Precipitating Condensation Clouds in Substellar Atmospheres

Abstract

We present a method to calculate vertical profiles of particle size distributions in condensation clouds of giant planets and brown dwarfs. The method assumes a balance between turbulent diffusion and sedimentation in horizontally uniform cloud decks. Calculations for the Jovian ammonia cloud are compared with results from previous methods. An adjustable parameter describing the efficiency of sedimentation allows the new model to span the range of predictions made by previous models. Calculations for the Jovian ammonia cloud are consistent with observations. Example calculations are provided for water, silicate, and iron clouds on brown dwarfs and on a cool extrasolar giant planet. We find that precipitating cloud decks naturally account for the characteristic trends seen in the spectra and colors of L- and T-type ultracool dwarfs.

33 pages including 7 figures; AASTex; Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal, tentatively scheduled for v556 n1 July 20, 2001 . Plotting error in Fig 5 corrected; slight modification to Fig 5 dicussion in text

References in corpus (2)

• Variability in ultra cool dwarfs: evidence for the evolution of surface features
• Infrared Observations and Modeling of one of the Coolest T Dwarfs, Gl 570D

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• Uniform Forward-Modeling Analysis of Ultracool Dwarfs. I. Methodology and Benchmarking
• Colour-magnitude diagrams of transiting Exoplanets - II. A larger sample from photometric distances
• The ESO SupJup Survey I: Chemical and isotopic characterisation of the late L-dwarf DENIS J0255-4700 with CRIRES${}^{+}$
• Dust in brown dwarfs and extra-solar planets. VII. Cloud formation in diffusive atmospheres
• The ESO SupJup Survey III: Confirmation of 13CO in YSES 1 b and Atmospheric Detection of YSES 1 c with CRIRES+
• JWST Transit Spectra I: Exploring Potential Biases and Opportunities in Retrievals of Tidally-locked Hot Jupiters with Clouds and Hazes
• Model atmospheres of sub-stellar mass objects
• Cloud Atlas: Discovery of Rotational Spectral Modulations in a Low-mass, L-type Brown Dwarf Companion to a Star
• Polarization of Starlight by Unresolved and Oblate Extra-solar Planet in Elliptical Orbit
• Retrieval study of cool, directly imaged exoplanet 51 Eri b
• Photochemical hazes dramatically alter temperature structure and atmospheric circulation in 3D simulations of hot Jupiters
• Optical to near-infrared transmission spectrum of the warm sub-Saturn HAT-P-12b
• An Unusual Transmission Spectrum for the Sub-Saturn KELT-11b Suggestive of a Sub-Solar Water Abundance
• Sulfate Aerosol Hazes and SO2 Gas as Constraints on Rocky Exoplanets' Surface Liquid Water
• Ultracool Dwarfs Observed with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph -- III. Dust Grains in Young L Dwarf Atmospheres Are Heavier
• Methane in Analogs of Young Directly Imaged Exoplanets
• Cloud Atlas: High-Contrast Time-Resolved Observations of Planetary-Mass Companions
• Lightning climatology of exoplanets and brown dwarfs guided by Solar System data
• Optical Properties of Organic Haze Analogues in Water-rich Exoplanet Atmospheres Observable with JWST
• Detectability of dirty dust grains in brown dwarf atmospheres
• Young Jupiters are Faint: New Models of the Early Evolution of Giant Planets
• Dust clouds or magnetic spots? Exploring the atmospheres of L dwarfs with time-resolved spectrophotometry
• Community targets for JWST's early release science program: evaluation of WASP-63b
• Mineral snowflakes on exoplanets and brown dwarfs: Effects of micro-porosity, size distributions, and particle shape
• A 1.46-2.48 $\mu$m Spectroscopic Atlas of a T6 Dwarf (1060 K) Atmosphere with IGRINS: First Detections of H${}_2$S and H${}_2$, and Verification of H${}_2$O, CH${}_4$, and NH${}_3$ Line Lists
• Revisiting the atmosphere of the exoplanet 51 Eridani b with VLT/SPHERE
• Optical and Near-Infrared Spectra of sigma Orionis Isolated Planetary-mass Objects
• The Physics of Falling Raindrops in Diverse Planetary Atmospheres
• The role of clouds on the depletion of methane and water dominance in the transmission spectra of irradiated exoplanets
• Discovery of a Visual T-Dwarf Triple System and Binarity at the L/T Transition
• ExoReL${}^{\Re }$: A Bayesian Inverse Retrieval Framework For Exoplanetary Reflected Light Spectra
• Color Classification of Extrasolar Giant Planets: Prospects and Cautions
• Hubble Space Telescope Imaging and Spectral Analysis of Two Brown Dwarf Binaries at the L Dwarf/T Dwarf Transition
• Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of the Y0 WISEP J173835.52+273258.9 and the Y1 WISE J035000.32-565830.2: the Importance of Non-Equilibrium Chemistry
• Multiple Clues for Dayside Aerosols and Temperature Gradients in WASP-69 b from a Panchromatic JWST Emission Spectrum
• Explaining the Observed Polarization from Brown Dwarfs by Single Dust Scattering
• Linear polarization of rapidly rotating ultracool dwarfs
• Cloud Atlas: Weak color modulations due to rotation in the planetary-mass companion GU Psc b and 11 other brown dwarfs
• Detection of new strongly variable brown dwarfs in the L/T transition
• Multiple Scattering Polarization of Substellar-mass Objects : T-dwarfs
• A New Method for Finding Nearby White Dwarf Exoplanets and Detecting Biosignatures
• Rotational Light Curves of Jupiter from UV to Mid-Infrared and Implications for Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets
• A Condensation-Coalescence Cloud Model for Exoplanetary Atmospheres: Formulation and Test Applications to Terrestrial and Jovian Clouds
• A mirage of the cosmic shoreline: Venus-like clouds as a statistical false positive for exoplanet atmospheric erosion
• Characterization of the Very Low Mass Secondary in the GJ 660.1AB System
• L-Band Photometry of L and T Dwarfs
• The Impact of Phase Equilibrium Cloud Models on GCM Simulations of GJ~1214b
• Scattered Light from Close-in Extrasolar Planets: Prospects of Detection with the MOST Satellite
• Spatially Resolved Modeling of Optical Albedos for a Sample of Six Hot Jupiters
• Resolved Spectroscopy of a Brown Dwarf Binary at the T Dwarf/Y Dwarf Transition
• Jet Streams and Tracer Mixing in the Atmospheres of Brown Dwarfs and Isolated Young Giant Planets
• How Does Thermal Scattering Shape the Infrared Spectra of Cloudy Exoplanets? A Theoretical Framework and Consequences for Atmospheric Retrievals in the JWST era
• The influence of non-isotropic scattering of thermal radiation on spectra of brown dwarfs and hot exoplanets
• LBT transmission spectroscopy of HAT-P-12b: confirmation of a cloudy atmosphere with no significant alkali features
• Information in the Reflected Light Spectra of Widely Separated Giant Exoplanets
• Moderate Resolution Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) Observations of M, L, and T Dwarfs
• Towards Robust Atmospheric Retrieval on Cloudy L Dwarfs: The Impact of Thermal and Abundance Profile Assumptions
• Data availability and requirements relevant for the Ariel space mission and other exoplanet atmosphere applications
• GRAVITY K-band spectroscopy of HD 206893 B: brown dwarf or exoplanet
• A Statistical Survey of Peculiar L and T Dwarfs in SDSS, 2MASS, and WISE
• Cloud Atlas: Variability in and out of the Water Band in the Planetary-mass HD 203030B Points to Cloud Sedimentation in Low-gravity L Dwarfs
• Water depletion and 15NH3 in the atmosphere of the coldest brown dwarf observed with JWST/MIRI
• CLOUDS search for variability in brown dwarf atmospheres
• The Effect of Clouds as an Additional Opacity Source on the Inferred Metallicity of Giant Exoplanets
• Initial mass function effects on the colour evolution of disk galaxies
• An optical transmission spectrum of the transiting hot Jupiter in the metal-poor WASP-98 planetary system
• Gemini Planet Imager Spectroscopy of the Dusty Substellar Companion HD 206893 B
• Silicate clouds and a circumplanetary disk in the YSES-1 exoplanet system
• Exploring H${}_2$O Prominence in Reflection Spectra of Cool Giant Planets
• TAU: A 1D radiative transfer code for transmission spectroscopy of extrasolar planet atmospheres
• Detecting Exomoons Around Self-luminous Giant Exoplanets Through Polarization
• Tentative Evidence for Water Vapor in the Atmosphere of the Neptune-Size Exoplanet HD 106315 c
• Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Brown Dwarfs: Methane and the Transition between the L and T Spectral Types
• Rotation periods and photometric variability of rapidly rotating ultra-cool dwarfs
• Possible detection of a bimodal cloud distribution in the atmosphere of HAT-P-32\,A\,b from multi-band photometry
• A Methane Imaging Survey for T Dwarf Candidates in Rho Ophiuchi
• Discovery of Two Very Wide Binaries with Ultracool Companions and a New Brown Dwarf at the L/T Transition
• Resolved Spectroscopy of M Dwarf/L Dwarf Binaries. IV. Discovery of an M9 + L6 BInary Separated by Over 100 AU
• Directly imaged exoplanets in reflected starlight. The importance of knowing the planet radius
• Optical linear polarization in ultra cool dwarfs: A tool to probe dust in the ultra cool dwarf atmospheres
• Buildup of Abiotic Oxygen and Ozone in Moist Atmospheres of Temperate Terrestrial Exoplanets and its Impact on the Spectral Fingerprint in Transit Observations
• Kepler Monitoring of an L Dwarf II. Clouds with Multiyear Lifetimes
• Testing the models: NIR imaging and spectroscopy of the benchmark T-dwarf binary Eps Indi B
• On the existence of brown dwarfs more massive than the hydrogen burning limit
• A retrieval challenge exercise for the Ariel mission
• The McDonald Accelerating Stars Survey (MASS): Discovery of a Long-Period Substellar Companion Orbiting the Old Solar Analog HD 47127
• HST survey of the Orion Nebula Cluster in the H${}_2$O 1.4 $\mu$m absorption band: I. A census of substellar and planetary mass objects
• An Improved Near-Infrared Spectrum of the Archetype Y Dwarf WISEP J182831.08+265037.8
• JWST-TST DREAMS: A Precise Water Abundance for Hot Jupiter WASP-17b from the NIRISS SOSS Transmission Spectrum
• The Dark World: A Tale of WASP-43b in Reflected Light with HST WFC3/UVIS
• Cloud Atlas: High-precision HST/WFC3/IR Time-Resolved Observations of Directly-Imaged Exoplanet HD106906b
• Resolved Spectroscopy of the T8.5 and Y0-0.5 Binary WISEPC J121756.91+162640.2AB
• Evidence for SiO cloud nucleation in the rogue planet PSO J318
• Calibrating Ultracool Dwarfs: Optical Template Spectra, Bolometric Corrections, and $\chi$ Values
• Microphysics of Water Clouds in the Atmospheres of Y Dwarfs and Temperate Giant Planets
• Robust detection of quasi-periodic variability: A HAWKI mini survey of late T dwarfs
• Spitzer Light Curves of the Young, Planetary-Mass TW Hya Members 2MASS J11193254-1137466AB and WISEA J114724.10-204021.3
• A search for photometric variability in the young T3.5 planetary-mass companion GU Psc b
• Cloud Parameterizations and their Effect on Retrievals of Exoplanet Reflection Spectroscopy
• The three regimes of atmospheric evaporation for super-Earths and sub-Neptunes
• Variable Irradiation on 1D Cloudless Eccentric Exoplanet Atmospheres
• Modelling dynamically driven global cloud formation microphysics in the HAT-P-1b atmosphere
• Dynamics and Clouds in Planetary Atmospheres from Telescopic Observations
• Cloud Atlas: Unraveling the vertical cloud structure with the time-series spectrophotometry of an unusually red brown dwarf
• 2MASS J03105986+1648155AB - A new binary at the L/T transition
• Rotation and Abundances of the Benchmark Brown Dwarf HD 33632 Ab from Keck/KPIC High-resolution Spectroscopy
• Direct-imaging Discovery of a Substellar Companion Orbiting the Accelerating Variable Star, HIP 39017
• Polarization of L Dwarfs by Dust Scattering
• Self-consistent atmosphere modeling with cloud formation for low-mass stars and exoplanets
• Fresh view of the hot brown dwarf HD 984 B through high-resolution spectroscopy
• Dynamically coupled kinetic chemistry in brown dwarf atmospheres I. Performing global scale kinetic modelling
• Mineral Snowflakes on Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs: Coagulation and Fragmentation of Cloud Particles with {\sc HyLandS}
• Leaning Sideways: VHS 1256-1257 b is a Super-Jupiter with a Uranus-like Obliquity
• The 2MASS Wide-Field T Dwarf Search. V. Discovery of a T Dwarf via Methane Imaging
• The Deepest Constraints on Radio and X-ray Magnetic Activity in Ultracool Dwarfs from WISE J104915.57-531906.1
• A Direct Comparison between the use of Double Gray and Multiwavelength Radiative Transfer in a General Circulation Model with and without Radiatively Active Clouds
• HST/WFC3 Complete Phase-resolved Spectroscopy of White Dwarf-Brown Dwarf Binaries WD 0137 and EPIC 2122
• Prospects for Directly Imaging Young Giant Planets at Optical Wavelengths
• The Atmospheres of Rocky Exoplanets II. Influence of surface composition on the diversity of cloud condensates
• VLTI/GRAVITY Observations and Characterization of the Brown Dwarf Companion HD 72946 B
• Atmospheric characterization of the super-Jupiter HIP 99770 b with KPIC
• Cloud-convection feedback in brown dwarfs atmosphere
• Turbulent Thermal Diffusion: A Way to Concentrate Dust in Protoplanetary Discs
• An Age Constraint for the Very Low-Mass Stellar/Brown Dwarf Binary 2MASS J03202839-0446358AB
• YunMa: Enabling Spectral Retrievals of Exoplanetary Clouds
• Exoplanet phase curves at large phase angles. Diagnostics for extended hazy atmospheres
• WISEP J060738.65+242953.4: A Nearby. Pole-On L8 Brown Dwarf with Radio Emission
• Characterizing The Cloud Decks of Luhman 16AB with Medium-Resolution Spectroscopic Monitoring
• Rotation periods and astrometric motions of the Luhman 16AB brown dwarfs by high-resolution lucky-imaging monitoring
• Global weather map reveals persistent top-of-atmosphere features on the nearest brown dwarfs
• Reflected Light Phase Curves in the TESS Era
• Clouds and Hazes in GJ 1214b's Metal-Rich Atmosphere
• JWST Transit Spectra II: Constraining Aerosol Species, Particle-size Distributions, Temperature, and Metallicity for Cloudy Exoplanets
• The ESO SupJup Survey VII: Clouds and line asymmetries in CRIRES${}^{+}$ J-band spectra of the Luhman 16 binary
• ExoLyn: a golden mean approach to multi-species cloud modelling in atmospheric retrieval
• Modeling Polarization Signals from Cloudy Brown Dwarfs: Luhman 16 A and B in Three Dimensions
• The Future of Ultracool Dwarf Science with JWST
• Spitzer Space Telescope Mid-IR Light Curves of Neptune
• Optical Transmission Spectra of Hot-Jupiters: Effects of Scattering
• Thermal Alteration and Differential Sublimation Can Create Phaethons "Rock Comet" Activity and Blue Color
• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Exoplanet Atmospheres I. Thermochemical Equilibrium Models
• Three-dimensional dynamical evolution of cloud particle microphysics in sub-stellar atmospheres I. Description and exploring Y-dwarf atmospheric variability
• Jupiter-like uniform metal enrichment in a system of multiple giant exoplanets
• The compositions of the HR 8799 planets reflect accretion of both solids and metal-enriched gas
• Polarization of Trappist-1 by the Transit of its Planets
• Multi-modal atmospheric characterization of $\beta$ Pictoris b: Adding high-resolution continuum spectra from GRAVITY
• Impacts of Water Latent Heat on the Thermal Structure of Ultra-Cool Objects: Brown Dwarfs and Free-Floating Planets
• A low-mass triple system with a wide L/T transition brown dwarf component: NLTT 51469AB/SDSS 2131-0119
• Simulating Reflected Light Exoplanet Spectra of the Promising Direct Imaging Target, $\upsilon$ Andromedae d, with a New, Fast Sampling Method Using the Planetary Spectrum Generator
• Following the Lithium: Tracing Li-bearing Molecules Across Age, Mass, and Gravity in Brown Dwarfs
• Spectral Variability of Two Rapidly Rotating Brown Dwarfs: 2MASS J08354256-0819237 and 2MASS J18212815+1414010
• Mapping of Jupiter's tropospheric NH${}_3$ abundance using ground-based IRTF/TEXES observations at 5 $\mu$m
• Multilayer Perceptron and Geometric Albedo Spectra for Quick Parameter Estimations of Exoplanets
• Exploring the directly imaged HD 1160 system through spectroscopic characterization and high-cadence variability monitoring
• Photo-polarimetric characteristics of brown dwarfs, Part I: uniform cloud decks
• The Possible Astrometric Signature of a Planetary-mass Companion to the Nearby Young Star TW Piscis Austrini (Fomalhaut B): Constraints from Astrometry, Radial Velocities, and Direct Imaging
• A Unified Spectroscopic and Photometric Model to Infer Surface Inhomogeneity: Application to Luhman 16B
• Latest news on the Physics of Brown dwarfs
• Polarimetric Detection of Exoplanets Transiting T- and L- Brown Dwarfs
• The Influence of Dust Formation Modelling on Na I and K I Line Profiles in Substellar Atmospheres
• A physically derived eddy parameterization for giant planet atmospheres with application on hot-Jupiter atmospheres
• The infrared colors of 51 Eridani b: micrometereoid dust or chemical disequilibrium?
• Polarimetric investigation of selected cloud compositions in exoplanetary atmospheres
• Mapping the Skies of Ultracool Worlds: Detecting Storms and Spots with Extremely Large Telescopes
• Microphysical Prescriptions for Parameterized Water Cloud Formation on Ultra-cool Substellar Objects
• Hotter Than Expected: HST/WFC3 Phase-resolved Spectroscopy of a Rare Irradiated Brown Dwarf with Strong Internal Heat Flux
• PICASO 4.0: Clouds and Photochemistry in Climate Models of Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets
• Tracing the Inner Edge of the Habitable Zone with Sulfur Chemistry
• X-SHYNE: X-Shooter spectra of young exoplanet analogs II. Presentation and analysis of the full library
• The Emission Spectrum of the Hot Jupiter WASP-79b from HST/WFC3
• Discovery of a Possible Early-T Thick-Disk Subdwarf from the AllWISE2 Motion Survey
• A High Geometric Albedo for LTT9779b Points Towards a Metal-rich Atmosphere and Silicate Clouds
• Cloudy mornings and clear evenings on a gas giant exoplanet
• COol Companions ON Ultrawide orbiTS (COCONUTS). III. A Very Red L6 Benchmark Brown Dwarf around a Young M5 Dwarf
• Vanadium oxide clusters in substellar atmospheres: A quantum chemical study
• The effect of thermal non-equilibrium on kinetic nucleation
• The curse of clouds
• Conditions for radiative zones in the molecular hydrogen envelope of Jupiter and Saturn: The role of alkali metals
• The $\text{MSG}$ model for cloudy substellar atmospheres: A grid of self-consistent substellar atmosphere models with microphysical cloud formation
• Comparison of cloud models for Brown Dwarfs
• Under the magnifying glass: A combined 3D model applied to cloudy warm Saturn type exoplanets around M-dwarfs
• Evidence of Titanate Clouds in the Day-side Atmosphere of the Ultra-Hot Jupiter WASP-121b
• Probing reflection from aerosols with the near-infrared dayside spectrum of WASP-80b
• Weather on Other Worlds. VI. Optical Spectrophotometry of Luhman 16B Reveals Large-amplitude Variations in the Alkali Lines
• Detecting Massive Galaxies at High Redshift using the Dark Energy Survey
• M dwarf stars in the light of (future) exoplanet searches
• The role of cloud particle properties on WASP-39b transmission spectrum based on JWST/NIRSpec observations
• Disentangling disc and atmospheric signatures of young brown dwarfs with JWST/NIRSpec
• The SPACE Program. I. The featureless spectrum of HD 86226 c challenges sub-Neptune atmosphere trends
• $L$-band Spectra of Young Brown Dwarfs
• Fast Photometric Variability of Very Low Mass Stars in IC 348: Detection of Superflare in an M-dwarf
• Generic Models for Disk-Resolved and Disk-Integrated Phase Dependent Linear Polarization of Light Reflected from Exoplanets
• Impact of Planetary Parameters on Water Clouds Microphysics
• The planetary-mass-limit VLT/SINFONI library: Spectral extraction and atmospheric characterization via forward modeling
• No TiO detected in the hot Neptune-desert planet LTT-9779 b in reflected light at high spectral resolution
• Reflected-light Phase Curves with PICASO: A Kepler-7b Case Study
• Effects of Rotation on the Spectra of Brown Dwarfs
• A new statistical method for characterizing the atmospheres of extrasolar planets
• Differentiable Modeling of Planet and Substellar Atmosphere: High-Resolution Emission, Transmission, and Reflection Spectroscopy with ExoJAX2
• Towards the Albedo of an Exoplanet: MOST Satellite Observations of Bright Transiting Exoplanetary Systems
• Large-amplitude Variability Driven by Giant Dust Storms on a Planetary-mass Companion
• Exploring the Diversity of Jupiter-Class Planets (Discussion Meeting Contribution)
• Polarization of Rotationally Oblate Self-Luminous Exoplanets with Anisotropic Atmospheres
• The Detectability of Earth's Biosignatures Across Time
• Near-infrared spectroscopic characterisation of Gaia ultra-cool dwarf candidates; Spectral types and peculiarities
• The Effects of Cuboid Particle Scattering on Reflected Light Phase Curves: Insights from Laboratory Data and Theory
• Spectral analysis of two directly imaged benchmark L dwarf companions at the stellar-substellar boundary
• Global Chemistry and Thermal Structure Models for the Hot Jupiter WASP-43b and Predictions for JWST
• The dark days are overcast: Iron-bearing clouds on HD 209458 b and WASP-43 b can explain low dayside albedos
• Reliability of 1D radiative-convective photochemical-equilibrium retrievals on transit spectra of WASP-107b
• Evolution of spheroidal dust in electrically active sub-stellar atmospheres
• A 1.48-2.48 $\mu$m R=28000 spectroscopic atlas of the L7.5 and T0.5 components of the nearest pair of brown dwarfs: Luhman 16AB
• Time-resolved Optical Polarization Monitoring of the Most Variable Brown Dwarf
• Interpreting the atmospheric composition of exoplanets: sensitivity to planet formation assumptions
• The atmospheres of rocky exoplanets III. Using atmospheric spectra to constrain surface rock composition
• The L dwarf/T dwarf transition: multiplicity, magnetic activity and mineral meteorology across the hydrogen burning limit
• Effect of Dust Size on the Near-Infrared Spectra (1.0-5.0 $\mu$m) of Brown Dwarf Atmospheres
• Hazy blue worlds: A holistic aerosol model for Uranus and Neptune, including Dark Spots
• Effects of the internal temperature on vertical mixing and on cloud structures in Ultra Hot Jupiters
• A new look into the atmospheric composition of WASP-39 b
• Optical Variability, Rotation Period and Inclination Angle of the M9.5 dwarf BRI 0021-0214
• Beyond monoculture: Polydisperse moment methods for sub-stellar atmosphere cloud microphysics II. A three-moment gamma distribution formulation for GCM applications
• Alkali Metallicity, Mineral Clouds, and Deep Atmospheric Variability on Jupiter
• On the importance of laboratory experiments for interpreting exoplanet observations
• Direct Images of CO2 Absorption in the Atmosphere of a Super-Jupiter: Enhanced Metallicity Suggestive of Formation in a Disk
• Silicate Sundogs: Probing the Effects of Grain Directionality in Exoplanet Observations
• Obliquity Constraints on the Planetary-mass Companion HD 106906 b
• Patchy nightside clouds on ultra-hot Jupiters: General Circulation Model simulations with radiatively active cloud tracers
• JWST high-contrast spectroscopy with speckle modelling: Atmospheric retrievals of the T dwarf companion HD 19467 B
• Panchromatic View of the Frigid Jovian Exoplanet COCONUTS-2 b
• SpeX Spectroscopy of Unresolved Very Low-Mass Binaries. I. Identification of Seventeen Candidate Binaries Straddling the L Dwarf/T Dwarf Transition
• Impact of Clouds on the Atmosphere-Mantle Interface of Sub-Neptunes
• Optical and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of the L Subdwarf SDSS J125637.13-022452.4
• Chemical diversity of the atmospheres and interiors of sub-Neptunes: a case study of GJ 436 b
• Prospects of using simulations to study the photospheres of brown dwarfs
• Disentangling the Signatures of Blended-Light Atmospheres in L/T Transition Brown Dwarfs
• Next-generation Exo-REM atmospheric models: application to VHS 1256 b to emulate patchy clouds
• JWST-TST High Contrast: First Direct Spectroscopy of GJ 504 b reveals Clouds and Possible Metal Enrichment
• Silicate Clouds, SiO, and Molecular Trends across the L-T Sequence: A JWST/MIRI LRS Spectral Library of Brown Dwarfs
• Dynamics of Y Dwarf Atmospheres
• Using Old and New Approaches: Determining Physical Properties of Brown Dwarfs with Empirical Relations and Machine Learning Models
• Cloudy and Cloud-free Thermal Phase Curves with PICASO: Applications to WASP-43b