / NGTS-36 b
- Differentiable Modeling of Planet and Substellar Atmosphere: High-Resolution Emission, Transmission, and Reflection Spectroscopy with ExoJAX2
- Atmospheric composition of WASP-85Ab with ESPRESSO/VLT observations
- Detection of CO, CO, and HO in the atmosphere of the warm sub-Saturn HAT-P-12b
- Detection of Na in the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-55b
- The mid-infrared spectrum of Pictoris b. First VLTI/MATISSE interferometric observations of an exoplanet
- Surface pressure impact on nitrogen-dominated USP super-Earth atmospheres
- Inhomogeneous magnetic coupling in exoplanets: the stop & go of WASP-18 b's atmospheric flows
- The GAPS Programme at TNG. LXIX.The Dayside of WASP-76b revealed by GIANO-B, HARPS-N and ESPRESSO: Evidence for Three-Dimensional Atmospheric Effects
- SVEEEETIES: Singular vector expansion to estimate Earth-like exoplanet temperatures from infrared emission spectra
- From CO- to HO-dominated atmospheres and back -- How mixed outgassing changes the volatile distribution in magma oceans around M dwarf stars
- Tracing bulk elemental ratios in exoplanetary atmospheres with TiO chemistry
- Consequences of Non-Gaussian Instrumental Noise in Perturbed Nulling Interferometers
- Open Source High-Resolution Exoplanet Atmosphere Retrievals with POSEIDON
- Reliability of 1D radiative-convective photochemical-equilibrium retrievals on transit spectra of WASP-107b
- Magnetic field strengths of hot giant exoplanets consistent with Solar System values
- Transmission spectroscopy of WASP-7 b with UVES -- Detection of Na I D and tentative D line absorption
- PEPSI Investigation, Retrieval, and Atlas of Numerous Giant Atmospheres (PIRANGA). IV. High-Resolution Phased-Resolved Spectroscopy of The Ultra Hot Jupiter KELT-20 b
- Atmospheric heat redistribution effect on Emission spectra of Hot-Jupiters
- Rapid characterization of exoplanet atmospheres with the Exoplanet Transmission Spectroscopy Imager (ETSI)
- PEPSI's non-detection of escaping hydrogen and metal lines adds to the enigma of WASP-12 b
- Accelerating exoplanet climate modelling: A machine learning approach to complement 3D GCM grid simulations
- Direct Images of CO2 Absorption in the Atmosphere of a Super-Jupiter: Enhanced Metallicity Suggestive of Formation in a Disk
- HyDRo: Atmospheric Retrieval of Rocky Exoplanets in Thermal Emission
- First Results from WINERED: Detection of Emission Lines from Neutral Iron and a Combined Set of Trace Species on the Dayside of WASP-189 b
- Probing the geological setting of exoplanets through atmospheric analysis: using Mars as a test case
- Unraveling the Mystery of the Peculiar and Young Hot Jupiter CoRoT-2b. I. HO and CO Detection from Dayside Observations with Gemini-S/IGRINS
- TelescopeML -- I. An End-to-End Python Package for Interpreting Telescope Datasets through Training Machine Learning Models, Generating Statistical Reports, and Visualizing Results
- GJ 238 b: A 0.57 Earth Radius Planet Orbiting an M2.5 Dwarf Star at 15.2 pc
- Thermal emission spectra of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33 b
- Evidence for stellar contamination and water absorption in NGTS-5b's transmission spectra with GTC/OSIRIS
- Methane on the temperate exo-Saturn TOI-199b
- New models of reflection spectra for terrestrial exoplanets: Present and prebiotic Earth orbiting around stars of different spectral types
- Examining the detectability of ringing on highly eccentric exoplanets
- Assessing robustness and bias in 1D retrievals of 3D Global Circulation Models at high spectral resolution: a WASP-76 b simulation case study in emission
- Revisiting the atmosphere of HAT-P-70b with CARMENES high-resolution transmission spectroscopy
- Next-generation Exo-REM atmospheric models: application to VHS 1256 b to emulate patchy clouds
- Pre-computed aerosol extinction, scattering and asymmetry grids for scalable atmospheric retrievals
- The effect of a biosphere on the habitable timespan of stagnant-lid planets and implications for the atmospheric spectrum
- CARMENES detection of the CaII infrared triplet and possible evidence of HeI in the atmosphere of WASP-76b
- JWST high-contrast spectroscopy with speckle modelling: Atmospheric retrievals of the T dwarf companion HD 19467 B
- Sensitivity of Dry Lava Planet Atmospheric Emission Spectra to Changes in Lava Compositions
- Panchromatic View of the Frigid Jovian Exoplanet COCONUTS-2 b
- Using observations of escaping H/He to constrain the atmospheric composition of sub-Neptunes
- Multicolour Validation of Two Temperate Mini-Neptunes Around M-dwarf Habitable Zones
- JWST unveils a high mean molecular weight atmosphere for mini-Neptune TOI-1130b: Evidence for formation beyond the water ice line
- Disentangling auroral, cloud and magnetic spot driven variability in three early L-dwarfs with HST/WFC3
- Interaction between vegetation and Snowball phases in the late Proterozoic Earth
- All along the line of sight: a closer look at opening angles and absorption regions in the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets
- Atmospheric characterization of HIP 67522 b with VLT/CRIRES+. VLT/CRIRES+ suggests a heavier planet and hints at deuterium fractionation
- Refining the Masses and Radii of the Star Kepler-33 and its Five Transiting Planets
- : Accelerating Bayesian atmospheric retrievals with transformer neural networks
- A Cloudy Fit to the Atmosphere of WASP-107 b
- Deep Mantle-Atmosphere Coupling and Carbonaceous Bombardment: Options for Biomolecule Formation on an Oxidized Early Earth
- GCM-Motivated Multidimensional Temperature Parametrization Scheme for Phasecurve Retrieval
- JWST-TST High Contrast: First Direct Spectroscopy of GJ 504 b reveals Clouds and Possible Metal Enrichment
- Using chromatic covariance to correct for scintillation noise in ground-based spectrophotometry
- Panchromatic characterization of the Y0 brown dwarf WISEP J173835.52+273258.9 using JWST/MIRI
- The breaking of cold traps and onset of titanium in ultra-hot Jupiter atmospheres: WASP-189b in context
- Linking atmospheric chemistry of the hot Jupiter HD 209458b to its formation location through infrared transmission and emission spectra
- Confirmation of Fe I on MASCARA-5 b's Dayside Observed With EXPRES