Moderately misaligned orbit of the warm sub-Saturn HD 332231 b

Abstract

Measurements of exoplanetary orbital obliquity angles for different classes of planets are an essential tool in testing various planet formation theories. Measurements for those transiting planets on relatively large orbital periods ($P$\,$>$\,10\,d) present a rather difficult observational challenge. Here we present the obliquity measurement for the warm sub-Saturn planet HD\,332231\,b, which was discovered through Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry of sectors 14 and 15, on a relatively large orbital period (18.7\,d). Through a joint analysis of previously obtained spectroscopic data and our newly obtained CARMENES transit observations, we estimated the spin-orbit misalignment angle, \textlambda, to be $-42.0_{-10.6}^{+11.3}$\,$°$, which challenges Laplacian ideals of planet formation. Through the addition of these new radial velocity (RV) data points obtained with CARMENES, we also derived marginal improvements on other orbital and bulk parameters for the planet, as compared to previously published values. We showed the robustness of the obliquity measurement through model comparison with an aligned orbit. Finally, we demonstrated the inability of the obtained data to probe any possible extended atmosphere of the planet, due to a lack of precision, and place the atmosphere in the context of a parameter detection space.

arXiv comment14 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (71)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
• A new extensive library of PHOENIX stellar atmospheres and synthetic spectra
• Molecfit: A general tool for telluric absorption correction. I. Method and application to ESO instruments
• Hot Stars with Hot Jupiters Have High Obliquities
• Obliquities of Hot Jupiter host stars: Evidence for tidal interactions and primordial misalignments
• Origins of Hot Jupiters
• The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets VII. Two short-period Saturnian companions to HD108147 and HD168746
• petitRADTRANS: a Python radiative transfer package for exoplanet characterization and retrieval
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. IV. Thirty systems with space-based light curves
• Hot Jupiters from Secular Planet--Planet Interactions
• Correcting systematic effects in a large set of photometric lightcurves
• Molecfit: A general tool for telluric absorption correction II. Quantitative evaluation on ESO-VLT X-Shooter spectra
• Spectrum radial velocity analyser (SERVAL). High-precision radial velocities and two alternative spectral indicators
• Detection of water absorption in the day side atmosphere of HD 189733 b using ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy at 3.2 microns
• Measurement of Spin-Orbit Alignment in an Extrasolar Planetary System
• Chaotic star formation and the alignment of stellar rotation with disc and planetary orbital axes
• The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect and analytic radial velocity curves for transiting extrasolar planetary systems
• Stellar Spin-Orbit Misalignment in a Multiplanet System
• Ground-based detection of an extended helium atmosphere in the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-69b
• Spectrally resolved helium absorption from the extended atmosphere of a warm Neptune-mass exoplanet
• A spectral survey of an ultra-hot Jupiter: Detection of metals in the transmission spectrum of KELT-9 b
• Long-Term Cycling of Kozai-Lidov Cycles: Extreme Eccentricities and Inclinations Excited by a Distant Eccentric Perturber
• HAT-P-7: A Retrograde or Polar Orbit, and a Third Body
• Hot Jupiters from Coplanar High-eccentricity Migration
• The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect of CoRoT-3b & HD189733b
• Atmospheric characterization of the ultra-hot Jupiter MASCARA-2b/KELT-20b
• Hot Exoplanet Atmospheres Resolved with Transit Spectroscopy (HEARTS) IV. A spectral inventory of atoms and molecules in the high-resolution transmission spectrum of WASP-121 b
• Detection of He I $\lambda 10830$ Å absorption on HD 189733 b with CARMENES high-resolution transmission spectroscopy
• Measurement of the Spin-Orbit Alignment in the Exoplanetary System HD 189733
• Atmospheric Rossiter-McLaughlin effect and transmission spectroscopy of WASP-121b with ESPRESSO
• Flat-relative optimal extraction. A quick and efficient algorithm for stabilised spectrographs
• High-resolution confirmation of an extended helium atmosphere around WASP-107b
• Hot Exoplanet Atmospheres Resolved with Transit Spectroscopy (HEARTS) - II. A broadened sodium feature on the ultra-hot giant WASP-76b
• Hot Exoplanet Atmospheres Resolved with Transit Spectroscopy (HEARTS) I. Detection of hot neutral sodium at high altitudes on WASP-49b
• Warm Jupiters Need Close "Friends" for High-Eccentricity Migration -- A Stringent Upper Limit on the Perturber's Separation
• Detection of sodium in the atmosphere of WASP-69b
• The hot dayside and asymmetric transit of WASP-189b seen by CHEOPS
• The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect in Exoplanet Research
• He I $\lambda$ 10830 Å in the transmission spectrum of HD 209458 b
• ESPRESSO high resolution transmission spectroscopy of WASP-76b
• Obliquity-Driven Sculpting of Exoplanetary Systems
• Mass loss rate and local thermodynamic state of KELT-9 b thermosphere from the hydrogen Balmer series
• Detection of neutral atomic species in the ultra-hot jupiter WASP-121b
• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG XVI: Measurement of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect of the transiting planetary systems HAT-P-3, HAT-P-12, HAT-P-22, WASP-39 and WASP-60
• Na I and H$\alpha$ absorption features in the atmosphere of MASCARA-2b/KELT-20b
• On the tidal origin of hot Jupiter stellar obliquity trends
• Confirmation of WASP-107b's extended Helium atmosphere with Keck II/NIRSPEC
• A He I upper atmosphere around the warm Neptune GJ 3470b
• Viscoelastic Tidal Dissipation in Giant Planets and Formation of Hot Jupiters Through High-Eccentricity Migration
• Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission XIV. CoRoT-11b: a transiting massive "hot-Jupiter" in a prograde orbit around a rapidly rotating F-type star
• Hydrogen and Sodium Absorption in the Optical Transmission Spectrum of WASP-12b
• High-resolution Transmission Spectroscopy of MASCARA-2 b with EXPRES
• The Time Dependence of hot Jupiters' Orbital Inclinations
• The post-transit tail of WASP-107b observed at 10830A
• Detection of the hydrogen Balmer lines in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b
• A Spectral Survey of WASP-19b with ESPRESSO
• Impact of micro-telluric lines on precise radial velocities and its correction
• The TESS-Keck Survey I: A Warm Sub-Saturn-mass Planet and a Caution about Stray Light in TESS Cameras
• Radial velocity information content of M dwarf spectra in the near-infrared
• Hot Exoplanet Atmospheres Resolved with Transit Spectroscopy (HEARTS) V. Detection of sodium on the bloated super-Neptune WASP-166b
• Stellar Obliquities in Long-period Exoplanet Systems (SOLES) I: The Spin-Orbit Alignment of K2-140 b
• Teetering Stars: Resonant Excitation of Stellar Obliquities by Hot and Warm Jupiters with External Companions
• On a Possible Solution to the Tidal Realignment Problem for Hot Jupiters
• Discriminating between hazy and clear hot-Jupiter atmospheres with CARMENES
• Impact of planet--planet scattering on the formation and survival of debris disks
• EPIC 246851721 b: A Tropical Jupiter Transiting a Rapidly Rotating Star in a Well-Aligned Orbit
• Nature vs. nurture: a Bayesian framework for assessing apparent correlations between planetary orbital properties and stellar ages
• Refined Telluric Absorption Correction for Low-Resolution Ground-Based Spectroscopy: Resolution and Radial Velocity Effects in the O2 A-Band for Exoplanets and K I Emission Lines

Cited by in corpus (4)

• Stellar obliquities in exoplanetary systems
• FastChem 2: An improved computer program to determine the gas-phase chemical equilibrium composition for arbitrary element distributions
• A warm super-Neptune around the G-dwarf star TOI-1710 revealed with TESS, SOPHIE and HARPS-N
• Orbital alignment of HD 332231 b