The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Abstract

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.

arXiv commentAccepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figures

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Cited by in corpus (173)

• A CEERS Discovery of an Accreting Supermassive Black Hole 570 Myr after the Big Bang: Identifying a Progenitor of Massive z > 6 Quasars
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• JADES NIRSpec Initial Data Release for the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Redshifts and Line Fluxes of Distant Galaxies from the Deepest JWST Cycle 1 NIRSpec Multi-Object Spectroscopy
• The James Webb Space Telescope Mission: Optical Telescope Element Design, Development, and Performance
• Are the ultra-high-redshift galaxies at z > 10 surprising in the context of standard galaxy formation models?
• RUBIES: a complete census of the bright and red distant Universe with JWST/NIRSpec
• The JWST-PRIMAL Legacy Survey. A JWST/NIRSpec reference sample for the physical properties and Lyman-$\alpha$ absorption and emission of $\sim 500$ galaxies at $z=5.5-13.4$
• JADES: A large population of obscured, narrow line AGN at high redshift
• First Sample of H$\alpha$+[O III] $\lambda$5007 Line Emitters at $z>6$ Through JWST/NIRCam Slitless Spectroscopy: Physical Properties and Line Luminosity Functions
• JADES: The incidence rate and properties of galactic outflows in low-mass galaxies across 3 < z < 9
• An extremely metal poor star complex in the reionization era: Approaching Population III stars with JWST
• GA-NIFS: Black hole and host galaxy properties of two z$\simeq$6.8 quasars from the NIRSpec IFU
• New AGN diagnostic diagrams based on the [OIII]$\lambda 4363$ auroral line
• From super-Earths to sub-Neptunes: Observational constraints and connections to theoretical models
• GA-NIFS: The core of an extremely massive proto-cluster at the Epoch of Reionization probed with JWST/NIRSpec
• A JWST Survey of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A
• UNCOVER: 404 Error -- Models Not Found for the Triply Imaged Little Red Dot A2744-QSO1
• Peering into cosmic reionization: the Ly$\alpha$ visibility evolution from galaxies at $z$ = 4.5-8.5 with JWST
• Seven wonders of Cosmic Dawn: JWST confirms a high abundance of galaxies and AGNs at z $\simeq$ 9-11 in the GLASS field
• JWST: Deuterated PAHs, PAH-nitriles, and PAH Overtone and Combination Bands I: Program Description and First Look
• RUBIES: A Spectroscopic Census of Little Red Dots; All V-Shaped Point Sources Have Broad Lines
• ASTRODEEP-JWST: NIRCam-HST multiband photometry and redshifts for half a million sources in six extragalactic deep fields
• Ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4SH) as a potentially significant sulfur sink in interstellar ices
• JWST Observations of Young protoStars (JOYS): overview of program and early results
• JADES: Primaeval Lyman-$\alpha$ emitting galaxies reveal early sites of reionisation out to redshift $z\sim 9$
• The Structure of Massive Star-Forming Galaxies from JWST and ALMA: Dusty, High Redshift Disk Galaxies
• GATOS: missing molecular gas in the outflow of NGC5728 revealed by JWST
• JADES + JEMS: A Detailed Look at the Buildup of Central Stellar Cores and Suppression of Star Formation in Galaxies at Redshifts 3 < z < 4.5
• The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). V: Unveiling PAH survival and resilience in the circumnuclear regions of AGN with JWST
• Investigating photometric and spectroscopic variability in the multiply-imaged Little Red Dot A2744-QSO1
• Unveiling the hidden universe with JWST: The contribution of dust-obscured galaxies to the stellar mass function at $z\sim 3-8$
• A new census of dust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at z=0.7-2 with JWST MIRI
• The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). (IV): Exploring Ionized Gas Outflows in Central Kiloparsec Regions of GATOS Seyferts
• A quasar-galaxy merger at $z\sim 6.2$: black hole mass and quasar properties from the NIRSpec spectrum
• Near-infrared emission line diagnostics for AGN from the local Universe to redshift 3
• Insight into the Starburst Nature of Galaxy GN-z11 with JWST MIRI Spectroscopy
• No [CII] or dust detection in two Little Red Dots at z${}_{\mathrm{spec}}$ > 7
• Imaging detection of the inner dust belt and the four exoplanets in the HR8799 system with JWST's MIRI coronagraph
• JWST/CEERS sheds light on dusty star-forming galaxies: forming bulges, lopsidedness and outside-in quenching at cosmic noon
• The NIRSpec Wide GTO Survey
• Spatially-resolved H$\alpha$ and ionizing photon production efficiency in the lensed galaxy MACS1149-JD1 at a redshift of 9.11
• Density modulated star formation efficiency: implications for the observed abundance of ultra-violet luminous galaxies at z>10
• A biconical ionised gas outflow and evidence for positive feedback in NGC 7172 uncovered by MIRI/JWST
• Narrow line AGN selection in CEERS: spectroscopic selection, physical properties, X-ray and radio analysis
• Water depletion and 15NH3 in the atmosphere of the coldest brown dwarf observed with JWST/MIRI
• A quasar-galaxy merger at $z\sim 6.2$: rapid host growth via accretion of two massive satellite galaxies
• Physical properties of extreme emission-line galaxies at $z\sim 4-9$ from the JWST CEERS survey
• JWST-TST DREAMS: NIRSpec/PRISM Transmission Spectroscopy of the Habitable Zone Planet TRAPPIST-1 e
• Metal enrichment and evolution in four z > 6.5 quasar sightlines observed with JWST/NIRSpec
• A First Look at Spatially Resolved Star Formation at $4.8<z<6.5$ with JWST FRESCO NIRCam Slitless Spectroscopy
• End-to-end numerical modeling of the Roman Space Telescope coronagraph
• JOYS+ study of solid state ${}^{12}$C/${}^{13}$C isotope ratios in protostellar envelopes: Observations of CO and CO${}_2$ ice with JWST
• MIRI Deep Imaging Survey (MIDIS) of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• MICONIC: Dual active galactic nuclei, star formation, and ionised gas outflows in NGC 6240 seen with MIRI/JWST
• GA-NIFS and EIGER: A merging quasar host at z=7 with an overmassive black hole
• The ESO SupJup Survey IV. Unveiling the carbon isotope ratio of GQ Lup B and its host star
• Evidence for SiO cloud nucleation in the rogue planet PSO J318
• Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE). X. Detectability of currently known exoplanets and synergies with future IR/O/UV reflected-starlight imaging missions
• Molecular gas stratification and disturbed kinematics in the Seyfert galaxy MCG-05-23-16 revealed by JWST and ALMA
• JWST-TST High Contrast: JWST/NIRCam observations of the young giant planet $\beta$ Pic b
• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission in the Central Regions of Three Seyferts the Implication for Underlying Feedback Mechanisms
• PANORAMIC: Discovery of an Ultra-Massive Grand-Design Spiral Galaxy at $z\sim 5.2$
• Characterisation of the Warm-Jupiter TOI-1130 system with CHEOPS and photo-dynamical approach
• Non-parametric reconstruction of cosmological observables using Gaussian Processes Regression
• Dust beyond the torus: Revealing the mid-infrared heart of local Seyfert ESO 428-G14 with JWST/MIRI
• The Manhattan Suite: Accelerated galaxy evolution in the early Universe
• JADES: Rest-frame UV-to-NIR Size Evolution of Massive Quiescent Galaxies from Redshift z=5 to z=0.5
• The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program. IV. Data release of 263 spectra from 245 unique sources
• UNCOVERing the High-redshift AGN Population among Extreme UV Line Emitters
• PEARLS: NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Extragalactic Survey of the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time-Domain Field II
• The Potential Danger to Satellites due to Ejecta from a 2032 Lunar Impact by Asteroid 2024 YR4
• Knobs and dials of retrieving JWST transmission spectra. I. The importance of p-T profile complexity
• Revisiting the Helium and Hydrogen Accretion Indicators at TWA 27B: Weak Mass Flow at Near-Freefall Velocity
• Habitable Zone and Atmosphere Retention Distance (HaZARD) Stellar-evolution-dependent loss models of secondary atmospheres
• Coordinated JWST Imaging of Three Distance Indicators in a SN Host Galaxy and an Estimate of the TRGB Color Dependence
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• Role of Planetary Radius on Atmospheric Escape of Rocky Exoplanets
• JADES Ultra-red Flattened Objects: Morphologies and Spatial Gradients in Color and Stellar Populations
• MIDIS. Near-infrared rest-frame morphology of massive galaxies at $3<z<5$ in the Hubble eXtreme Deep Field
• JWST/MIRI unveils the stellar component of the GN20 dusty galaxy overdensity at $z$=4.05
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• GA-NIFS: Mapping $z\simeq 3.5$ AGN-driven ionized outflows in the COSMOS field
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• An Algorithm to Mitigate Charge Migration Effects in Data from the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph on the James Webb Space Telescope
• The ionizing photon production efficiency of star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 4-10$
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• PROJECT-J: the shocking H2 outflow from HH46
• Cthulhu: An Open Source Molecular and Atomic Cross Section Computation Code for Substellar Atmospheres
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• Possible environmental quenching in an interacting little red dot pair at $z\sim 7$
• The Formation of Electron-capture Supernovae: A Review
• When relics were made: vigorous stellar rotation and low dark matter content in the massive ultra-compact galaxy GS-9209 at z=4.66
• Spelunker: A quick-look Python pipeline for JWST NIRISS FGS Guide Star Data
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• Are there more galaxies than we see around high-$z$ quasars?
• The ExoGRAVITY survey: A K-band spectral library of giant exoplanet and brown dwarf companions
• JWST/MIRI observations of the young TWA 27 system: hydrocarbon disk chemistry, silicate clouds, evidence for a CPD
• Extended source fringe flats for the JWST MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrometer
• The Importance of Dust Distribution in Ionizing-photon Escape: NIRCam and MIRI Imaging of a Lyman Continuum-emitting Galaxy at z ~ 3.8
• New Methods of Identifying AGN in the Early Universe using Spectroscopy and Photometry in the JWST Era
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• Predicting Astrometric Microlensing Events from Gaia DR3
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• Formation of Substructure in Luminous Submillimeter Galaxies (FOSSILS): Evidence of Multiple Pathways to Trigger Starbursts in Luminous Submillimeter Galaxies
• Reionization Parameter Inference from 3D Minkowski Functionals of the 21 cm Signals
• The atmospheres of rocky exoplanets III. Using atmospheric spectra to constrain surface rock composition
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• JOYS: Linking the molecular ice and gas-phase composition towards the high-mass hot core IRAS 18089-1732
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• Knobs and dials of retrieving JWST transmission spectra. II. Impacts of pipeline-level differences on retrieval posteriors
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• A Pair of Dynamically Interacting Sub-Neptunes Around TOI-6054
• Compact dust-obscured star-formation and the origin of the galaxy bimodality
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• Unveiling the Dark Side of UV/Optical Bright Galaxies: Optically Thick Dust Absorption
• Testing Photometric Techniques for Measuring the Rest-Frame UV Spectral Slope Against JWST PRISM Spectroscopy
• Ultra High-Redshift or Closer-by, Dust-Obscured Galaxies? Deciphering the Nature of Faint, Previously Missed F200W-Dropouts in CEERS
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• Measurement of the Electric Dipole Moment of AlCl by Stark Level Spectroscopy
• Reconstructing the Assembly of Massive Galaxies. III: Quiescent Galaxies Loose Angular Momentum as They Evolve in a Mass-dependent Fashion
• The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS): N. Unveiling physical processes in local active galaxies. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of JWST MIRI/MRS observations
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• Using Strong Lensing to Detect Subhalos with Steep Inner Density Profiles
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• Collisional Excitation in Space: Recent Advances and Future Challenges in the JWST Era
• The Evolving Power Spectrum for the light cone Epoch of Reionization (EoR) 21-cm signal
• Temporal Changes in the Infrared Spectra of Magellanic Carbon Stars
• TelescopeML -- I. An End-to-End Python Package for Interpreting Telescope Datasets through Training Machine Learning Models, Generating Statistical Reports, and Visualizing Results
• Quiescent Host Galaxies of Extended Quasars Revealed by Spectrophotometric Decomposition
• A MaNGA about the Legacy I: Connecting the Assembly of Stellar Halo with the Average Star Formation History in Low-Redshift Massive Galaxies
• Excess of substructure due to primordial black holes
• JWST NIRSpec's Cosmic Ray Experience at L2
• The $10\mathrm{kpc}$ collar of early-type galaxies -- probing evolution by focusing on the inner stellar density profile
• Accelerating reionization constraints: An ANN-emulator framework for the SCRIPT Semi-numerical Model
• LBT Italia: Current Achievements and Future Directions
• Power spectrum multipoles and clustering wedges during the Epoch of Reionization
• Can AI Dream of Unseen Galaxies? Conditional Diffusion Model for Galaxy Morphology Augmentation
• The HOSTS Survey: Suspected variable dust emission and constraints on companions around θ Boo
• Extreme equivalent width-selected low-mass starbursts at $z=4-9$: insights into their role in cosmic reionization
• Gaia FGK Benchmark Stars: Selecting Infrared Lines for Abundance Determination
• Uncertainty-Aware Neural Networks for Fuzzy Dark Matter Model Selection from \texorpdfstring{$x_{\mathrm{HI}}$}{x_HI} Measurements
• A Non-parametric Method for the Inference of Halo Occupation Distributions
• PDRs4All XVIII. JWST-NIRCam Photometric properties of protoplanetary disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster
• Information content of JWST transmission spectroscopy of the exoplanet HAT-P-12b from the optical to the mid-infrared
• Searching for GEMS: Three warm Saturns and a super-Jupiter orbiting four early M-dwarfs
• Exploring the gaseous halos of z>3 radio galaxies with UVES and JWST/NIRSpec
• pop-cosmos: Star formation over 12 Gyr from generative modelling of a deep infrared-selected galaxy catalogue