Cthulhu: An Open Source Molecular and Atomic Cross Section Computation Code for Substellar Atmospheres

Abstract

Atmospheric studies of exoplanets and brown dwarfs are a cutting-edge and rapidly evolving area of astrophysics research. Calculating models of exoplanet or brown dwarf spectra requires knowledge of the wavelength-dependent absorption of light (cross sections) by the molecules and atoms in the atmosphere. Here we introduce Cthulhu, a pure Python package that rapidly calculates cross sections from atomic and molecular line lists. Cthulhu includes modules to automatically download molecular line lists from online databases (e.g. ExoMol and HITRAN) and compute cross sections on a user-specified temperature, pressure, and wavenumber grid. Cthulhu requires only CPUs and can run on a user's laptop (for smaller line lists with < 100 million lines) or on a large cluster in parallel (for many billion lines). Cthulhu includes in-depth Jupyter tutorials in the online documentation. Finally, Cthulhu can be used as an educational tool to demystify the process of making cross sections for atmospheric models.

7 pages, 1 figure, published in JOSS. Summon Cthulhu at https://cthulhu.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

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Cited by in corpus (3)

• Transmission spectroscopy of WASP-52 b with JWST NIRISS: Water and helium atmospheric absorption, alongside prominent star-spot crossings
• Cloudy mornings and clear evenings on a gas giant exoplanet
• Piercing through the Haze: Characterizing Titan-like terrestrial exoplanets with JWST