Panchromatic View of the Frigid Jovian Exoplanet COCONUTS-2 b

Abstract

We use a high signal-to-noise MIRI-LRS spectrum (5.45 - 11 $\mu$m, R${}_{\lambda }$ $\sim 100$) of COCONUTS-2~b revealing prominent molecular features of H${}_2$O, CH${}_4$ and NH${}_3$. This dataset is combined with spectra from Gemini/FLAMINGOS-2 and JWST/NIRSpec (G395H), as well as photometry from WISE and Spitzer, resulting in almost continuous wavelength coverage from 1 to 15 $\mu$m. We analyze the data using five grids of self-consistent atmospheric models, spanning a wide range of T${}_{\text{eff}}$, log(g), and [M/H]. We also investigate the use of Gaussian Processes to account for correlated noise either caused by the spectrograph or by systematic departures of models in the inversion framework. All models manage to fit the overall combined observations but predict fainter flux in Y- and N-bands. Classical model comparison suggests that the ATMO2020++ synthetic specra (with and without PH${}_3$) are statistically preferred. Fitting for the correlated noise of the three spectroscopic instruments, ATMO2020++ models yields constraints consistent with previous studies and evolutionary models predictions: T${}_{\text{eff}}$ $=496_{-3}^{+5}$ K, log(g) $=4.30_{-0.02}^{+0.04}$ dex, [M/H] $=-0.02_{-0.02}^{+0.03}$ dex, and R $=1.03_{-0.02}^{+0.01}$ R${}_{\text{jup}}$. The extended wavelength coverage provided by MIRI (accounting for 41% of the bolometric flux) completes the SED, yielding a precise luminosity estimation of log(L/L${}_{\odot }$) $=-6.166\pm 0.002$ dex. Combined with a previous estimate of the system age ($414\pm 23$ Myr), cooling models predict a mass of M $=7.3\pm 0.3$ M${}_{\text{jup}}$.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in A&A (07 April 2026)

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