Radial velocity information content of M dwarf spectra in the near-infrared

Abstract

Aims: We evaluate the radial velocity (RV) information content and achievable precision on M0-M9 spectra covering the ZYJHK bands. We do so while considering both a perfect atmospheric transmission correction and discarding areas polluted by deep telluric features, as done in previous works. Methods: To simulate the M-dwarf spectra, PHOENIX-ACES model spectra were employed; they were convolved with rotational kernels and instrumental profiles to reproduce stars with a $v.sini$ of 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 km/s when observed at resolutions of 60 000, 80 000, and 100 000. We considered the RV precision as calculated on the whole spectra, after discarding strongly polluted areas, and after applying a perfect telluric correction. In our simulations we paid particular attention to the details of the convolution and sampling of the spectra, and we discuss their impact on the final spectra. Results: Our simulations show that the most important parameter ruling the difference in attainable precision between the considered bands is the spectral type. For M0-M3 stars, the bands that deliver the most precise RV measurements are the Z, Y, and H band, with relative merits depending on the parameters of the simulation. For M6-M9 stars, the bands show a difference in precision that is within a factor of $\sim$2 and does not clearly depend on the band; this difference is reduced to a factor smaller than $\sim$1.5 if we consider a non-rotating star seen at high resolution. We also show that an M6-M9 spectrum will deliver a precision about two times better as an M0-M3 spectra with the same signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, we note that the details of modelling the Earth atmosphere and interpreting the results have a significant impact on which wavelength regions are discarded when setting a limit threshold at 2-3%. (abridged)

arXiv comment27 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

References in corpus (61)

• The chemical composition of the Sun
• A new extensive library of PHOENIX stellar atmospheres and synthetic spectra
• The NextGen Model Atmosphere grid for $3000\le \Teff \le 10000\K$
• The Limiting Effects of Dust in Brown Dwarf Model Atmospheres
• Models of Stars, Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets
• Solar Chemical Abundances Determined with a CO5BOLD 3D Model Atmosphere
• No planet for HD 166435
• Molecfit: A general tool for telluric absorption correction. I. Method and application to ESO instruments
• Rotation Periods of 34,030 Kepler Main-Sequence Stars: The Full Autocorrelation Sample
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXI. The M-dwarf sample
• The Solar Neighborhood XVII: Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9m Program -- Twenty New Members of the RECONS 10 Parsec Sample
• Measuring the rotation period distribution of field M-dwarfs with Kepler
• Model Atmospheres for M (Sub)Dwarfs: I. The base model grid
• The Luminosity and Mass Functions of Low-Mass Stars in the Galactic Disk: II. The Field
• A new list of thorium and argon spectral lines in the visible
• Transits of Earth-Like Planets
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 Spectroscopic M Dwarf Catalog I: Data
• Trumpeting M Dwarfs with CONCH-SHELL: a Catalog of Nearby Cool Host-Stars for Habitable ExopLanets and Life
• A Spectroscopic Catalog of the Brightest (J<9) M Dwarfs in the Northern Sky
• SOAP 2.0: A tool to estimate the photometric and radial velocity variations induced by stellar spots and plages
• TW Hydrae: evidence of stellar spots instead of a Hot Jupiter
• Detecting Planets Around Very Low Mass Stars with the Radial Velocity Method
• An Earth-sized planet with an Earth-like density
• A sub-Mercury-sized exoplanet
• A catalogue of rotation and activity in early-M stars
• Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun
• Discovery of a Binary Brown Dwarf at 2 Parsecs from the Sun
• Rotation Velocities for M-dwarfs
• Dust in Brown Dwarfs and Extra-solar Planets I. Chemical composition and spectral appearance of quasi-static cloud layers
• The Kepler-10 planetary system revisited by HARPS-N: A hot rocky world and a solid Neptune-mass planet
• TAPAS, a web-based service of atmospheric transmission computation for astronomy
• The CRIRES Search for Planets Around the Lowest-Mass Stars. I. High-Precision Near-Infrared Radial Velocities with an Ammonia Gas Cell
• The Solar Neighborhood XXXV: Distances to 1404 M Dwarf Systems Within 25 pc in the Southern Sky
• SOAP. A tool for the fast computation of photometry and radial velocity induced by stellar spots
• Correcting for Telluric Absorption: Methods, Case Studies, and Release of the TelFit Code
• Dust in brown dwarfs and extra-solar planets II. Cloud formation for cosmologically evolving abundances
• Impact of occultations of stellar active regions on transmission spectra: Can occultation of a plage mimic the signature of a blue sky?
• Instrumentation for the detection and characterization of exoplanets
• Planetary detection limits taking into account stellar noise. II. Effect of stellar spot groups on radial-velocities
• Physical Properties of Young Brown Dwarfs and Very Low-Mass Stars Inferred from High-Resolution Model Spectra
• Evidence against the young hot-Jupiter around BD +20 1790
• Radial velocity signatures of Zeeman broadening
• The effect of M dwarf starspot activity on low-mass planet detection thresholds
• Stellar activity as noise in exoplanet detection II. Application to M dwarfs
• A multiwavelength radial velocity search for planets around the brown dwarf LP 944-20
• Synthesising, using, and correcting for telluric features in high-resolution astronomical spectra
• Evaluating the stability of atmospheric lines with HARPS
• Radial Velocities with CRIRES: Pushing precision down to 5-10 m/s
• Development of Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometers as Stable Near-infrared Calibration Sources for High Resolution Spectrographs
• Telluric-line subtraction in high-accuracy velocimetry: a PCA-based approach
• M dwarf catalog of LAMOST pilot survey
• Impact of micro-telluric lines on precise radial velocities and its correction
• Optimizing Doppler Surveys for Planet Yield
• A high resolution spectral atlas of brown dwarfs
• The Solar Neighborhood XXIX: The Habitable Real Estate of our Nearest Stellar Neighbors
• Pulsations in M dwarf stars
• A laser-lock concept to reach cm/s-precision in Doppler experiments with Fabry-Perot wavelength calibrators
• Detecting Planets around Very Cool Dwarfs at Near Infrared Wavelengths with the Radial Velocity Technique
• M dwarf search for pulsations within Kepler GO program
• M dwarfs in the b201 tile of the VVV survey: Colour-based Selection, Spectral Types and Light Curves
• Comparing radial velocities of atmospheric lines with radiosonde measurements

Cited by in corpus (25)

• State of the Field: Extreme Precision Radial Velocities
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: High-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of 324 survey stars
• Line-by-line velocity measurements, an outlier-resistant method for precision velocimetry
• SPIRou Input Catalogue: Global properties of 440 M dwarfs observed with ESPaDOnS at CFHT
• Catalog for the ESPRESSO blind radial velocity exoplanet survey
• Wobble: A Data-driven Analysis Technique for Time-series Stellar Spectra
• Convective blueshift strengths of 810 F to M solar-type stars
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs -- A deep learning approach to determine fundamental parameters of target stars
• TOI-1278 B: SPIRou unveils a rare Brown Dwarf Companion in Close-In Orbit around an M dwarf
• Radial velocity photon limits for the dwarf stars of spectral classes F--M
• Quantifying the Observational Effort Required for the Radial Velocity Characterization of TESS Planets
• Telluric correction in the near-infrared: Standard star or synthetic transmission?
• NIRPS joining HARPS at ESO 3.6 m. On-sky performance and science objectives
• Early science with SPIRou: near-infrared radial velocity and spectropolarimetry of the planet-hosting star HD 189733
• Optical and Near-Infrared Radial Velocity Content of M Dwarfs: Testing Models with Barnard's Star
• The Epoch of Giant Planet Migration Planet Search Program. I. Near-Infrared Radial Velocity Jitter of Young Sun-like Stars
• High-resolution Emission Spectroscopy of the Ultrahot Jupiter KELT-9b: Little Variation in Day- and Nightside Emission Line Contrasts
• On the radial velocity detection of additional planets in transiting, slowly rotating M-dwarf systems: the case of GJ 1132
• Predictions of planet detections with near infrared radial velocities in the up-coming SPIRou Legacy Survey-Planet Search
• Moderately misaligned orbit of the warm sub-Saturn HD 332231 b
• Deriving High-Precision Radial Velocities
• The Interpolation Constraint in the RV Analysis of M-Dwarfs Using Empirical Templates
• gaspery: Optimized Scheduling of Radial Velocity Follow-Up Observations for Active Host Stars
• Metallicities in M dwarfs: Investigating different determination techniques
• Multi-Wavelength High-Resolution Spectroscopy for Exoplanet Detection: Motivation, Instrumentation and First Results